碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料薄膜制备及其压阻特性研究

基于真空过滤方法获得均匀的不同厚度碳纳米管薄膜,通过与聚合物基体的润湿固化转移碳纳米管薄膜制备压阻敏感度可控的复合材料薄膜.并研究了该薄膜的压阻特性.结果表明薄膜的压阻敏感度随着初始碳纳米管悬浮液体积的减小而降低,当体积减小到一定程度时,薄膜压阻敏感度反而增加,但是线性范围减小.碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的这种压阻特性,一方面了说明了碳纳米管与聚合物复合材料薄膜压阻效应的可控性;另一方面,也表明了通过调节压阻敏感度,该复合材料既可用作应变传感,又可以用作对变形不敏感的导电薄膜.     

石墨烯银纳米线透明导电薄膜的制备进展

透明导电薄膜是触摸器件以及液晶显示器等的重要组成部分,制备透明导电薄膜的材料主要有金属氧化物、导电聚合物、碳材料、金属材料和复合材料等。其中,一维银纳米线和二维石墨烯材料制备透明导电薄膜具有光电性能优异、化学性能稳定和柔韧性好等特点,有望应用于柔性电子设备中。介绍了石墨烯银纳米线透明导电薄膜常用的制备方法：旋涂法、真空抽滤法、棒涂法、喷涂法、滴涂法等5种以及各种制备方法的优缺点;总结了石墨烯银纳米线复合薄膜的应用领域;展望了石墨烯银纳米线透明导电薄膜的发展前景。     

Growth of graphene from solid carbon sources

Monolayer graphene was first obtained as a transferable material in 2004 and has stimulated intense activity among physicists, chemists and material scientists. Much research has been focused on developing routes for obtaining large sheets of monolayer or bilayer graphene. This has been recently achieved by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of CH(4) or C(2)H(2) gases on copper or nickel substrates. But CVD is limited to the use of gaseous raw materials, making it difficult to apply the technology to a wider variety of potential feedstocks. Here we demonstrate that large area, high-quality graphene with controllable thickness can be grown from different solid carbon sources-such as polymer films or small molecules-deposited on a metal catalyst substrate at temperatures as low as 800?°C. Both pristine graphene and doped graphene were grown with this one-step process using the same experimental set-up.     

含有生物质纤维的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备及性能测试

聚酰亚胺(polyimides,PI)是以二酐或二胺合成的耐高温聚合物,因其耐高温性能强成为使用温度最高的工业化聚合物材料之一。针对目前PI薄膜在强度方面存在的断裂延伸率低、拉伸强度低等问题,通过调节聚合物的质量浓度、比例、加料方式、加入生物质纤维等方式制得了不同强度的聚酰亚胺薄膜。以4,4-二氨基二苯醚和3,3,4,4-联苯四甲酸二酐作为反应的前驱体,在交联剂的存在下,采用正加料法制备聚酰胺酸(polymer polyacrylic acid, PAA),将制备好的PAA放置在表面铺有均匀藕丝的培养皿中,加热使其亚胺化,制得聚酰亚胺薄膜。结果表明含有藕丝的聚酰亚胺薄膜的断后标距和弹性模量均低于未掺杂藕丝的薄膜,其中PI-2%藕丝断裂延伸率为6.49%,抗拉强度达67.33 MPa,最大力数据为57.47 N,远高于未掺杂藕丝薄膜力学数据。研究表明藕丝纤维的加入在一定程度上增强了薄膜的力学性能。     

化学法在Ni-W基带上制备Ag缓冲层研究

在双轴织构的Ni-W基带上,采用化学镀银法为YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)涂层导体制备Ag缓冲层薄膜,并通过XRD和φ扫描研究烧结温度和镀银次数对Ag薄膜取向的影响。结果表明,在Ar-H2混合气氛下,于870℃镀银5次所制备的薄膜具有(200)晶面单一取向;采用化学法制备的Ag薄膜有较好的外延性,且适用于涂层导体中的单一导电型缓冲层。     

Ag/石墨烯复合涂层的制备及抗菌性能

首先用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯（GO）; 其次用原位还原法将银氨溶液中的Ag纳米粒子通过还原剂葡萄糖和GO复合, 获得Ag/GO胶体; 最后在真空干燥条件下得到Ag/GO涂层, 并用真空阶梯热还原技术制备Ag/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)涂层. 利用X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜等方法对膜样品结构形貌进行表征, 并用润湿角测量仪和抑菌环方法分别检测样品的亲/疏水性和抗菌性能. 实验结果表明: 石墨烯基膜材料与基底结合较好, Ag纳米粒子在石墨烯片层间呈球形均匀分布, 粒径为20~50 nm; 纯GO和rGO膜表面未见菌落, 大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌均未出现有效抑菌环; 复合Ag纳米粒子后, 涂层的抑菌效果得到显著提高; 与Ag/GO复合膜相比, Ag/rGO复合膜呈更强的抗菌活性, 即低温退火有助于提高石墨烯基复合涂层的抗菌性能.     

石墨烯量子点用于修复石墨烯结构缺陷及其薄膜导热性能研究

为解决GO制备过程中,不可避免引入的石墨烯拓扑结构缺陷对热传递性能的显著影响,研究采用石墨烯量子点(GQDs)作为外部碳源,通过在高温条件下修复石墨烯中的拓扑结构缺陷,制备出了自支撑的石墨化–氧化石墨烯/石墨烯量子点(g-GO/GQDs)散热薄膜。与原始的gGO膜相比,g-GO/GQDs薄膜的面内热导率提高了22.1%,达到739.04 W/(m·K)。通过进一步的薄膜结构分析,发现其热导率的提高可归因于石墨化过程中sp2碳晶格域的恢复和形成。石墨烯导热薄膜的散热性能研究表明,该研究结果可有效提高石墨烯薄膜的散热效果,为制备高性能散热薄膜提供了新思路。     

A1掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法,在玻璃衬底上制备了Al掺杂ZnO薄膜.系统研究了不同氩氧体积比、不同退火温度和氛围、不同Al掺杂浓度对薄膜结构的影响.结果显示,Al掺杂ZnO薄膜为多晶薄膜,呈六角纤锌矿结构,制备条件和后期处理以及掺杂浓度对薄膜的微结构有着很大的影响.在氩氧体积比6:1条件下制备的薄膜,经真空500℃退火后具...     

稀土Dy掺杂纳米CdO薄膜的特性分析

为改善氧化物半导体薄膜的特性,采用真空热蒸发法在玻璃衬底上制备稀土Dy掺杂纳米CdO薄膜并进行热处理,对薄膜进行结构、电学和光学特性进行测试分析。实验结果给出:掺杂稀土Dy后CdO薄膜沿(111)晶向的衍射峰增强,随掺Dy含量增大峰强度逐渐减弱,掺Dy含量为5%时可促进CdO薄膜晶粒的生长,改善薄膜晶相结构特性。制备的薄膜表面颗粒均匀,存在颗粒聚集现象。掺Dy含量为9%时,在波长大于900 nm的范围透光率可达90%,高于纯CdO薄膜。     

硅油基底Ni薄膜的生长机理及微观结构研究

基于液相材料可用作薄膜生长基底的事实,采用真空热蒸发沉积方法,在硅油基底表面制备了具有近似自由支撑边界条件的镍(Ni)薄膜系统。在原子力显微镜(AFM)的观察下发现,镍分枝状凝聚体事实上是由尺寸为几十纳米且呈现高斯分布的原子颗粒组成,在一定的沉积速率下,其原子颗粒的平均直径随着薄膜名义厚度的增加而迅速减小;同时,还观察到了Ni薄膜的反常边缘效应,并对此现象做了一定的物理分析。     

光学透明、低热膨胀性的甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜

 通过化学预处理和机械处理的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维,再利用真空抽滤的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维膜,将所得的纳米纤维素浸渍到聚醚砜树脂中,制备了甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对机械处理的甲壳素纳米纤维的形态特征进行表征。采用紫外光分光光度计、热机械分析仪（TMA）分别对甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的透光性、热膨胀性做分析,用万能力学试验机测试甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的拉伸性能。结果表明,机械处理后,甲壳素纤维达到纳米级别,随机械处理手段增加,甲壳素纳米纤维直径逐步变小。甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜保持了较高的透光率,对比树脂材料,热稳定性和力学强度明显增强,是一种具有高透光性、低热膨胀性的复合膜,在光学基底材料、显示器等方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

石墨烯场效应晶体管电子识别葡萄糖

以铜箔为衬底,采用化学气相沉积的方法制备大面积单层石墨烯薄膜并制备相应的石墨烯场效应晶体管,过氧化氢电子识别研究表明,石墨烯场效应晶体管的电性能对由过氧化氢产生的外来干扰非常灵敏。利用末端带有吡啶环功能基团的葡萄糖氧化酶对石墨烯场效应晶体管进行表面改性后,葡萄糖电子识别结果表明其器件对葡萄糖有非常灵敏的电子识别性能,其检测下限小于0.1 mM,且具有生物传感器响应快、稳定性好的特点。     

Fabrication of multilayer films from regenerated cellulose and graphene oxide through layer-by-layer assembly

A key challenge in the preparation of nanoplatelet-filled polymer composites is the ability to realize the nanometer-level dispersion and the planar orientation of nanosheets in polymer matrices. In this report, multilayer films were successfully fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of regenerated cellulose and graphene oxide, in which graphene oxide nanosheets were used as the building blocks. The thickness of 50 layer film is about 20 mm and it exhibits a high degree of smoothness. This may be attributed to the well-defined layered structure with high degree of planar orientation and nanolevel assemblies of graphene oxide nanosheets in the polymer matrices. Typical field emission scanning electron microscope images demonstrate an ordered arrangement of layers. The electrical conductivity of the multilayer films shows a remarkable increase with increasing layer of the films. A significant enhancement of mechanical properties has been achieved, that is, a 110.8% improvement of elastic modulus and a 262.5% increase of hardness respectively.     

在硬质合金上复合镀镍—巴基管沉积金刚石

研究了用热丝法在碳化钨—钴硬质合金上电沉积巴基管—镍，金刚石镍复合层上沉积金刚石的工艺。实验结果证明在金刚石粉—镍复合层上沉积不出金刚石，而在巴基管—镍复合层上可以沉积出金刚石。用压痕法对膜与基底的粘结力进行了测试，并且与其它的工艺方法沉积的膜的粘结力进行了比较。     

Super-hydrophobic and Self-cleaning PVDF Film Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition

Self-cleaning surfaces have received a great deal of attention recently,both in theoretical studies and commercial applications.The self-cleaning surface of lotus leaf is hydrophobic and rough,showing a micro-and nano-scale morphology.The micro-reliefs of lotus leaf were mimicked using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)film and nano-scale peaks on the top of the micro-reliefs were implemented by the reaction between methyltrichlorosilane and the reactive groups of PVDF film treated by oxygen plasma.A lotus-leaf-like surface of the PVDF film was clearly observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscope(AFM).Elemental composition analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the material of the nanostructure of PVDF film was polymethylsiloxane.The superhydrophobic property of the mimicked self-cleaning surface was validated by the water contact angle and sliding angle on the lotus-leaf-like PVDF film,which were 156.6° and 4°,respectively.In this case,water droplets can easily move across the PVDF film surface,carrying dirt particles away,leaving no contamination.     

Characteristic mechanical properties and complex ordered structures in metal films on liquid substrates

It is well known that the nature of the substrate plays a significant role in the growth mechanism, micro- structure, surface morphology and physical property of thin film systems. Because the metal film systems de- posited on solid substrates generally p…     

高温氨气氛下镍纳米催化剂的结构研究

研究了高温氨处理过程对SiO2/Si基底表面镍纳米薄膜显微结构变化的影响,探讨了镍纳米薄膜显微结构随氨气介入时间、薄膜厚度以及氨气刻蚀温度等参数变化的规律,并对氨在其变化过程中的作用机制进行了初步分析.结果表明:SiO2/Si基底表面镍纳米薄膜转变成高密度、小直径、均匀镍纳米颗粒的关键是恰当的氨气介入时间和刻蚀温度;硅表面的二氧化硅层有效地隔离了镍原子和硅原子的扩散,这种隔离层对镍纳米薄膜的显微结构有很大的影响,起到了阻碍硅和镍发生化合反应的作用,维持了镍在基底表面物质的量的恒定.     

Fabrication of MgB_2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB2 superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL2O3 substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density Jc of 107 A/cm2 at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 105 A/cm2 for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

真空蒸发法制备CdS薄膜及其性能研究

用真空蒸发法制备了CdS薄膜,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计、四探针对薄膜的形貌、结构、光电性能进行分析测试.研究结果表明,不同基片温度下所制备的CdS薄膜主要为六方相,CdS薄膜在(002)晶面有高度的择优取向;不同基片温度下的薄膜对可见光的透光率都超过70%;薄膜的电阻率随基片温度的升高而增大;基片温度为50℃时薄膜的Eg为2.41 eV;在200℃退火处理改善了CdS薄膜的质量,结晶度提高,电阻率降低,晶粒尺寸增大;基片温度为50℃时薄膜在200℃退火后的电阻率为255Ω.cm.     

黄铜矿结构CuInS2陶瓷和薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用固相烧结法,在真空管式炉中于960℃下保温2h,制备得到具有纯黄铜矿结构均匀致密的CuInS2陶瓷,所制备的陶瓷呈现P型导电且导电性能良好．此外,以自制的CuInS2陶瓷为靶材,采用脉冲激光沉积法在c轴取向的蓝宝石单晶衬底上制备得到高质量的外延CuInS2薄膜．XRD分析表明薄膜具有良好的沿（112）方向外延取向性,透射光谱测试分析得到薄膜光学带隙为1．4eV．