冲击矿压诱因-能量积聚与耗散的自组织临界性

针对能量积聚具有耗散结构的自组织性，依据突变理论，只要煤体中能量的积聚与耗散维持一个动态平衡，从而其储存能将始终维持在某一正常水平，从细观损伤、断裂力学的角度来看，煤体中能量积聚与耗散的载体-微缺陷（裂纹、孔洞等）就不会失稳断裂而形成冲击。通过理论研究与现场实测发现煤体中能量的积聚与耗散具有自组织临界性（SOC），因此可以通过煤体中能量的释放率来控制能量的积聚率，并利用电磁辐射强度（幅值）来检验能量释放的效果，使得能量的积聚与耗散维持动态平衡并处于自组织临界值之内，从而实现冲击矿压的动态防治。     

冲击地压的能量机理及其应用

根据煤岩体在变形过程中宏细观能量耗散,得出煤岩体裂纹尖端拉应力过大而失稳扩展是冲击地压发生的根本原因;定义弹性能衰减度和塑性能变化率.研究结果表明:弹性能衰减度与弹性模量E成正比,当受载煤岩体应变达到(3-√3)/2 ε0时,弹性能衰减度取得最大值(1-√3)E exp(-3+√3),若弹性能衰减度大于临界值,则冲击地压就会发生;塑性能变化率和岩体破坏过程中电磁辐射脉冲数呈0.168的正比关系;降低煤体裂纹尖端拉应力和弹性模量是防治冲击地压的有效途径,在此基础上提出煤层注水防治7339工作面冲击地压的方案,工程实档践证明,该方案是切实有效的.     

冲击地压灾害结构失稳机理的组合体试验研究

煤矿冲击地压的发生机理极其复杂,是煤岩体非线性破坏、失稳矿山压力显现的总称。在分析煤岩体破坏机理和采动影响的基础上,应用能量积聚-释放诱发冲击地压的原理设计了煤岩体组合力学模型及模拟煤岩体突出的结构失稳加载试验系统试验,并配制、筛选大变形突出倾向性相似材料等方面进行了组合体结构加载失稳试验,获得了煤岩结构失稳与位移突出的特征。试验表明:组合体试件在加卸载过程中和破坏失稳时表现为稳定态能量积蓄、非稳态释放特征,是应力环境、材料强度与结构等多种因素影响的非线性动力学过程。     

矿井煤岩体变形失稳问题的研究

本文对矿井中几种变形失稳现象:煤体冲击地压、矿震、顶底板冲击地压及煤与瓦斯突出,分别建立了煤岩体压缩、剪切、拉伸、固液耦合失稳模型及失稳判别准则,初步构画了矿井煤岩体失稳问题的框架.     

浅谈冲击地压工作面危险性的评价方法

在煤炭资源开采深度以及开采强度增加的当下,煤矿矿井冲击地压等动力灾害日益加剧,对煤矿的安全开采产生严重威胁。煤矿冲击地压现象在矿山开采过程中,是比较常见且容易发生的一种动力现象,通常也是矿山压力所显现出来的一种特殊的呈现形式。冲击地压是在人为开采扰动下,岩石的原始受力状态发生变化,原始应力受到破坏,大量弹性应变能积聚在煤岩体内部,受到破坏后应变能突然释放,导致煤体或者煤岩结构内部失稳,进而引起冲击破坏。在一些特殊的工程地质背景条件下,冲击地压可能还会引发一些其他如煤与瓦斯突出、粉尘爆炸、水灾、火灾等的矿井灾害。     

冲击煤体扩容特性的实验研究

对硬煤、软煤和中硬煤的试样进行了强度、破坏过程和破坏类型的试验,分析了冲击煤体的破坏特征,重点研究煤体由加栽到破坏全过程的扩容演化规律。研究结果表明,不同强度的冲击煤体均出现扩容现象,冲击煤体的扩容呈现为稳定与非稳定变化的特征,冲击煤体的扩容具有突变特征。     

房山矿无冲击倾向煤层冲击地压的成因分析

针对北京矿务局大安山矿房山采用四槽煤发生冲击地压的特殊性进行了分析,指明了该煤层发生冲击地压的主原因是其特殊的地质特点和应力特点。并得出房山矿煤层是属于无冲击倾向的软弱煤层,而冲击地压发生是由于层间滑动失稳破坏引起。     

单轴压缩荷载作用下煤岩损伤演化规律的CT实验

冲击地压是煤岩体损伤破坏的特殊表现形式，为了弄清冲击地压的发生机理，利用CT机及其配套专用加载设备，进行了单铀压缩荷载作用下煤岩破坏全过程的细观损伤演化规律动态CT试验，得到了单轴荷载作用下各个应力阶段煤岩在从微孔洞压密到微裂纹萌生、分叉、发展、断裂、破坏以及峰值后各个阶段清晰的CT图像和CT数。通过对CT数和方差等数据进行分析，得到了单轴荷载作用下各个应力阶段煤岩的损伤演化规律，为从细观尺度探讨微裂纹的发生、发展提供了依据，可进一步研究煤岩的宏观破坏及其本构关系。     

煤体受载损伤过程能量演化规律与破坏特征试验

为研究煤体动力灾害孕育发展过程的破坏特征及其前兆信息,通过单轴压缩试验,分析了煤体受载破坏过程中的能量演化规律,对煤体失稳破坏的前兆特征进行了判识。结果表明：煤体受载破坏过程呈显著的非线性演化特征,能够判识煤体失稳破坏的临界点、失稳点与破坏点信息;煤体受载损伤不同阶段能量演化特征差异显著,进入弹性阶段后,输入能快速增加,弹性能占比呈升高趋势,耗散能变化较大,煤体失稳破坏时耗弹比呈“阶跃”式突变特征,其值从30迅速增至90;定义并计算了能量耗散率与能量释放率,该指标在煤体破坏的临界点、失稳点与破坏点同样出现了异常响应特征,破坏点处最为显著,G_d/G_e的值由20突增至100以上。受载煤体失稳破坏本质上是外界能量输入与驱动的结果,煤体能量指标能够更好地揭示试样损伤破坏过程的非线性演化特征,精细地捕捉煤体失稳破坏的前兆信息。     

冲击地压震源机理研究

为了进一步理解冲击地压发生的机理,解释冲击地压发生的过程,本文在论述了冲击地压发生的刚度理论、能量理论和失稳理论的统一性的基础上,提出了冲击地压的震源机理,认为冲击地压是一个动力学过程,它包括冲击地压震源的形成,冲击地压应力波的形成及传播和在应力波作用下自由面处岩体的破坏及冲出三个子过程,冲击地压发生所需能量由震源提供,而冲击地压的破坏作用是应力波造成的。利用震源机理分析了冲击地压的发生过程,揭示了震源形成的规律,推导出了应力波最大应力峰值的计算公式,给出了应力波传播衰减规律,解释了应力波在自由面处对煤体的破坏作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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