何首乌茎段离体培养的研究

用何首乌种子经表面消毒后进行无菌发芽并建立了无菌材料，以无菌实生苗茎段作外植体进行离体快繁研究。试验了不同基本培养基(MS，H，1／2MS，B5和N6)，不同种类外源激素(IBA、NAA、KT)和不同浓度梯度的外源激素(0．0mg／L，0．1mg／L，0．Smg／L，1．0mg／L，2．0mg／L和4．0mg／L)以及不同蔗糖浓度(0．0％，1．0％，2．0％，4．0％，8．0％，16．0％)对茎段离体培养的影响。结果表明：MS基本培养基，0．5mg／L IBA(或0．5mg／LNAA)及3％的蔗糖比较适合于何首乌的茎段离体快繁。推荐用于何首乌茎段离体快繁的最佳培养基配方为：MS 肌醇100mg/L^ 盐酸硫胺素1．0mg／L 盐酸吡哆素0．5mg／L 甘氨酸2．0mg／L IBA0．5mg／L(或NAA0．5mg／L) 蔗糖3．0％ 琼脂0．75％，pH5．9。用该培养基对何首乌进行茎段离体快繁，每次继代培养可增殖4～5倍。     

猪心肌乳酸脱氢酶的提纯工艺及酶反应最适条件

研究了适合于工业化生产的猪心肌乳酸脱氢酶的初步提取工艺，经硫酸铵分级沉淀得到酶的比活为86．5U／mg，再经DEAE离子交换层析比活可达525．0U／mg，酶活总收率为54．5％．并对酶促反应的最适条件进行了研究，其最适反应pH为7．6～7．8，最适反应底物浓度分别为NADH5mg／mL和丙酮酸钠25mmol／L。     

哈茨木霉SDU3.87耐碱性纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

从碱性土样中分离出的1株哈茨木霉(T．harzianum),液体发酵条件的实验表明,产酶最适的培养基初始pH为7．5,培养温度为28℃,摇床转速为160r／min;最适的单一碳源为麸皮,添加量为质量分数3．0％～5．0％;添加质量分数0．5％左右的复合氮源有利于产酶的提高;诱导物纤维素CF—11和微晶纤维素的最适添加量分别为质量分数2．0％和1．0％;添加吐温80有利于产酶的提高,添加量质量分数0．2％;用300mL三角瓶液体摇床发酵时装样量80mL左右为宜;发酵周期5～6d,获得的粗酶液的内切酶活最高为1．85U/mL,FPA为0．96U/mL．水杨素酶活为0.81U／mL。     

细菌XP05的筛选及其吸附铂的特性

从不同来源的细菌菌株中．筛选得到一株吸附Pt^4 能力较强的菌株XPO5，经鉴定为弗劳地柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freudii)；并研究了死的XP05菌体吸附Pt^4 的特性．死的XP05菌体吸附Pt^4 的最适pH值为2．0．该菌体对Pt^4 的吸附是一个快速的过程．在最初的8min内，吸附量可达到最大吸附量的78．1％，吸附lh即可达到平衡．在10—75℃的范围内．菌体对Pt^4 的吸附量随着温度的升高而增加．在2g/L菌体、Pt^4 起始浓度225mg/L、pH2．0和30℃条件下，振荡吸附60min，吸附量达64．4mg／g．Cu^2 、Ca^2 、Co^2 、Au^3 、Pb^2 、A1^3 等离子能不同程度地抑制XP05菌体对Pt^4 的吸附能力．从含有Pt^4 l11．76mg/L的废铂催化剂处理液回收铂，其吸附率达61．3％，吸附量为30．65mg／g.     

地衣芽孢杆菌A.4041耐高温α-淀粉酶的纯化及性质

地衣芽孢杆菌A.4041（Bacillus，licheniformisA．4041）耐高温α-淀粉酶，经硫铁沉淀和垂直板制备凝胶电泳纯化，得到三种电泳均一的组分，α－Ⅰ，α－Ⅱ和α－Ⅲ．其相对质量分数分别为14.7％，32.2％和52.9％；等电点为5．2，5．4和5．5；相对分子质量为48000，55000和60000．酶作用于可溶性淀粉的米氏常数分别为4.5mg／mL，3．4mg／mL和2．6mg／mL．最适作用温度皆为90℃；最适pH为6.0～6.5；稳定pH范围皆为4～11．5在温度高于70℃，保温30min条件下，三组分的活力开始下降，但α－Ⅱ和α－Ⅲ在100℃，保温30min时仍分别保持15％和20％的残余活力，表明该酶的热稳定性良好．Ca2+，Mg2+，K+对酶明显激活；Cu2+，Fe3+，Zn2+，Al3+，EDTA、甲醛、戊二醛对酶强烈抑制．     

固定化啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Pt4+特性的研究

用2％海藻酸钠与l％明胶混合为包埋剂固定啤酒酵母废菌体．固定化啤酒酵母废菌体(ISCWB)呈球形．粒径2～3mm．ISCWB吸附作用受吸附时间、溶液pH值、ISCWB浓度和Pt^4 起始浓度等的影响．但不受温度的影响；吸附作用是一个快速的过程．吸附60min达到平衡．但在最初的5min内吸附量可达最大吸附量的88．4％．吸附Pt^4 的最适pH为2．0．在Pt^4 起始浓度200mg／L、固定化菌体浓度1．6g／L、pH2．0和30℃条件下振荡吸附60min．吸附量为44．0mg／g．TEM观察显示，固定化菌体不仅能吸附Pt^4 而且能将Pt^4 还原成Pt^0．从含Pt^4 95．22mg／L和47．6lmg／L的废铂催化剂处理液中回收铂．其吸附率分别为48．44％和60．72％，吸附量为26．97mg／g和17．2lmg／g．以1．0mol／L盐酸作为解吸剂，解吸率达80．2％．在填充床反应器中．固定化菌体的最大饱和吸附量为21.0mg／g．解吸率为80％．该固定化菌体有较好的应用前景．     

乌龙茶覆盖遮荫技术的研究

进行了夏季乌龙茶园不同遮荫度遮荫的生态生理生化效应及其对茶树生长、产量和品质的影响研究．结果表明：与不遮荫的对照处理相比，遮荫后，(1)树冠层的白昼平均温度、日极端最高温度和温度日较差分别下降了1．47～4．29℃、3．95～7．26℃和3．33～8．44℃；白昼平均相对湿度、日极端最低相对湿度分别增加了4．31％～12．31％和3．27％～12．62％，相对湿度日较差减少了3．58％～12．94％．(2)夏、暑梢1芽3叶含水率分别增加了4．57％～6．47％和2．24％～2．78％．(3)夏、暑梢叶绿素总量分别增加了0．5983～0．7019mg／dm^2和0．3480～0．6050mg／dm^2．增幅达41．70%～48．92％和52．38％～91．06％；叶绿素a增加38．96％～47．25％和50．94％～72．52％；叶绿素b增加了43．83％～54．58％和67．98％～155．81％；叶绿素a、b比值下降了0．1042～0．1868和1．10～3．54．(4)茶叶中茶多酚和咖啡碱含量明显降低，氨基酸含量明显提高，粗纤维含量显减少．儿茶素组份得以优化．(5)适度遮荫有利于提高夏暑茶的产量和品质．     

不同取代度的甲壳素磷酸酯钾对番茄种子萌发的作用

用甲壳素合成1^#～7^#甲壳素磷酸酯和甲壳素磷酸酯钾，分别测定1^#～7^#甲壳素磷酸酯的取代度、将甲壳素磷酸酯钾配成O．5mg／L，2mg／L，5mg／L．10mg／L，20mg／L溶液，以蒸馏水为对照，进行番茄(Lycopeysicon esculentum)种子的浸种发芽实验。浸种46．5～76．5h；培养温度29．5C；每只培养皿50粒，每种浓度重复3次。结果表明：6^#、7^#甲壳素磷酸酯钾对番茄种子不具有促进作用；而1^#～5^#甲壳素磷酸酯钾对番茄种子有不同程度的促进作用，其质量浓度以0．5mg/OL～20mg／L为最佳，其中1^#、2^#、3^#、4^#、5^#甲壳素磷酸酯钾对番茄种子的发芽率分别比对照组增长6．7％、17．4％、16．7％、6．0％、16．0％。     

小麦叶基切段愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

从3～5d龄小麦籽苗幼叶基部切段诱导出大量愈伤组织。诱导可再生的愈伤组织的培养基为MS 1．5mg／L 2，4-D 0．2mg／L，激动素(KT) 500mg／L，水解酪蛋白(CH) 120mg／L，天冬酰胺 100mg／L，肌醇 3％蔗糖 0．7％琼脂粉。当愈伤组织转移到生长调节物质改变为2mg／L KT，1mg／L NAA和0．1mg／L 2，4-D的MS培养基上培养后，出现了苗的分化。当分化苗在无机盐分减半的MS培养基上培养后，产生了根。愈伤组织的形成和植株再生的频率与外植体的位置和籽苗的发育阶段密切相关，3～4d龄苗叶基1cm处的切段效果最好。叶基愈伤组织的分化能力可保持3～4个月。     

产碱性纤维素酶浅黄金色单胞菌Chrysemonas luteola的诱变选育

以筛选到的一株产碱性纤维素酶浅黄金色单胞菌为出发菌株，经紫外线、紫外线和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)复合诱变等处理后，筛选到一株产CMC酶活较高的变株．经5代诱变后，变株产CMC酶活从原来的(发酵液)156．61U／mL提高到325．45U／mL，同时，结果表明变株FQ2产酶特性已趋于稳定．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the