球形和楔形光纤探针耦合特性实

采用实验方法测量了球形光纤与楔形光纤的耦合效率,得出耦合效率随楔形光纤的楔角及球形光纤弓形高变化曲线.通过实验可得,楔形与球形光纤的耦合效率随楔角增加而增大,当楔角由20.6°增大到30.3°以及楔角由40.6°增大到55.2°时,耦合效率曲线呈较快速上升趋势,由30.3°增大到40.6°以及楔角由55.2°增大到76.5°时,耦合效率曲线上升趋势较缓;随着球形光纤弓形高的增加,球形与楔形光纤的耦合效率基本上线性上升;耦合效率随着楔形与球形光纤的间距的减小而增大,当间距由0.09mm减小到0.05mm时,耦合效率曲线呈较快速上升趋势,由0.04mm减小到0.01mm时,耦合效率曲线呈下降趋势.     

一种手动野外反射光谱测量装置在地表测量中的应用

为了在野外准确地测量地表的双向反射系数(BRF),在这里介绍了由角度测量装置、ASD光谱仪组成的对地光谱测量系统。测量装置的探测方向可以在同一平面内以天顶方向为起点±90°旋转,精度为1.5°,同时可以在0.2～1.5m之间调节测量高度。在探头方向固定ASD地物光谱仪光纤,可以通过改变探测管调节实际测量视场角,使测量时视场角范围变化在8°～25°。该测量系统可以测量地表目标样品的直径范围为5～50cm。同时,通过在探头方向增加的偏振装置可以实现对地表的偏振测量。     

光纤陀螺捷联惯组姿态算法改进研究

采用陀螺角增量信号来进行设计的传统的捷联姿态算法,应用于输出为角速率的干涉型光纤陀螺构成的捷联姿态系统时,不仅在精度上存在局限,而且还由于通过角速率提取角增量而带来更大误差。为此,提出了一种仅以角速率为输入信号,双回路迭代新算法,并在典型圆锥运动条件下以算法漂移误差最小为优化准则,推导了新算法相应的圆锥补偿系数方程和算法误差表达式。仿真结果表明,所设计的改进新算法相比于同角速率抽样值的常规角速率输入的圆锥补偿算法精度显著提高。新算法的提出为光纤陀螺捷联惯组圆锥误差补偿提供了一种新的思路。     

内螺旋刀翼PDC钻头研究

针对自掩埋钻井新方法需要内排屑的问题,采用螺旋刀翼、内锥面、中心腔体等结构设计内螺旋刀翼PDC钻头,研究刀翼螺旋升角的变化规律,分析岩屑在刀翼刃部和刀翼面上的受力,建立岩屑推动力与刀翼螺旋升角的关系,优化刀翼螺旋升角,并进行台架实验。结果表明:内螺旋刀翼PDC钻头刀翼螺旋升角的理想设计范围为9°~52°,考虑加工和排屑通道大小等影响因素,其合理的设计范围为26°~52°,研制的钻头能迫使岩屑向其中心运移,并实现岩屑的良好流动,满足内排屑要求。     

镁电解过程氯气喷射角及流体流动的水力模拟

Mg熔盐电解过程中,两极产物镁和氯气的分离效果与阳极气泡的运动特征及电解质的循环状况关系密切。本实验采用石英透明电解槽对MgCl_2电解过程中阳极气泡析出的物理过程和氯气喷射角进行观测;并用水力模拟方法研究工艺和结构因数对流体流动状态的影响。高温电解实验观测得氯气喷射角为5°～10°,且不随阳极倾斜发生变化;水力模拟测得氯气喷射角为10°～15°。本研究所揭示的这些物理过程和工艺因数的影响可为镁电解槽结构优化设计提供理论依据。     

刀具前角对切削加工振动的影响（英文）

对机械加工中刀具前角对切削加工振动的影响进行了系统的实验研究和相应的理论分析,结果表明：随着刀具前角增加切削加工振动的振幅逐渐减小．当刀具前角γ０ ＜ ０°时,最大振幅产生在Ｖ＝ ５０～７０ｍ ／ｍ ｉｎ;而当γ０ ≥０°时,最大振幅产生在Ｖ＝ １６０～１８０ｍ ／ｍ ｉｎ．为精密和超精密加工中有效地抑制或避免切削振动提供了理论与实验依据     

红外空心传能光纤聚焦系统的设计与优化

为了进一步提高光纤传输激光的效率,通过改善中红外光纤输出激光时的光斑及发散角的大小设计了双透镜和两种三透镜光学聚焦系统,并得到相应的光斑图形.运用MATLAB软件对实测的光斑进行模拟计算,得到了光斑的强度分布图,通过分析计算不同聚焦系统中的不同位置处光斑的大小,计算井得到了光束发散角.实验结果表明,3种方案中凸凹凸三透镜聚焦系统效果最佳,输出的光斑直径为0.33 mm,光束的发散角为042°,提高了耦合效率,降低了传输能量的损耗.     

工艺参数对楔横轧螺旋齿轴成形的影响

根据楔横轧轧制过程金属体积不变原则,设计固定螺旋升角和变螺旋升角的实验模具,分别用圆坯料和内凹锥坯料在H630楔横轧机上进行梯形螺旋齿轴的轧制实验。研究结果表明:采用圆坯料进行轧制时,易产生轧件齿高不均、螺距不均等缺陷,而内凹圆坯料可以解决齿高不均的问题,最终获得轧制合格齿形的坯料直径经验公式。模具螺旋升角是影响轧件齿形质量的重要参数,模具螺旋升角采用轧件螺旋升角时,轧件齿形端部螺距变大,且出现螺旋痕缺陷。模具螺旋升角选用轧件瞬时直径对应的螺旋升角时,轧件螺距均匀、无螺旋痕缺陷。因此进行楔横轧梯形螺旋齿轴轧制时,选择合适直径的内凹圆锥坯料,采用瞬时变化螺旋升角值,能得到齿形较好的轧件。     

准圆锥摆运动中摆角的测量

借助3个位移传感器,利用矢量积推导出一种近似算法,实现了准圆锥摆运动中摆角的测量.针对实际应用中测量结果误差较大(介于±0.10°)的问题,从计算公式的近似误差、传感器的倾角、传感器的灵敏度变化和零位漂移以及设备的机械加工和装配精度4个方面,分析了它们对于测量结果的影响,得出误差主要来源于传感器的灵敏度变化.给出了后续改进方案,使得测量精度提高到±0.02°的范围.     

测量双棱镜楔角的实验设计与实践

以实验室常用光学元件双棱镜作为研究对象,讨论了自准直法、折射法和等厚干涉法三种测量双棱镜楔角的实验方案并进行了实际的测量.其双棱楔角值分别为29.7′±0.1′,30.0′±0.2′,30.4′±0.1′,每种方法都存在一定的误差,误差来源于系统误差与偶然误差两个方面.测量精度更高的两种方法是等厚干涉直接测量法和激光干涉法,测量精度可达到0.1弧秒的数量级.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that