基于SQ2染料与P3HT的固态染料敏化太阳能电池

将近红外吸收染料SQ2与可见光吸收空穴传输材料P3HT结合起来制备固态染料敏化太阳能电池,并用锂盐对TiO2/SQ2表面进行处理来调节器件的光伏性能.通过模拟太阳光照射测试和单色光量子转换效率(IPCE)测试来研究器件的光电性能.测试结果表明,经过锂盐处理后,器件的短路电流(JSC)、填充因子(FF)和转换效率都获得提升.IPCE测试显示,经过锂盐处理后器件在P3HT吸收光谱范围内产生的量子效率没有变化,但在SQ2吸收光谱范围内产生的量子效率明显提升.通过分析得出结论是：锂盐处理不能提高P3HT所吸收的光量子转换效率,但可以提升SQ2染料所吸收的光量子转换效率,进而提高了固态染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率.     

太阳电池的研究和应用进展

简要介绍了太阳电池工作原理 ,并对现有太阳电池进行了分类。综述了现阶段国内外太阳电池的研究和应用进展     

TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>@MgO core-shell film: Fabrication and application to dye-sensitized solar cells

In this study,TiO2@MgO core-shell film was obtained by using a simple chemical bath deposition method to coat a thin MgO film around TiO2 nanoparticles. The core-shell configuration was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD),scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX),and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Lattice fringes were observed for the TiO2 particles,and the MgO shell showed an amorphous structure,revealing a clear distinction between the core and shell materials. Applying the core-shell film as photoanode to the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs),it shows a superior performance compared to the pure TiO2 electrode. Under the illumination of simulated sunlight (75 mW-cm-2),the short circuit photocurrent (Jsc),the open circuit photovoltage (Voc),and the fill factor (fF) are 8.80 mA-cm-2,646 mV,and 0.69,respectively,and the conversion efficiency (η) in-creased by 21.8% (from 4.32% to 5.26%) when dipping for opti-mum condition.     

聚光和非聚光太阳能光伏电池发电实验比较

本文主要比较了聚光和非聚光条件下太阳能光伏电池的伏安特性以及光伏系统的发电性能。实验结果表明,采用平面镜反射的低倍聚光方式可以增加常规太阳能光伏电池的输出功率．而且能改善光伏发电系统的可靠性,有效增加光伏发电系统的日发电量。     

CdTe包覆TiO2纳米棒壳核结构有序阵列与P3HT杂化太阳电池研究

采用水热法在含氟二氧化锡导电玻璃(FTO)上制备了有序的金红石型TiO2纳米棒阵列,在TiO2纳米棒阵列上电沉积CdTe纳米晶构成了CdTe包覆TiO2壳核式纳米棒阵列(CdTe/TiO2),然后将聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)的氯苯溶液旋涂到CdTe/TiO2壳核式纳米棒阵列上构成P3HT包覆CdTe/TiO2壳核式纳米棒阵列的复合结构(P3HT/CdTe/TiO2),在P3HT/CdTe/TiO2壳核式纳米棒阵列复合结构上使用离子溅射法喷镀Au膜构制Au-P3HT/CdTe/TiO2结构的杂化太阳电池,实验测得以Au-P3HT/CdTe/TiO2结构组装的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率为0.91%。     

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on pyridine or imidazole containing copolymer chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on chemically crosslinking with backbone polymers of poly(vinylpyridine-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VP-co-AN)) or poly(vinylimidazole-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VIM-co- AN)) and diiodide compounds of I(CH2)6I or I(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2I solidified EC/PC/KI/I2 gel electrolytes have been fabricated. The ionic conductivities and apparent diffusion coefficients of I3? of the electro- lytes and cell performances have been investigated. Providing chemically crosslinking points, pyridine or imidazole from the backbone polymers benefited the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the cells. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiencies of the quasi-solid DSSCs improved over 10% even near 20% from that of the liquid electrolyte before solidification. Besides, the employing of crosslinker I(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2I showed higher electrolytic and cell characters than that of I(CH2)6I.     

水泡梅太阳能干燥的试验研究

文章提出了一种空气集热器-温室型强制对流太阳能干燥装置，并在云南洱源的气候条件下验证了水泡梅太阳能干燥的可行性，从2003年3月到5月问，进行了一系列的试验，试验表明，和传统的露天自然摊晒相比，干燥周期从48天缩短到15天，干燥质量也有大幅度的提高。     

Effects of Au nanoparticle addition to hole transfer layer in organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine and fullerene

Organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine(CuNc) and fullerene(C60) were fabricated, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. C60 and CuNc were used as n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectively. In addition, the effect of Au nanoparticle addition on a hole transfer layer was investigated, and the power conversion efficiency of the devices was improved after blending the Au nanoparticles into the hole transport layer. Nanostructures of Au nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Energy levels of molecules were calculated by molecular orbital calculations, and the nanostructure and electronic properties were discussed.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

基于多功能层TiO2薄膜增强染料敏化太阳能电池性能?

利用粒径为20和200nm TiO2在导电玻璃表面制备光阳极的光透明层薄膜、混合层薄膜以及散射层薄膜,通过有效地调整3种薄膜结构进而制备了染料敏化太阳能电池.研究表明,多功能层TiO2膜结构大幅度地提升了光电流,而且电子在多功能层TiO2膜内的界面传输阻抗较低.将3种薄膜有效结合并控制其厚度,可以有效地提高染料敏化太阳能电池的性能,在AM1.5,光强度为100 mW·cm-2的条件下,染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率可以提升至5.29%,电流密度达到11.7mA·cm-2.     

MoS2单晶薄膜的制备及生长机制研究

通过研究二维MoS₂薄膜的制备工艺参数以及生长规律,为过渡金属硫化物薄膜的制备工艺提供技术经验。采用化学气相沉积法,以MoO₃和S粉为前驱体,通过调控载气流速、保温时间和MoO₃的质量,制备一系列MoS₂薄膜。利用光学显微镜、拉曼光谱仪、光致发光光谱仪、原子力显微镜等测试设备对MoS₂薄膜的层数和结构进行表征;分析了工艺参数对MoS₂薄膜的影响,探索了中心成核的生长机制。结果表明,在载气流速为110 mL/min、保温时间为10 min、MoO₃的质量为2.5 mg的条件下,得到的MoS₂薄膜最优。同一衬底上存在不同厚度的连续的MoS₂薄膜。通过控制前驱体的比例和适当的工艺参数可以制备长度为100 μm甚至更大尺寸的单层MoS₂薄膜。     

N_2/H_2比对化学气相沉积氮化钛涂层的影响

本文研究了N_2/H_2比对氮化钛涂层的晶格常数、硬度、沉积速率的影响,在N_2/H_2≈1/2时得到组成近似于化学计量的氮化钛,涂层硬度和沉积速率最高,涂层模具的寿命比不涂层的可提高4倍。     

硅源加入方式对Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构制备的影响及磁性能研究

表面包覆惰性层是解决四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)粒子团聚、易氧化、亲水性差等问题的一种有效方法,但惰性层的引入一般会导致包覆后样品磁性能下降,从而限制了Fe3O4的应用.以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和氨水为原料,制备了具有良好磁响应性的Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构.样品的结构、形貌、尺寸和表面吸附官能团采用X-ray粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)等测试手段进行了表征.研究发现,TEOS加入方式影响SiO2层生长过程,从而影响包覆的均匀程度.Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构表现出顺磁性和良好的磁响应性(52emu/g).     

Effect of milling process on the core-shell structures and dielectric properties of fine-grained BaTiO3-based X7R ceramic materials

Fine-grained BaTiO₃-based X7R ceramic materials were prepared and the effects of milling process on the core-shell structures and dielectric properties were investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). As the milling time extends, the dielectric constant of the ceramics increases, whereas the temperature coefficient of capacitance at 125℃ drops quickly. The changes in dielectric properties are considered relevant to the microstructure evolution caused by the milling process. Defects on the surface of BaTiO₃ particles increase because of the effects of milling process, which will make it easier for additives to diffuse into the interior grains. As the milling time increases, the shell region gets thicker and the core region gets smaller; however, EDS results show that the chemical inhomogeneity between grain core and grain shell becomes weaker.     

基于效能模型的电力通信网可靠性研究

电力通信网犹如电力网络的神经系统,而可靠性对电力通信网又至关重要。针对电力通信网可靠性的重要性,提出了基于效能的可靠性评估方法。首先,建立了电力通信网络的效能模型,实现了对电力通信网网元及网络的效能模拟。然后,依据效能与可靠性之间存在的数学关系,利用所建模型中网络效能的实时变化来间接地反映网络的可靠度变化。仿真结果表明,文中所建效能模型对网络及网元效能具有很好的模拟效果,能够客观地模拟和反映网络效能随时间变化的规律,进而实现了对网络可靠度估的有效评估。     

多层金刚石薄膜制备工艺和应力分析研究

采用热丝化学气相沉积方法,优化金刚石薄膜制备工艺。通过改变甲烷浓度成功制备出厚度均匀的多层金刚石薄膜,实现了多种调制周期的金刚石薄膜制备,调制周期最小至100 nm。通过拉曼光谱和X射线衍射方法对单层以及多层金刚石薄膜进行应力分析,发现单层结构中,微米金刚石薄膜应力最大,随着金刚石晶粒尺寸的减小,薄膜应力减小;多层金刚石薄膜结构中,微米层与纳米层均匀交替生长,有效地降低了薄膜应力,有利于提高金刚石薄膜在应用中的稳定性。     

Preparation and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO-modified TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> electrodes

The ZnO-modified TiO₂ electrode was prepared by adding Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O to the TiO₂ colloid during the sol-gel production process, and was used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The open circuit voltage (V _OC) and fill factor (ff) of the cells were improved significantly. The performances of the ZnO-modified TiO₂ electrode such as dark current, transient photocurrent, impedance, absorption spectra, and flat band potential (V _fb) were investigated. It is found that the interface charge recombination impedance increases and V _fb shifts about 200 mV toward the cathodic potential. The effect mechanism of ZnO modification on the performance of DSCs may be that ZnO occupies the surface states of the TiO₂ film.     

A cooperative user selection scheme based on energy efficiency and interference factor in cooperative communication systems

With the rapid development of green communications,energy consumption issue plays more and more important role in cooperative communication strategies and communication systems.Based on cooperative transmission model,a cooperative user selection scheme is proposed in consideration of both energy efficiency and interference factor.With the proposed scheme,the selected cooperative user consumes less energy and receives less interference.Furthermore,the main factor is analyzed to affect system performance,including signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of source user and cooperative user,distance between source user and cooperative user or base station(BS),and fading factor in the transmission model.Through the proposed scheme,energy consumption and influence of interference are jointly taken into account during the cooperative user selection process.Besides,bit error rate(BER)in proposed scheme is also superior to existing schemes.Simulation results are presented to show the performance improvement of the proposed scheme.     

模糊环境下逆向物流中单产品多周期定价模型研究

模糊环境下逆向物流单产品多周期定价问题中的多个参数为模糊数,可以通过建立其模糊期望值模型,并利用遗传算法进行求解。在研究多周期的单产品定价问题时,考虑需求与销售价格成指数函数关系情形,确定整个物流系统中的最优定价策略,其结果显示出逆向物流的参与,使得企业利润高出许多。对所建立的模型,通过数值算例来验证其有效可行性。     

Hybrid solar cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） and electrospun TiO2 nanofibers modified with CdS nanoparticles

Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and electrospun TiO2 nano bers were fabricated by solution process.The ef ciency of the device was improved by modifying CdS nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 by electrochemical method.The CdS layer can lead to the increase of both open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the device,which are attributed to enhanced exciton dissociation and light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination by CdS at the heterojunction.However,too thick CdS layer led to increased series resistance and decreased ef ciency of the device.Therefore,the optimum condition of the CdS deposition was obtained,which increased the power conversion ef ciency of the device for about 50%.Our results indicate that the surface modi cation on the inorganic semiconductor layer is an effect way to improve the performance of the hybrid solar cells.     

基于采购频度的原材料字典查询优化设计方法

以某冶炼制造企业原材料管理系统为实例,结合实际工程项目中原材料采购与生产消耗情况,提出一种原材料软分类方法。该方法以意大利经济统计学家Vilfredo Pareto提出的ABC分类法为主要规则,关联性为参考规则,与原有分类方法结合并用。详细描述了该方法的算法设计和程序实现,并对其在实际运行系统中的实施效率进行了分析。效率的明显提高,证明了该分类方法的合理性。