电介质薄膜导热系数的尺寸效应

为研究电介质薄膜中的导热机制以及薄膜厚度对导热系数的影响 ,以氩的 FCC晶体为模型 ,采用分子动力学方法计算了厚度约为 2～ 10 nm的薄膜的法向导热系数。计算得到对应于 12 0 K的薄膜导热系数显著低于大体积实验值 ,并随薄膜厚度的减小而降低 ;即纳米薄膜的晶格导热系数具有明显的尺寸效应。当薄膜厚度减小至纳米量级时 ,即使在较高温情况下 1.3ΘD,晶体边界对声子的散射也将起重要作用。对氩晶体分别选取了 L ennard- Jones作用势和一种软球作用势 ,考察了不同势能模型对于模拟结果的影响     

超薄氩膜热传导的分子动力学模拟

采用基于经典理论的平衡态分子动力学(EMD))方法，在无量子化修正的条件下，计算了固态氩(Ar)在低于其Debye温度(92K)下的导热系数．温度在20K以上时，模拟结果和实验值吻合较好，说明固态Ar的量子化效应对其热传导性能影响不大，温度低于20K时，由于模拟区域对长波声子的裁剪作用使得模拟结果比实验值低．在此基础上，使用经典分子动力学基于三向、两向周期性边界条件的各向异性非平衡态薄膜模型，模拟了超薄Ar膜在40K的导热系数，2种模型给出了具有相同变化趋势的薄膜热传导特性曲线，即：随着膜厚的增加，导热系数增大，且模拟结果同模拟区域横截面大小无关．在相同条件下，2种模型得到的氩膜导热系数相差10％左右．     

金纳米薄膜面向导热系数的实验研究

基于电子束物理气相沉积法制备纳米薄膜的悬浮工艺，采用一维稳态恒热流加热法实验测量了80—300K厚度为23nm金薄膜的面向导热系数．研究表明金纳米薄膜的面向导热系数有非常显著的尺寸效应：金纳米薄膜的面向导热系数大大低于体材料的值，并且导热系数随温度的升高而增大，这一趋势与体材料导热系数的温度依赖性相反；同时，金纳米薄膜的Lorenz数大约为体材料值的3倍，并且随着温度的升高有减小的趋势，表明Wiedemann-Franz定律对于金纳米薄膜不再适用．     

填充氩后单壁碳纳米管的导热系数

采用平衡态分子动力学(EMD)模拟方法,计算了填充氩后的(10,10)型和(15,15)型的单壁碳纳米管分别在不同温度下的导热系数.研究了它们随温度的变化情况,并将其与相应的空的碳纳米管的导热系数进行比较,分析在相同温度下,充氩对碳纳米管导热系数的影响.模拟结果发现:在500~1 200 K的温度范围内,(10,10)型碳纳米管和(15,15)型碳纳米管在填充了氩后其导热系数值均随着温度的升高呈下降趋势,这与空的碳纳米管的导热系数随温度的变化关系相似;在相同温度下,这2种类型的碳纳米管在填充了氩后的导热系数值均比相应的空的碳纳米管的导热系数值明显高很多.     

金刚石导热系数的各向同性分子动力学模拟

针对描述金刚石原子间作用力的Tersoff作用势,建立了对应的各向同性非平衡态分子动力学外加力场模型,并采用这种模型模拟了金刚石的导热系数.模拟结果显示:在施加外加扰动力场后,沿力场方向的热流迅速增大并收敛;外加力场越大,相应力场作用下的导热系数的模拟结果越小,金刚石导热系数与外加力场大小呈二次衰减指数关系.与平衡态分子动力学模拟相比,各向同性非平衡分子动力学方法可节省计算机模拟时间约80%;而且对于三维结构,2种方法的模拟结果较为一致,但2种模拟结果均小于实验值,这主要是由描述原子间作用力的Tersoff作用势的非谐性所致.     

晶格失配对超晶格法向导热系数影响的分子动力学模拟

采用非平衡态分子动力学方法模拟了超晶格的法向导热系数随周期长度的变化关系.模拟结果表明,在晶格匹配的超晶格中,当周期长度同声子平均自由程相当时,超晶格导热系数将出现最小值.而对于具有4%晶格失配的超晶格模拟结果却表明,超晶格导热系数随周期长度的增大而单调上升.这一研究结果表明,材料的晶格失配是大多数实验研究中没有发现超晶格最小导热系数的主要原因.     

用分子动力学方法预测硅纳米薄膜的热导率

采用非平衡分子动力学方法,基于优化的集成势函数COMPASS力场,预测了室温下(300K)硅纳米薄膜的热导率.模拟结果表明:厚度约4~10nm的硅薄膜的热导率在3.06~7.28 W/(m·K)范围,并且随着膜厚的增加而增大,表现出明显的尺度效应.在所计算的薄膜厚度范围内,硅纳米薄膜的热导率与薄膜厚度呈现近似线性变化的关系.应用气动理论对产生的尺度效应进行了初步的理论分析,当薄膜厚度在几纳米到十几纳米时,有效声子平均自由程与膜厚有关,不再等于体材料的平均自由程.同时也将本文的预测结果与其他研究者采用Stillinger-Weber势所进行的模拟结果进行了比较.为分子动力学方法在低维材料热物性方面的研究提供了有益的参考.     

颗粒尺寸与表面吸附对低浓度非金属纳米颗粒悬浮液有效导热系数的影响

运用纳米颗粒导热系数模型和颗粒吸附液体时厚度的Langmuir公式,同时考虑由颗粒Brown运动引起的颗粒输运过程等因素,分析了低浓度非金属纳米颗粒悬浮液导热系数增强的机理,建立了有效导热系数模型.分析结果表明,尺寸效应和吸附作用是悬浮液导热系数增加的重要原因,而颗粒输运过程对悬浮液导热系数增加的贡献则很小.文中提出的有效导热系数模型尚未考虑颗粒团聚的因素.     

声子聚焦效应对薄膜间接触热阻尺寸效应的影响

采用非平衡态分子动力学方法,模拟计算了多层石墨烯之间和硅薄膜之间的接触热导随薄膜厚度增长的变化趋势.模拟结果显示,多层石墨烯之间的接触热导在厚度方向有显著的尺寸效应,随着厚度的增大,接触热导显著增大,而硅薄膜之间的接触热导随着厚度的增大没有明显变化.另外,根据声子辐射理论,采用各向异性的Debye模型,定义了接触热导尺寸效应强度α,并计算了尺寸效应强度随薄膜厚度增长的变化趋势.结果显示,声子聚焦效应对薄膜间接触热导的尺寸效应有很大影响.该结论有助于建立薄膜之间的接触热导模型和调控纳米复合材料的传热学性质.     

双组分纳米流体导热系数研究

采用共混法在氨水中制备了稳定的碳纳米管颗粒悬浮液(双组分纳米流体),并利用瞬态热丝法测量了不同条件下的双组分纳米流体的导热系数,系统研究了颗粒质量分数、氨水质量分数、温度等因素对双组分纳米流体导热系数的影响.实验结果表明,碳纳米管的加入极大地提高了基础液体-氨水的导热系数.在此基础上,结合已有文献中关于纳米流体导热系数的计算模型对双组分纳米流体的导热系数进行了模拟计算,并对模拟数据和实验数据进行了对比.结果发现,通过对模型参数的调整,微对流模型可以准确计算双组分纳米流体的导热系数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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