关于（m,n）内射模的一些结果

对于两个正整数m和n，一个右R模M称为(m，n)内射模，如果从n个生成元的R^m模的子模到M的每个R同态映射都可以延拓为从R^m到M的同态映射,刻画了交换环上(m，n)内射模的性质。     

由半对偶化双模诱导的范畴之间的等价（英文）

设_SC_R是一般结合环R和S上的半对偶化双模.给出了由半对偶化双模C诱导的两个范畴之间的R等价.由此得出当C是忠实的半对偶化双模时,由C诱导的Auslander类是由满足Tor≥R1(C,M)=0的左R-模M构成的,而由C诱导的Bass类是由满足Ext≥R1(C,N)=0的左S-模N构成的.最后,本文得出在R一定条件下,半对偶化双模_SC_R是一*∞-模.     

实紧空间X与C(X)到R的Riesz同态

设X是拓扑空间,C(X)是X上所有实值连续函数的全体,在本文中证明了,X是实验紧空间当且仅当,对于每一个Riesz同态φC(X)～R且φ(1x)=1,皆存在唯一一点x∈X,使得φf)=f(x)(f∈C(X))。设X是实紧空间,令Ω是所有C(X)到R的Riesz同态φ且φ(1x)-1的全体.当赋予Ω某一弱拓扑后,证明了Ω同胚于X。     

基于蕴涵算子上的模糊子环与模糊理想

为了将通常的模糊子环(理想)推广到蕴涵算子上的模糊子环,首先给出了基于蕴涵算子上的R—模糊子环和R—模糊理想的定义。然后采用了公理化的方法,利用模糊集截集及蕴涵算子的性质,获得了当R(x,y)对变量x递减(递增)时两个R—模糊子环(理想)的交(并)仍是R—模糊子环(理想);R—模糊子环(理想)的满同态像仍是R为模糊子环(理想),R—模糊子环(理想)的同态原像仍是R—模糊子环(理想)。这些结果有较重要的理论价值及应用前景。     

关于根环类决定的上根及其余根

本文只研究结合环。记号I刀R表示I是环R的理想,I毕R表示I不是环尸的理想,环R的同态像用R/I表示,对于一个环类M记 日M=笼RI每个O午R/I必M务,一个环类M,若M中环的所有理想也在M中,称M为遗传环类,若M中环的所有同态像仍属于M,称M是同态闭的。 我们知道,若环类M满足〔1,P。〕所述的(E)条件: “对每个刀〔M,若。年I刀R,则JO年I/J〔M”那么,可由M决定kypo坦意义下的根性质,,这时UM表示一切,一根环的集合,有时也记UM二下。 众所周知,一个根性质丫总可以看成是由所有v一半单环组成的类M所决定的上根,特别,当下是著名的古典根时一样…     

拟环上模糊正规R子群的模糊同态

本文首先定义了两个拟环之间的模糊同态映射，基于这种模糊同态，证明了模糊正规右(左)R子群 与模糊右(左)R子群同构，于是任何一个模糊右(左)R子群均是一个模糊正规右(左)R子群，     

半群的R-模糊理想

R-蕴涵算子与半群的模糊理想相结合引入半群的R-模糊理想的定义,得到了当R(x,y)对变量x递减时,两个半群的R-模糊理想的交仍是半群的R-模糊理想,当R(xy,)对变量x递增时,两个半群的R-模糊理想的并仍是半群的R-模糊理想的相关定理及推论。基于半群同态的定义,研究了R-模糊理想的满同态像及同态原像的相关性质,推出半群的R-模糊理想的满同态像及同态原像仍是半群的R-模糊理想;最后给出半群的R-模糊理想在8个蕴涵算子上的特征刻画。     

格的L—fuzzy集表示

[2]提出了一般格的表示论,[3]提出了De—Morgan代数的广义Fuzzy集的表示,本文对一般格的L—fuzzy集表示作了初步探讨,并把[3]中的某些结果推广到一般格上。本文始终假设F_L(x)是论域X上L—fuzzy集全体所作成的格,其中L是一个完全分配格。定义1 一个格R到F_L(X)的子格上的同态φ,称为格R按X的L—集同态表示,特别地,在同构时,称为L—集同构表示(本文以下把L—集同态表示简称为L—表示)。     

L-集上的模糊泛代数

引入模糊集上模糊泛代数的概念,比如商代数、同态映射、同余关系、幂代数等,并对它们的性质进行研究,最后证明对任意的L-集A上的同余关系R,存在从P(A)/R~+到P(A/R)的满同态映射.     

同态性质的探讨

同态与同构一样,是近世代数中常用方法。本文给出同态的几个性质,它有助于加深对群、环的认识。文中所指同态均为满的。性质1 设R与R′为环,f为R到R′的同态映射,A为R的最大理想,那么A′=f(A)为R′的最大理想(?)A′为R′真理想。证 (?)显然。 (?)反证法。设A′不为R′的最大理想,则存在B′为R′的理想,且有     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has