Different effects of D-glucose anomers for respiration of bacterial germinated spores

Summary Effects of - or -D-glucose on the respiration of germinated spores (only germinated spores not including swollen spores and elongated spores) ofBacillus subtilis andB. megaterium were studied. In our conditions, net amount of oxygen consumed by 10¹⁰ germinated spores ofB. subtilis per min after addition of - or -D-glucose was 1.6 g or 6.6 g (/=4.13), while that byB. megaterium was 4.5 g or 6.8 g (/=1.51), respectively. However, the net amounts of oxygen consumed by 10¹⁰ vegetative cells per min after addition of - or -D-glucose were identical, forB. subtilis in both cases 443.0 g and forB. megaterium in both cases 604.4 g.     

Effects of D-glucose anomers on afferent discharge in the hepatic vagus nerve

Summary Intraportal injections of -D-glucose, optically equilibrated D-glucose and -D-glucose reduced afferent discharges in the hepatic vagus nerve of anaesthesized rats. -D-Glucose was most potent in decreasing the discharge.     

Different effects of D-glucose anomers for respiration of bacterial germinated spores.

Effects of alpha- or beta-D-glucose on the respiration of germinated spores (only germinated spores not including swollen spores and elongated spores) of Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium were studied. In our conditions, net amount of oxygen consumed by 10(10) germinated spores of B. subtilis per min after addition of alpha- or beta-D-glucose was 1.6 microgram or 6.6 microgram (beta/alpha = 4.13), while that by B.megaterium was 4.5 microgram of 6.8 microgram (beta/alpha = 1.51), respectively. However, the net amounts of oxygen consumed by 10(10) vegetative cells per min after addition of alpha- or beta-D-glucose were identical, for B.subtillis in both cases 443.0 microgram and for B.megaterium in both cases 604.4 microgram.     

Uptake of tritiated glycine into neurons of the human retina

Résumé L'accumulation de³H-glucine de la rétine humaine a été étudiée autoradiografiquement. Comme chez les animaux inférieurs, la radioactivité s'accumulait surtout dans la couche plexiforme interne, dans la couche des filaments nerveux et dans des cellules ayant la position des amacrines. Les résultats doivent indiquer que la glucine peut être neurotransmetteuse inhibitive dans l'espèce diffuse des cellules amacrines de l'oeil humain et également dans d'autres cellules du système nerveux central de l'homme.     

Stimulation by D-glucose of mitochondrial respiration

Summary D-glucose increases O₂ uptake by cerebellum mitochondria. This effect is abolished by D-glucose-6-phosphate and D-mannoheptulose. It is proposed that the phosphorylation of D-glucose as catalyzed by bound hexokinase directly affects mitochondrial respiration.     

Anomeric compositions of D-glucose in tissues and blood of rat

Summary The anomeric compositions of D-glucose in the liver, kidney, heart, blood and plasma of rat were determined by our method for the assay of D-glucose anomers and the percentages of the -anomer were found to be 61.8, 61.0, 62.4, 62.7 and 62.9, respectively.     

Stimulation by D-glucose of mitochondrial respiration

D-glucose increases O2 uptake by cerebellum mitochondria. This effect is abolished by D-glucose-6-phosphate and D-mannoheptulose. It is proposed that the phosphorylation of D-glucose as catalyzed by bound hexokinase directly affects mitochondrial respiration.     

Anomeric compositions of D-glucose in tissues and blood of rat

The anomeric compositions of D-glucose in the liver, kidney, heart, blood and plasma of rat were determined by our methods for the assay of D-glucose anomers and the percentages of the beta-anomer were found to be 61.8, 61.0, 62.4, 62.7 and 62.9, respectively.     

Uptake of some amino acids by rat brain slices: Effect of various substrates

Résumé En milieu de Krebs-Ringer oxygéné et glucosé, les coupes de cortex cérébral de Rat accumulent les acides aminés contre un gradient de concentration. L'anoxie, l'exclusion du substrat, et les inhibiteurs métaboliques inhibent cette accumulation. Parmi les substrats de la chaîne glycolytique et du cycle de Krebs étudiés, le succinate et le fumarate donnent les niveaux d'accumulation les plus réduits. On observe très généralement une corrélation entre la teneur des composés phosphorylés riches en énergie, et l'accumulation active des acides aminés.     

Demonstration of catecholaminergic neurons in rat retina by fluorescence histochemistry on cryostat sections]

A fluorescence histochemical technique using glyoxylic acid and cryostat sections has been worked out to visualize the dopamine-containing neurons of the retina. It allows the demonstration of catecholaminergic junctional cells and alloganglion cells, classically described. Moreover, the observation of some fluorescent fibers in the external zone of the inner nuclear layer, in contact with the outer plexiform, suggests the presence of catecholamine-containing interplexiform cells, in the Rat retina.     

Uptake of labelled histones by isolated perfused rat liver and by various organs of the intact mouse

Résumé Des histones marquées au H³ ont été administrées à des souris par voie intrapéritonéale. La pénétration d'histones dans le foie isolé en perfusion est rapide. Les noyaux contiennent une quantité plus ou moins proportionnelle à leur volume dans la cellule et la majorité de l'activité a pu être isolée comme histones liées à la chromatine.     

The possibility of centrifugal to the retina in the rat

Summary In rats, glutamic acid decarboxylase activity increased in the proximal portion of the optic nerve after its ligation, whereas the activities of choline acetyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase remained constant. Possible centrifugal neurons to the retina are GABAergic.     

Uptake of dopamine by the neural lobe of the pituitary gland during postnatal development of the rat

Zusammenfassung Die Aufnahme von injiziertem Dopamin wurde mit Hilfe der Fluorescenzmikroskopie in der neurosecretorischen Axone und in den Pituizyten des Hypophysenhinterlappens der Ratte nachgewiesen. Die Intensität der Fluorescenz nahm während der postnatalischen Entwicklung ab. Mögliche Erklärungen über diese Erscheinung wurden diskutiert.     

The possibility of centrifugal projections to the retina in the rat

In rats, glutamic acid decarboxylase activity increased in the proximal portion of the optic nerve after its ligation, whereas the activities of choline acetyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase remained constant. Possible centrifugal neurons to the retina are GABAergic.     

ATPase in the normal and dystrophic developing retina of the rat

Riassunto Viene descritto un aumento significativo dell'attività specifica dell'ATPasi (attività/mg proteine) durante lo sviluppo post-natale della retina in ratti normali ed in ratti con retinite pigmentosa ereditaria. Il rapporto tra attività ATPasica in presenza di Mg⁺⁺-Na⁺-K⁺ ed attività ATPasica in presenza di Mg⁺⁺ non varia nella retina normale, mentre esso va incontro ad un precoce declino durante lo sviluppo della retina distrofica. Il significato di questi dati è discusso molto brevemente.     

Uptake of C14-ethionine by mouse foetuses

Zusammenfassung Trächtige Mäuse wurden zwei Tage vor dem erwarteten Werfen mit dem Antimetabolit des Methionins¹⁴C-DL-Aethionin intravenös behandelt. Aufnahme und Einbau des Antimetabolits wurden gleichzeitig autoradiographisch und chemisch untersucht. Die Plazentaschranke ist für Aethionin durchlässig; die Radioaktivität fand sich in den Foeten angehäuft, dabei war aber nur ein ganz geringer Teil des Aethionins in den Eiweisskörper derselben eingebaut. Der Einbau des Aethionins in den Organen (Leber und Pankreas) der Mutter war ebenfalls äusserst gering.Aus den Ergebnissen wird der Mechanismus der toxischen Wirkung des Aethionins erklärt.

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This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council.