谐振管对开口式热声发生器声学性能的影响研究

在传递矩阵模型中引入开口端非线性耗散模型对开口式行波热声发生器理论建模，得到了开口端阻抗实部、开口处体积流率及受末端几何形状影响的压力损失系数之间的关系．对系统谐振频率、内部压力幅值和出口外1 m处声压级的声学特性参数进行了理论分析，并对不同谐振管尺寸和不同锥管锥度进行了实验研究．分析讨论了谐振管长度和直径对系统谐振频率的影响，结果表明：理论模型可以反映谐振管尺寸对谐振频率的影响，计算值与实验值的误差小于5%．锥管可以有效减小开口端的能量损耗，进而显著提高热声装置内部的压力幅值和出口外1 m处声压级，在谐振管直径为46 mm、长度为730 mm及40°锥管情况下，出口外1 m处声压级可以达到110.2 dB.     

双驱动热声热机谐振管中声波的传播特性研究

分析了双驱动热声热机谐振管中声波的传播特性,通过分析指出,对于双驱动的热声热机,可以通过改变其反射系数和驱动声源的驱动相位差,进而实现谐振管声场的声压幅值和声场相位的改变.理论研究表明,在|rp|=0.3,相位差为σπ=0.5π时的声压幅值大于σπ=π的声压幅值;而在σπ=0.5π时,声场幅值随反射系数|rp|的增大而增大.实验研究表明,在相位差σπ为常数时,通过改变不同的反射系数值,就可以实现谐振管中声场的调节;在反射系数|rp|为常数时,通过改变谐振管两边驱动声源的驱动电压值,也可以实现声场幅值和相位差的调节.这样就有利于调节结构已经确定的微型热声热机的最佳声场分布,使其达到最优热声转换效率,实现微型双驱动热声制冷机热声制冷效率的最优化.     

热声谐振管的有源热声网络模型研究

根据流体力学基本方程组建立了采用平行板叠结构回热器的热声谐振管的有源热声网络模型,为热声谐振管与制冷机的优化匹配提供了一种有效的理论工具     

高频热声发动机的声耦合特性

将协同理论引入高频热声发动机的耦合研究中,基于协同理论得出对高频热声发动机耦合的重要影响参数;建立2列热声振荡器在同一个谐振腔中声耦合的数值研究模型,分析高频热声发动机初始相位差及间距、谐振腔长度以及谐振管长度对声耦合作用的影响。研究结果表明:对高频热声发动机耦合有重要影响的参数有热声发动机间的初始相位差、谐振频率以及耦合强度,高频热声发动机间距对协同影响较小;在保持模型直径、管壁粗糙度等尺寸结构不变的条件下,当谐振腔长度为6 cm时出现协同现象;当谐振腔长度为6 cm时,改变谐振管的长度,谐振频率差对耦合的影响很大,协同状态消失并出现拍频现象,拍频与2列热声振荡器的谐振频率差近似呈线性关系。     

谐振管形状对热声声场能量的影响

讨论了热声热机谐振管声场中基频能量的漂移现象,对不同形状谐振管中声场分布进行了理论研究,分析了声源在指数型号筒中输送声波的条件,指出其频率必须大于号筒截止频率.结果表明:a.指数型号筒具有抑制高低次谐波的作用;b.谐振管形状的配置原则为:在声源前面布置一段渐缩声管,然后依次是过渡声管、渐扩声管,这样就可以在谐振管中得到一定频带范围内(fc1＜f＜fc2)的声波频率,实现阻抗的匹配,符合整个声谐振管阻抗匹配要求;c.从实验上验证了把等截面谐振管变为变截面谐振管有助于对基频能量漂移的抑制.     

3kHz微型驻波热声发动机的实验研究

以芯片冷却为应用背景,在线性热声学理论的指导下,以降低起振温度、获得较高的热声转换效率为目标,进行了机型的选择和热声热机核心段的设计.研制了一台3.3kHz微型驻波热声发动机,长度为55mm,由加热器、回热器、冷却器及谐振管4部分组成.在9W的加热量下,热端温度78℃时该发动机产生自激振荡,起振温差为26℃.稳定运行后...     

热声谐振管的实验研究

以氮气为工质进行了热声谐振管的自激振荡实验 ,通过实验对热声谐振管的起振温度差、自激振荡频率和压力振幅进行了研究 ,研究结果表明 ,热声谐振管的自激振荡频率随着驻波管长度的增加而减小 ,当驻波管长为 2 .2 7m时 ,振荡频率为 65.8Hz;当驻波管长为 3 .77m时 ,振荡频率为 4 2 .1 Hz;热声谐振管的振幅随着回热器两端温度差的增加而增加 ,实验中达到的最大压力振幅为充气压力的 4 .95% ;回热器两端的起振温度差受到充气压力的影响 ,实验中当充气压力为 4× 1 0 5Pa时起振温度差最小 .     

热声热机谐振管截止频率选择机理

通过波导管理论的推导，对热声热机中谐振管的截止频率选择机理进行研究，导出谐振管中传播一维平面波的频率传播范围，阐述热声热机谐振管中一维平面波的传播机理，即谐振管截止频率选择的理论依据。理论研究结果表明：对于同样等效直径的矩形谐振管，其截止频率远大于圆形谐振波导管的截止频率；对于等效半径为2mm的微型热声制冷机的谐振管，当声速为343m／s时，谐振管的截止频率为50248Hz，实际的工作频率5500Hz，远小于谐振管的截止频率；在热声热机谐振波导管中只存在一维平面波传播，有利于合理布置热声热机的其他部件，达到优化热声热机的目的。     

热声热机结构动力学分析

利用商业软件ANSYS建立热声热机模型,从结构动力学角度进行模拟研究,对其进行结构静力、模态和谐响应分析。在热声系统的关键位置布置监测点,得到热声系统内部位移、应力和应变等参数随压力和频率的变化关系。研究结果表明:随着充气压力的提升,应力应变基本呈现线性增大的趋势,且峰值点一一对应。随着结构模态的提高,热声热机的应力和应变因位置的不同而存在差异;热声系统的3阶和4阶模态下固有频率接近气体介质的振荡频率;由谐振管内表面布置的监测点所得结果可知,高密度的气体介质的振荡会在回热器中产生振动激励和声激励,并作用于谐振管,使声波和固体介质产生共振和耦合。     

热声谐振管的实验研究

以氮气为工质进行了热声谐振管的自激振荡实验，通过实验对热声谐振管的起振温度差、自激振荡频率和压力振幅进行了研究，研究结果表明，热声谐振管的自激振荡频率随着驻波管长度的增加而减小，当驻波管长为２．２７m时，振荡频率为６５．８Ｈz；当驻波管长为３．７７m时，振荡频率为４２．１Ｈz；热声谐振管的振幅随着回热器两端温度差的增加而增加，实验中达到最大压力振幅为充气压力的４．９５％；回热器两端的起振温度差受到充气     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~