具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

连退炉内炉辊热变形对带钢瓢曲变形的影响

利用有限元法,采用单锥度辊作为炉辊初始辊形,分别通过热应力计算和屈曲分析,连续退火炉加热段和快冷段内炉辊热变形及其对带钢瓢曲变形的影响.研究结果表明:在加热段,炉辊热变形后,随着炉辊温差的增大,炉辊形状分别为双锥度辊、单锥度辊和“M”型辊,且炉辊总锥度随温差增大而减小:当炉辊温差在一定范围之内时,炉辊热变形对防止带钢瓢曲变形有利:在快冷段,炉辊热变形后,炉辊变为双锥度辊,随炉辊温差的增大,炉辊总锥度变大,且带钢更容易发生瓢曲变形.基于计算分析,从炉辊热变形角度考虑,对加热段和快冷段的炉辊的温差控制及炉辊选择给出了合理的建议.     

Effect of roller shapes on strip buckling in a continuous annealing furnace

The effect of roller shapes on strip buckling in a continuous annealing furnace was focused on. The tensile stress distribution, the transverse compressive stress, and the critical buckling stress of the strip were studied by the finite element method (FEM) when the flat roller, crown roller, single taper roller, and double taper roller were used, respectively. Simulation results show that strip buckling is most likely to occur with the crown roller, then the double taper roller, and finally the single taper roller. Also, strip buckling can not occur when the flat roller is used. Considering strip snaking, the single taper roller and double taper roller are suggested in the continuous annealing furnace. The double taper roller with a better strip snaking-prevention ability should be applied in the sections with high strip temperature, and the single taper roller with a better buckling-prevention ability should be used in the sections with low strip temperature.     

辊式磨平均曲面辊压计算方法*

对辊式磨液压系统压力、磨辊与物料的接触面以及磨辊受力进行了分析,提出了一种新的辊式磨辊压计算方法——平均曲面辊压计算方法,并进行了理论公式推导。通过实例计算,从辊压数值计算大小、磨机主要受力部件的应力应变情况和磨机功率三个角度,将平均曲面辊压方法与传统平均物料辊压方法进行对比,验证了该计算方法的正确性和准确性。根据推导出的平均曲面辊压计算公式,分析了磨辊结构形式、物料最大粒度、料层厚度以及液压系统工作压力等设计参数对平均曲面辊压的影响,为辊式磨的设计参数选择以及结构强度计算提供了理论基础。     

高铁圆锥滚子轴承滚子与滚道间的接触分析

基于Hertz接触理论与滚子切片理论,对高铁圆锥滚子轴承中不同凸形的滚子与滚道间的接触问题进行了数值分析.建立了滚子-滚道接触应力与接触载荷计算模型,对CRH3型高铁用轴承进行实例分析,求解其在滚子母线方向上的应力与载荷分布,并计算对数曲线型滚子在满载情况下的最佳凸度量.结果表明:滚子的应力集中程度与所受载荷大小相关;滚子的对数曲线型只能减小并不能消除滚子的应力集中现象;滚子的最佳凸度量略小于理论凸度值.     

滚轮滚针轴承螺栓强度优化设计方法

螺栓强度直接决定滚轮滚针轴承工作载荷。而注油孔结构设计参数是影响螺栓强度的主要因素之一。针对这一问题,以螺栓最大应力和变形为优化目标,提出了滚轮滚针轴承螺栓强度优化设计方法。首先,基于三维建模软件,建立了滚轮滚针轴承参数化模型;然后,运用有限元方法,提出了滚轮滚针轴承整体有限元仿真模型,分析了注油孔设计参数对螺栓强度的影响规律;最后,采用响应面分析方法,建立了以螺栓最大应力和最大变形最小为优化目标的滚轮滚针轴承多目标优化模型,结合工程实际,获得了螺栓注油孔孔径的最优化设计参数。仿真结果表明,优化后的滚轮滚针轴承螺栓关键位置的最大应力和最大变形均有所改善,验证了所建立的滚轮滚针轴承螺栓强度优化设计方法的有效性。     

皮辊硬度与成纱质量关系的初步探讨

本文就五种皮辊硬度、四种加压进行试验,以成纱乌斯特仪测定结果作为考核依据,重点测定了皮辊动态握持力、钳口变形量.对握持力作了理论推导,计算结果与测定值基本符合.对皮辊硬度、加压对成纱质量的影响作了理论探讨,发现软皮辊握持力不匀率小,最小握持力大,握持稳定性好;钳口变形量大,浮游区长度短,纤维变速点集中,移距偏差小;弹性变形大,对单纤维控制能力强,能掩盖皮辊的轻微中凹和结构、表面特性的不均匀性,故其成纱质量优于硬皮辊.成纱CV%值与皮辊硬度、皮辊握持力不匀率成高度线性相关.因此,文中指出测定皮辊动态握持力,一定程度上可估计皮辊的纺纱性能和工艺配置的合理性.     

辊压方式对圆锯片稳定性的影响

采用有限元法研究新的适张方法对圆锯片稳定性的影响.新适张方法为径向辊压和切向辊压,通过与环形辊压比较来研究其对圆锯片稳定性的影响.研究结果表明径向辊压产生的应力状态不利于提高锯片的稳定性,同时锯片辊压后平整性差,受轴向载荷作用时,端面变形量大;而切向辊压在锯片上形成的应力状态利于提高锯片的稳定性,同时锯片辊压后平整性好,受轴向载荷作用时,端面变形量小.结果证明切向辊压效果明显,是一种有效的辊压方式.     

冲击振动压路机工作轮的仿真建模与分析

针对冲击压路机的一些缺点，提出了冲击振动压路机。首先对压路机进行了力学和工作状态的分析，并利用ADAMS软件进行了虚拟样机的建模和仿真。仿真结果中得到了这种新型压路机的现实可行性和压路机的所需牵引力以及冲击块对地的冲击力。     

转杯纺分梳辊分梳质量的探讨

通过对不同分梳辊型式及转速条件下，转杯纺成纱质量的对比实验，分析了转杯纺纱机的分梳辊型式及其转速对分梳质量的影响。指出：分梳辊的型式对成纱强力、条干均匀度影响显著，在相同速度条件下，针辊的分梳效能优于锯齿辊。     

差动式行星滚柱丝杠承载特性分析

基于空间啮合理论与赫兹接触理论展开差动式行星滚柱丝杠承载特性分析,综合考虑由滚柱与丝杆初始啮合点偏置引起的接触点位置变化对承载特性的影响,建立差动式行星滚柱丝杠空间啮合几何学模型,采用数值方法对滚柱和丝杆的啮合点位置和主曲率进行求解,推导出单个滚柱螺纹齿面载荷分布和承载能力计算几何模型,将模型计算结果与直接刚度法计算结果进行对比,验证了模型的正确性;系统分析了牙型角、螺距、滚柱螺纹节数、丝杆与滚柱材料弹性模量比等因素对差动式行星滚柱丝杠载荷分布和承载能力的影响规律。