非饱和黄土场地水分入渗规律及影响因素的现场试验与数值模拟

为了探究非饱和黄土场地水分入渗规律及其影响因素,为黄土地区因水分入渗作用导致的各类滑坡和工程地质灾害研究提供参考。在非饱和黄土场地现场开展水分入渗试验,获得不同深度水分计监测信息,探讨非饱和黄土场地水分运移规律;结合数值模拟扩展研究不同浸水类型及不同浸水量对水分入渗规律的影响。结果表明：不同深度土体的体积含水率随时间关系曲线呈现出四个阶段变化特征,区别在于各阶段时间的长短和体积含水量峰值的大小;非饱和入渗时,渗透扩散速率随着深度的增加逐渐衰减,且衰减速率较大;不同浸水类型的入渗深度及宽度在短时间内会存在差异,对最终入渗深度及宽度并没有影响;随着浸水量的增加,入渗深度和宽度不断增加,但增加幅度不断减小,非饱和黄土场地水分入渗深度及宽度是有限的。     

双环法测定单一均质土层渗透曲线的变化规律

介绍了双环法测定岩土渗透性的试验装置及其试验原理,分析了使用双环法测定某一建设项目地基土层岩土渗透性所得的渗透曲线,根据渗透曲线表现出整体变化趋势及速率,得出了该渗透曲线变化阶段可分为变化阶段和稳定阶段两个部分,其对应的入渗过程可分为非饱和土壤入渗与饱和土壤入渗的结论。     

非饱和-饱和区域中重金属污染物运移数值模拟

为了定量整体描述非饱和-饱和区域内水流及溶质迁移过程,在基于非饱和流动理论及溶质运移理论基础上,建立了非饱和-饱和区域内水流方程与重金属污染物运移方程耦合的数学模型。采用V-G模型来描述土壤水分特征函数.用Lagrange-Quadratic方法进行求解并给出模拟结果:分析结果表明,在非饱和-饱和区域内的压力水头、饱和度以及污染物阻滞因子等参数均随含水率的变化而改变,这是区别于饱和流的主要特点。     

降雨条件下饱和-非饱和土坡的渗流分析

运用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元法模拟降雨条件下饱和-非饱和土坡暂态渗流场的变化情况,分析了降雨强度、降雨持时以及土壤饱和渗透系数等参数对非饱和土坡基质吸力的影响。分析结果表明:雨水入渗引起土壤基质吸力的大量丧失;降雨强度对饱和渗透系数较大土坡的基质吸力变化的影响较小。     

饱和与非饱和带土壤水动力耦合模拟及入渗试验

利用可变坡土槽人工降水入渗试验,观测土壤水势及地下水出流量变化,建立了饱和与非饱和带土壤水数值计算模型MODFLOW-UZF1的参数率定及模型验证方法.结果表明:MODFLOW-UZF1能较为准确地模拟降水入渗补给过程,但忽略了非饱和带土壤水分运移中基质势的影响,在毛细管作用带土壤含水量模拟效果较差.     

降雨条件下饱和-非饱和土坡的渗流分析

运用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元法模拟降雨条件下饱和-非饱和土坡暂态渗流场的变化情况,分析降雨强度、降雨历时以及土壤饱和渗透系数等参数对非饱和土坡基质吸力的影响.分析结果表明:当饱和渗透系数较大、降雨强度小时,降雨入渗充分,孔隙水压力梯度变化大;饱和渗透性小时,降雨影响的深度变浅,基质吸力逐渐丧失;降雨初期,孔隙水压力梯度变化最明显,在降雨8 h之后,基质吸力完全丧失,对于土坡稳定安全不利.     

基于渗流分析的湿陷性黄土地区城际轨道地基处理范围

通过一维渗流土柱试验和数值模拟分析,开展了压实黄土渗流特性及湿陷性黄土地区城际轨道地基处理范围研究。试验结果表明:压实系数对非饱和黄土的渗流影响显著。湿润峰随着时间的变化有两个阶段,快速入渗和缓慢入渗。对压实系数较大的黄土,当湿润峰推进到50 cm后,水分入渗速率进入缓慢阶段。当入渗边界水头较小时,不同的边界水头对压实的黄土渗流规律影响不大。综合分析试验结果及数值分析得到:城际轨道地基采用挤密桩处理时,外放尺寸可按规范取最小值2 m,不必按处理深度的一半取值。对于乙、丙类建筑物或非高等级的线性工程,在满足承载力要求下可采用减小地基处理深度、增大地基处理宽度的处理方式。研究成果可为优化深厚湿陷性黄土地区城际轨道工程地基处理范围提供参考。     

入渗水头对垂直一维入渗Philip模型参数的影响

以非饱和土壤水分运动理论为基础,建立垂直一维入渗土壤水分运动的数学模型,对不同入渗水头条件下多种典型土壤垂直一维入渗特性进行模拟,模拟结果采用Philip模型拟合.结果表明:入渗水头对吸渗率、稳渗率有一定影响,提出了包括入渗水头和饱和导水率的Philip模型参数的确定方法.利用已有文献资料对所建模型进行验证,结果表明:所建模型能较简单地确定吸渗率和稳渗率,可以较准确地反映土壤水分垂直一维入渗特点.     

不同影响因素下砂夹垆土壤水分运动的模拟分析

为进一步认识砂夹垆土壤水分运动的基本规律,采用数值模拟的方法,研究夹层土质、夹层埋深、夹层厚度、初始含水率和压力水头对砂夹垆土壤水分运动的影响.结果表明,砂夹垆土壤水分运动与均质土存在较大差异,入渗过程表现为与均质土相同阶段、阻水减渗阶段和稳渗阶段;湿润锋进入夹层后,累积入渗量与入渗时间符合线性关系;土壤初始含水率和压力水头对砂夹垆土壤水分运动影响较小,夹层土质、夹层厚度和夹层埋深对砂夹垆土壤水分运动影响较大.在节水灌溉技术和工程防渗技术中,应重点考虑夹层质地、厚度和埋深.     

积水和降雨下非饱和重塑黄土水分入渗模拟

为合理预测积水和降雨情况下非饱和重塑黄土水分迁移过程,在已有模型基础上,提出了能合理考虑浸润锋处吸力作用和水分剖面形状的改进模型,并给出了该模型计算方法以及求解Richard方程数值方法所需渗透参数的可靠确定方法.研究结果表明:与已有模型相比,改进模型能更准确地预测室内一维非饱和重塑黄土土柱积水入渗试验中浸润锋迁移过程和各测点水分变化过程;采用改进浸润锋前进法获得的非饱和渗透系数函数,比采用根据室内饱和渗透试验和持水曲线间接获得的参数所得预测结果更为准确;降雨分析中,改进模型得到径流发生后的水分剖面基本接近于数值方法分析结果,特别是在试样干密度比较大的情况.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the