PCL-PEG-PCL/PLA共混材料的制备与性能分析

为了拓宽聚乳酸(PLA)在生物医学领域的应用,使用少量钛酸异丙酯改性相对分子质量为2 000的聚乙二醇(PEG-2000)引发己内酯开环聚合得到相对分子质量为6 000的生物可降解三嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯(PCEC),分别将PCEC、PEG-6000与PLA共混,考察其微观形貌、结晶性能、力学性能的区别。结果显示PCEC/PLA共混物的微观形貌是典型的"海岛"结构;在相同配比下,PCEC促进PLA结晶的能力要小于PEG-6000。当PCEC和PLA的质量比为15∶85时,PCEC/PLA共混物的断裂伸长率最佳,相同质量比下的PEG-6000/PLA共混物的断裂伸长率比PCEC/PLA共混物的断裂伸长率要高7%,而拉伸强度要低50%。     

镍纳米片的制备、表征及摩擦学应用

采用液相化学还原结合界面生长法,以醋酸镍为母体,水合肼为还原剂,吐温-40为修饰剂,NaOH为pH调节剂,正丁醇为生长剂,制备了厚度15～27 nm、片长380～500 nm的镍纳米片.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度仪对镍纳米片进行了表征.将镍纳米片、球形镍纳米颗粒作为基础油液体石蜡(LP)的添加剂,在UMT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损实验机上分别考察添加前、添加后LP的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,镍纳米片的晶格参数膨胀率为0.971%,各晶面2θ相应增加;与基础油LP相比,添加纳米镍后,较大程度降低了摩擦副的摩擦因数,显著改善了LP的摩擦性能;就改善效果而言,镍纳米片优于球形镍纳米颗粒.     

用SDS-PVP软模板制备镍纳米粒子

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)软团簇为模板,水合肼为还原剂还原氯化镍制备纳米镍粉,采用X-射线衍射仪、透射电镜、激光粒度分析仪及差热分析仪等对其进行表征.结果表明:在制备过程中,SDS-PVP团簇具有防止镍粒子团聚的作用;所得镍纳米粒子属立方晶系,平均粒径为16 nm;制备得到的镍粒子的熔点为538.7℃,远低于普通尺寸镍的熔点(1452℃),这与文献报道的镍纳米粒子熔点为524.3℃相近,从而证明了在SDS-PVP模板中制备出镍纳米粒子.     

纳米生物活性玻璃形貌与粒径控制研究

摘要：以聚乙二醇（PEG）为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶技术结合冷冻干燥法制备了纳米生物玻璃(NBG).研究了PEG分子量和用量对纳米生物玻璃粒径和形貌的影响.采用热重-差热分析确定了纳米生物玻璃的烧结温度,并利用FTIR,TEM和XRD对其进行了表征.热重-差热分析结果表明：NBG的烧结温度为650 ℃,烧结后得到的生物玻璃为非晶态的.采用PEG-200制备的NBG为微米级颗粒,PEG-10 000制备的NBG粒径为50~80 nm,形状为空心球状;PEG-20 000制备的NBG,其形状为长条形的纳米棒(10×100 nm).随着PEG浓度的增加,其粒径愈小.     

SDS-PEG软模板法制备纳米硒球

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-聚乙二醇(PEG)组成的项链状软物质团簇为可调控性模板,在水溶液中采用水合肼(N2H4.H2O)还原亚硒酸(H2SeO3)制备纳米硒球。XRD结果表明,所得红色还原产物为无定形的纳米硒球;DSC测得产物纳米硒球的熔融温度为221℃。在一定范围内改变SDS浓度,可以影响制备得到纳米硒球的粒径,TEM结果显示,增加SDS浓度可以使体系中产物的平均粒径由35 nm增大到85 nm;UV-Vis光谱显示,吸收强度随着还原产物平均粒径增大而下降,同时伴随着一定程度的红移。     

不同形貌纳米镍的制备及其对Suzuki-Miyaura反应催化性能的影响

采用液相化学还原法,使用Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O作为前驱体,以N2H4·H2O或者NaBH4为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)或者十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为修饰剂,乙二醇为溶剂,在加热条件下,可得到链状、花状和球状形貌的纳米镍.所制得的纳米镍微粒对Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应表现出很高的催化活性,通过对不同形貌纳米镍催化性能的研究,进一步证明纳米催化剂的催化性能与其形貌密切相关.纳米镍形貌与结构通过Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)等手段进行了表征,Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的产物通过1HNMR,13CNMR,MS进行了表征.     

TiO_2膜结构调控及葡萄糖传感性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体、聚乙二醇(PEG)为模板剂,通过调节加入溶胶中模板剂的相对分子质量实现TiO2膜微观形貌的调控。X线衍射(XRD)结果表明制备的DENSE、PEG-600和PEG-1000 3种膜均为TiO2锐钛晶型。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)及N2吸附-脱附表征发现:无模板剂加入的TiO2膜呈现平整致密形貌,加入平均相对分子质量为600及1 000的聚乙二醇后,制备的TiO2膜分别呈现规则纳米颗粒及纳米介孔结构表面。将3种TiO2膜固定化葡萄糖氧化酶并制备成电极后,无需加入氧化还原媒介体,均可对溶液中葡萄糖产生直接电化学响应。葡萄糖传感测试发现具有介孔结构的TiO2膜电极具有较好的灵敏度(5.95 mA·L/(mol·cm2))及电活性蛋白密度(1.63×10-11mol/cm2),具有纳米颗粒结构TiO2膜电极的葡萄糖传感性能次之,表明TiO2材料的微观形貌对葡萄糖传感性能影响显著,具有介孔结构的TiO2膜在生物传感领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

FeNi/SiO2核 - 壳纳米球的制备及磁学性质

利用共沉淀结合氢气还原法制备球形核 - 壳结构的γ - FeNi/SiO2纳米复合材料.用X射线衍射(XRD)确定样品的相组成,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察样品的形貌,用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测定样品的磁性能.结果表明:pH值是影响核 - 壳纳米结构形貌的重要因素;pH值为9左右且还原温度为700 ℃,制备出的纳米粒子具有近似的球形核 - 壳结构:纳米颗粒是以γ - FeNi合金为核心,其平均粒径大约为80 nm,外面包覆非晶SiO2壳层的核 - 壳结构;随着SiO2质量分数增加,样品的饱和磁化强度明显下降.随着还原温度升高,纳米粒子的尺寸大小略有增加,其饱和磁化强度明显增大,但矫顽力下降,这主要归结于铁镍与铁镍氧化物界面存在交换耦合相互作用.     

Cu_2O微米材料的合成及光催化性能研究

通过合理的设计与调控,利用聚乙二醇-2000(PEG-2000)作为结构导向剂,成功制备了微米结构的氧化亚铜(Cu_2O).通过调节PEG-2000的量,产物形貌可分别展现为由不规则纳米棒组成的鸟巢状Cu_2O和Cu_2O微米球.产物相组成、形貌及光学吸收性能由X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)表征.XRD谱表明,所有制备的微米结构均为纯净立方相Cu_2O.SEM和TEM结果证明,PEG-2000的加入可以有效调控Cu_2O材料的微观结构.基于Cu_2O的物理、化学性质及产物形貌等,提出不同形貌Cu_2O微米结构的形成机理.UV-Vis谱表明不同形貌产物均具有可见光吸收.利用可见光照射下罗丹明B的降解实验考察了不同形貌Cu_2O微米结构的光催化性能.结果证明,与未加PEG-2000制备的Cu_2O材料相对比,鸟巢状Cu_2O和Cu_2O微米球显示出更高的光催化降解有机染料活性.     

丝素蛋白/改性Fe3O4纳米粒子复合材料的制备

文章采用共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,分别用油酸钠、聚乙二醇对纳米粒子改性.超声下用乙醇分散改性纳米粒子,再与丝素蛋白溶液形成凝胶,制备出丝素蛋白/磁性纳米粒子复合材料.采用红外光谱仪、透射电镜、振动样品磁强计等对产物进行表征.结果表明,复合产物的铁氧特征吸收峰出现在583 cm-1处,透射电镜显示改性后的纳米粒子较均匀地分布到丝素蛋白溶液中,并表现出较好的磁性.油酸钠较聚乙二醇(PEG)改性Fe3O4纳米粒子的效果更好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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