O／W型乳化液破乳茵发酵条件优化及破乳研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌全培养液对O/W型乳状液进行破乳效能研究.通过正交试验对枯草芽孢杆菌的发酵条件进行优化,以实现最优破乳效果.结果表明,培养温度25℃、摇床转数140 r/min、培养基pH值7.0、接菌量6%、培养时间24 h,枯草芽胞杆菌培养液中细菌生长量最高.相同培养条件,培养时间20 h,全培养液对模型乳状液的破乳效率最高,室温下48 h排油率100%.该破乳菌培养液具有良好抗酸能力及热稳定性.培养液pH值在中性及酸性范围内,枯草芽胞杆菌培养液排油率在60%以上.碱性增强至pH值为10培养液几乎丧失破乳能力.45～90℃热处理会使破乳剂破乳效率稍有降低,温度增至100℃破乳活性反而增加.100 mL O/W型原油废水中加入5 mL的枯草芽孢杆菌全培养液,30 min后排油量为62.056 mg/L,优于化学破乳剂.     

O/W型乳化液破乳菌发酵条件优化及破乳研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌全培养液对O/W型乳状液进行破乳效能研究.通过正交试验对枯草芽孢杆菌的发酵条件进行优化,以实现最优破乳效果.结果表明,培养温度25℃、摇床转数140 r/min、培养基pH值7.0、接菌量6%、培养时间24 h,枯草芽胞杆菌培养液中细菌生长量最高.相同培养条件,培养时间20 h,全培养液对模型乳状液的破乳效率最高,室温下48 h排油率100%.该破乳菌培养液具有良好抗酸能力及热稳定性.培养液pH值在中性及酸性范围内,枯草芽胞杆菌培养液排油率在60%以上.碱性增强至pH值为10培养液几乎丧失破乳能力.45~90℃热处理会使破乳剂破乳效率稍有降低,温度增至100℃破乳活性反而增加.100 mLO/W型原油废水中加入5 mL的枯草芽孢杆菌全培养液,30 min后排油量为62.056 mg/L,优于化学破乳剂.     

产朊圆酵母尿酸酶形成条件研究

择到一株产尿酸酶较高水平的产朊圆酵母（Torula utilis Henneb）．对此菌株尿酸酶形成条件的研究表明：蔗糖、葡萄糖是酶形成的适合碳源;蛋白胨和酵母膏是产酶的适合氮源,另添加无机氮源对产酶略有帮助作用;尿酸、黄嘌呤和乌嘌呤对酶形成起诱导作用,底物尿酸是适宜的诱导物．尿酸酶形成最适培养基组成为（％）：蔗糖3,蛋白胨2,酵母膏0．5,（NH4）2SO40．05,尿酸0．05,KCl0．04,Pb^2＋、Fe^3＋、Hg^2＋、Mg^2＋、Ag^＋、Ca^2＋、Zn^2＋不利于产酶．另对培养条件做了优化探索：最适pH为6．0,在250mL三角瓶中装30mL培养液,接种量10％,在200r／min的旋转摇床上28℃振荡培养23h．     

枯草芽孢杆菌工程茵产耐酸性高温a-淀粉酶发酵条件的优化

利用基因工程手段获得的产耐酸性高温弘淀粉酶基因枯草芽孢杆菌工程菌株pWB—amyd／WB600,通过单因素筛选及正交实验进行发酵培养基优化,得到的最佳配方为（g／L）：玉米粉20,蛋白胨30,CaC120．5,Na2HP048．同时对实验室摇瓶条件下液体发酵的主要影响因素初始pH、接种量、装液量、转速、温度等进行探讨,确定了最佳培养条件：37℃、pH6．5、200r／min摇床培养36h,接种量为2％,装液量为30mL／250mL．在此优化条件下,耐酸性高温弘淀粉酶活力达到3980U／mL,是未优化条件下的2．1倍．     

高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌BJ-Ⅰ的筛选鉴定及絮凝特性研究

从活性污泥中筛选出1株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌BJ-Ⅰ,其絮凝率达87．6％．通过生理生化分析及16S rDNA序列鉴定该菌株为短芽孢杆菌（Bacillus brevis）．该菌产絮凝剂的最适碳源和氮源分别为20g/L的葡萄糖和2．0g／L的蛋白胨;适宜的初始pH和培养温度分别为7．0和30℃;在培养基中添加0．5g／L的Mg^2＋有利于菌体生长,但对絮凝剂合成无影响．对该絮凝剂的特性研究结果表明：菌液投放量3％、pH值在5．9、温度为60℃条件下絮凝效果最好,加入浓度为8％的Ca^2＋可显著提高其絮凝活性．实验证明,该菌起絮凝作用的物质存在于发酵液中,主要成分为杂多糖．     

枯草芽孢杆菌转化鱿鱼墨制备溶栓型发酵液

利用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵鱿鱼墨制备溶栓型发酵液,在发酵温度37℃和发酵培养基pH 7.2条件下,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌接种量、发酵时间、摇床转速、葡萄糖添加量和装液量对发酵产物的溶栓活性影响.在枯草芽孢杆菌接种量2.0％,发酵时间72 h,摇床转速160 r/min,葡萄糖添加量2.0％,鱿鱼墨发酵培养基装液量50 mL(100 mL锥形瓶)发酵条件下,鱿鱼墨枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液的溶栓活性与50.9 IU/mL尿激酶相当.     

盐度、温度和pH对2株海南地衣芽孢杆菌相对蛋白酶活性的影响

采用脱脂牛奶平板法,测定了不同盐度、温度和pH对2株分离白海南热带海水养殖系统的地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus lichen@rmis）Pb．WC09001和Pb—WC09002的相对蛋白酶活性的影响．结果表明：随着盐度的增加,2个菌株的相对蛋白酶活性都趋于减弱,当盐度增加到50时,仅Pb-WC09001还存在一定的酶活性,其相对蛋白酶活性为1．56U·mL-1,说明Pb—WC09001对高盐度环境的适应性更强．此外,还测定了在18～38℃（以4℃为梯度差）范围内菌株的相对蛋白酶活性,当在与菌体培养相同的温度下测定培养液的酶活时,Pb-WC09001与Pb—WC09002酶活性最高的温度均为34℃;当在30℃测定2个菌株在不同温度下的培养液酶活时,酶活性最高的培养液所对应的培养温度分别为22℃和30℃,说明这2个菌株在相同温度下可产生不同的蛋白酶,同时,Pb-WC09001在低温环境下的相对酶活性强于Pb-WC09002．在30℃、盐度30、菌体终浓度为2×10^3／mL时,Pb-WC09001在pH8．0、Pb—WC09002在pH7．5时的酶活性最高,相对酶活均为2．74U·mL-1,因此,Pb-WC09001对海水环境（pH8．0—8．4）的适应性更强．     

枯草芽孢杆菌2-3-2的抗线虫作用和产酶条件与酶特性

为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌2-3-2抗线虫作用与几丁质酶活的关系,对几丁质酶的产酶条件进行优化并探讨酶的特性,通过盆栽试验测定了抗线虫效果,用DNS定糖法测定了几丁质酶活力.实验结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌2-3-2对南方根结线虫防治效果显著,其抗线虫作用与几丁质酶活性呈正相关.几丁质酶产酶培养基组成为(g/L):胶体几丁质65,酵母膏1,葡萄糖5,KH2PO40.7,K2HPO40.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5,FeSO40.01,NaCl 0.5,微量盐1mL/L;起始pH 7.0,温度为30℃、培养时间为72h.与优化前相比,酶活性提高了1.59倍,达到35.17×10-10 mol/s.枯草芽孢杆菌2-3-2几丁质酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适pH为7.0;温度高于50℃及碱性条件下酶活力下降.     

高温芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶发酵条件及酶性质研究

从西藏尼木卡如林温泉附近土样中分离到一个碱性蛋白酶产生菌株SD-142．该菌株经初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌．在50℃条件下，以10％的接种量接种于发酵培养基中振荡培养48h后，发酵液中碱性蛋白酶活可达516U／mL．发酵培养基的组成成分为麦芽糖6％、豆饼粉3％、麸皮3％、Na2HPO4 0．4％、MgSO4 0．02％、CaCl2 0．02％，pH自然．对该酶的性质研究表明，其最适作用pH为9．5，最适反应温度为60℃，具有良好的pH稳定性和热稳定性，并且显示了与去污剂良好的相容性．     

一株α-淀粉酶产生菌株的分离鉴定及其产酶条件优化

从湖南省长沙县养殖场牛胃秸秆发酵物中筛选获得了一株高产α-淀粉酶的菌株,命名为SCUEC8.通过对其形态学观察和生理生化特性,结合16S rDNA序列对比分析,初步鉴定该菌为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).探讨了不同碳源、氮源、培养条件等因素对枯草芽孢杆菌SCUEC8菌株产酶的影响,结果表明：在培养时间为16 h、pH为6.0、培养温度为37℃、碳源为20.0 g·L^-1的麦芽糖、氮源为15.0 g·L^-1的胰蛋白胨、金属离子为1.0 g·L^-1的Mn²⁺时,枯草芽孢杆菌SCUEC8菌株生长量和α-淀粉酶的活性较高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with