热处理条件对VO_2粉体晶体结构和相变性能的影响

以V2O5和草酸为原料,采用高温热解前驱体法制备VO2粉体,并结合XRD分析和热致相变性能测定,研究热处理条件对VO2粉体晶体结构和相变性能的影响。结果表明,采用三段式升温制度,可制备晶化程度较高的VO2粉体。制备过程中,热分解温度的升高或热分解时间的延长,均会导致产物VO2粉体平均晶粒尺寸增大、平均晶格畸变率降低、相变滞豫区间减小以及电阻突变量增大,热处理过程中VO2晶粒生长和晶格畸变率变化主要受热分解温度的控制。     

Doping effect on thermoelectric properties of nonstoichiometric AgSbTe<Subscript>2</Subscript> compounds

Nonstoichiometric ternary thermoelectric materials Ag_0.84Sb_1.15M_0.01Te_2.16 (M=Ce, Yb, Cu) were prepared by a direct melt-quench and hot press process. The carrier concentration of all the samples increased after doping. Thermoelectric properties, namely electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity, were measured from 300 to 673 K. The phase transition occurring at about 418 K representing the phase transition from β-Ag₂Te to α-Ag₂Te influenced the electrical transport properties. The electrical conductivities of Ce and Yb doped samples increased after doping from 1.9×10⁴ to 2.5×10⁴ and 2.3×10⁴ S·m⁻¹, respectively, at 673 K. Also, at room temperature, the Seebeck coefficient of the Ce doped sample relatively increased corresponding to the high carrier concentration due to the changes in the band structure. However, all the thermal conductivities increased after doping at low temperature. Because of the higher thermal conductivity, the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of these doped samples has not been improved.     

SmCoO3钙钛矿氧化物的高压高温合成及其物性

采用高压高温方法合成钙钛矿型SmCoO₃氧化物, 利用XRD,Raman,电导率和热膨胀测试对样品的结构及性能进行表征. 实验结果表明, 在2.75~4.20 GPa, 1 061 ℃附近, Co₂O₃和 Sm₂O₃发生固相反应形成SmCoO₃, 但反应不完全. 单相SmCoO₃较好的合成条件为3.90 GPa和1 061 ℃左右. 室温Raman谱观察到单相样品中只有SmCoO₃正交相的特征峰. SmCoO₃样品在327 ℃以下为绝缘体, 在327 ℃以上电导率随温度升高而增加. 热膨胀系数在100~800 ℃呈线性变化.      

新型中温离子导体复合膜:Sn_(0.94)Sc_(0.06)P_2O_7和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)

采用固相法合成中温离子导体Sn0.94Sc0.06P2O7和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的复合膜,并进行XRD,SEM及DSCTGA测试表征.用电化学工作站研究了复合膜在75~225℃下的导电特性.SEM分析结果表明复合膜具有良好的微观结构,XRD分析结果表明复合膜已形成了单相的SnP2O7立方相结构.气体气氛对复合膜电导率有显著的影响,σ(dry air)#σ(wet air)#σ(wet H2).该复合膜在湿润H2气氛中150℃下,电导率达到最大值6.5×10-4 S·cm-1.     

Properties improvement of SPEEK based proton exchange membranes by doping of ionic liquids and Y2O3

The membranes of sulfonated poly(etheretherketone) with 65％ sulfonation degree were prepared by doping of Y2O3 and ionic liquids,such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (EB) or 1-butyl-3-me...     

Thermal conductivity measurement of InGaAs/InGaAsP superlattice thin films

The thermal conductivities of InGaAs/ InGaAsP superlattices with different period lengths were measured from 100 to 320 K using 3ω method. In this temperature range, the thermal conductivities were found to decrease with an increase in temperature. For the period length-dependant thermal conductivity, the minimum value does exist at a certain period length, which demonstrates that at a short period length, superlattice thermal conductivity increases with a decrease in the period length. When the period is longer than a certain period length, the interface thermal resistance dominates in phonon transport. The experimental and theoretical results confirmed the previous predictions from the lattice dynamics analysis, i.e. with the increase in period length, the dominant mechanisms of phonon transport in superlattices will shift from wave mode to particle mode. This is crucial for the cutoff of the phonons and lays a sound foundation for the design of superlattice structures.     

氮化硼纤维填充聚乙烯醇导热复合材料的制备

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为基体,选用六方氮化硼纤维（BN fiber）作为导热填料,通过溶液共混的方法制备导热复合材料。结合X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及导热测试结果,探究填料的微观形貌以及与基体的界面相容性对于提升复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：BN fiber对于提升复合材料的面内导热率有很好的效果,而且采用过氧化氢（H₂O₂）溶液进行表面改性,可以有效改善界面相容性;当经过1 400℃热处理再经过表面改性的BN fiber（BN fiber-1400-H₂O₂）的填充量为5%（质量分数）时,复合材料的面内导热率达到了1.32 W·m^-1·K^-1,为纯PVA体系的629%,相比于表面改性前提升了60%。     

A new model for evaluating the electrical conductivity of nonferrous slag

Electrical conductivity of molten slag is an important physicochemical property for designing the refming process in electric smelting furnaces. Though conductivities of many slag systems have been measured, the quantitative relationships of conductivity with slag composition and temperature are still very limited. In this article, the Arrhenius law was used to describe the experimental data of conductivities for CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, CaO-MnO-AlEO₃-SiO₂, as well as CaO-MgO-MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO: systems, and it is found that activation energy can be expressed as a linear function of the content of components, where the optical basicity of slag must be within the range of 0.58 to 0.68.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of NpO2 using LSDAt U approach

The elastic constants,bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,Debye temperature,isobaric heat capacity and minimum thermal conductivity are estimated for NpO2 using plane-wave pseudopotential method within the local spin density approximation plus Hubbard U(LSDAtU) theory.The computed lattice constants are in good agreement with the available experimental results and then three independent elastic constants were computed by means of the stress–strain method.From the knowledge of the elastic constants,the values of Young’s modulus,Poisson,Debye temperature and minimum thermal conductivity are obtained and they are 218 GPa,0.288,453.5 K and0.99 Wm-1K-1,respectively.The obtained mechanical and thermal properties of NpO2 are in agreement with the previous experimental and theoretical data.Our investigations which are unobtainable from previous report can provide valuable reference in the future.     

混合石蜡的热物性实验

对低熔点石蜡（十六烷、十八烷）与高熔点石蜡（54#石蜡、62#石蜡）混合物的传热性能进行了实验研究,用以替代价格较高的十八烷,用于立式集热板太阳能热气流电站的蓄热系统中.采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对不同质量分数的混合石蜡的相变潜热及相变温度进行了测量,结果表明：随着低熔点石蜡的加入,混合石蜡的相变温度在不断减小,相变潜热介于低熔点石蜡与高熔点石蜡之间;且混合后的石蜡具有良好的循环稳定性.采用热针法对不同质量分数的混合石蜡固态体系、液态体系的导热系数进行了测量,结果表明：混合之后石蜡的导热系数与低熔点石蜡相差不大,石蜡在固态时的导热系数要大于在液态时的导热系数.综合比较可知,混合石蜡可以满足储能需求,并能降低成本.     

Phase stability and thermal conductivity of ytterbia and yttria co-doped zirconia

Rare earth oxides doping has been extensively investigated as one of the effective methods to lower thermal conductivity of 4.55 mol% Y2O3stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs).In the present work,5–6 mol% Yb2O3and Y2O3co-doped ZrO2ceramics were synthesized by solid reaction sintering at 1600 1C.The phase stability of the samples after heat treatment at 1500 1C was investigated.Yb2O3and Y2O3co-doped zirconia,especially when Yb2O3/Y2O3≥1,contained less monoclinic phase than single Yb2O3or Y2O3phase doped zirconia,indicating that co-doped zirconia was more stable at high temperature than YSZ.The thermal conductivity of the 3 mol% Yb2O3+3 mol% Y2O3co-doped ZrO2was 1.8 W m 1K 1at 1000 1C,which was more than 20% lower than that of YSZ.     

Effects of synthetic conditions on the structure and morphology of open-ended vanadium oxide nanotubes and study of their growth mechanism

Vanadium oxide nanotubes (VOx-NTs) have been synthesized by using n-butylamine as structuredirecting template and V2O5 as precursor under hydrothermal conditions. XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET and TG-DTA characterizations have been performed to both optimize the synthetic conditions and understand the growth mechanism of VOx-NTs. The results showed that open-ended VOx-NTs were obtained under the optimized conditions (hydrothermal temperature: 150―160°C, hydrothermal time: 5―7 d, the molar ratio of V2O5 to n-butylamine is 1:1) with diameters ranging from about 30 to 100 nm and several micrometers in length. The BET surface area and the desorption cumulative pore volume of pores of the as-synthesized sample were about 27.4609 m2/g and 0.191087 cm3/g, respectively. The result presents that the synthesis of VOx-NTs is controlled by the "rolling" mechanism and temperature is primary driving force for rolling.     

功率型发光二极管芯片的温度场与应力场

发光二极管(LED)的结点温度和应力分布对它的发光效率、可靠性和寿命有着至关重要的影响。为了优化器件的性能,该文利用有限元方法对功率型LED芯片在不同输入功率、基板材料、换热条件下的温度和热应力进行了模拟与分析。结果表明,目前广泛应用的Sapphire基板效果不是很好,如果能减小晶格不匹配的影响,采用硅基板是较好的选择。当基板导热系数、换热系数大于一定值后,单纯的改进基板的导热系数或强化基板换热,对提高器件的性能已经没有明显的效果。     

Effect of sintering temperature on the electrolysis of TiO2

The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and the conductivity of TiO₂ cathodes were studied by examining the phase composition, microstructure, and element contents of the sintered cathodes and the cathodic products using X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry. The oxygen vacancy, conductivity, average pore diameter, and specific surface area of the sintered cathodes were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, four-point probe, and ASPA 2010. The results showed that TiO₂ phase transformations occurred, and oxygen vacancies formed with the increase of sintering temperature. The cathodic conductivity improved, but the average pore diameter and the effective response area of the TiO₂ cathode were reduced when the sintering temperature increased. These phenomena could weaken the contact between reaction ions and electrons and also had the same effect on the cathodes and the molten salt. Moreover, they were disadvantageous to ion migration, so a lower sintering temperature was favorable for the microstructure of electrolysis. Consequently, the cathodic conductivity may be improved, but the microstructure became compact with the increase of sintering temperature. The cathodic products at different temperatures indicated that the cathodic conductivity was more important for electrolysis.     

功率型发光二极管芯片的温度场与应力场

发光二极管(LED)的结点温度和应力分布对它的发光效率、可靠性和寿命有着至关重要的影响。为了优化器件的性能,该文利用有限元方法对功率型LED芯片在不同输入功率、基板材料、换热条件下的温度和热应力进行了模拟与分析。结果表明,目前广泛应用的Sapphire基板效果不是很好,如果能减小晶格不匹配的影响,采用硅基板是较好的选择。当基板导热系数、换热系数大于一定值后,单纯的改进基板的导热系数或强化基板换热,对提高器件的性能已经没有明显的效果。     

Phase transition and thermodynamic properties of BaS: An <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ab initio</Emphasis> study

The hydrostatic-pressure-induced transition phase of BaS from the NaCl-type structure (B1) to the CsCl-type structure (B2) is investigated by ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential den-sity functional theory method. It is found that the transition pres-sure from B1 to B2 phases is 8.2 GPa according to the usual con-dition of equal enthalpy. Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model,the dependences of the relative volume V/V0 on the pres-sure P,the thermal expansion parameter ratio on pressure P,and the Debye temperature Θ and heat capacity CV on pressure P and temperature T are estimated.     

La2-xAlxMo2O9（0≤x≤0．18）的溶胶凝胶合成及其电性能

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了La位掺杂Al的系列新型氧离子导体La2-xAlxMo2O9（0≤x≤0．18）。通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）、场发射扫描电镜（FE—SEM）等手段对氧化物结构进行分析,交流阻抗谱测试其电性能。结果表明,随Al掺杂量的增加,其晶胞参数有所减小;A1的掺杂对高温立方相的电导率没有明显改善,但显著提高了低温单斜相的电导率,同时,有效抑制了母体在580℃的相变。     

AgI的高压电学性质

利用在金刚石对顶砧上集成的微电路, 高压原位测量了AgI的电导率, 实验观察电导率随压力的变化规律, 并在不同压力下, 测量了岩盐相结构AgI的电导率随温度(293~443 K)的变化关系, 实验结果表明, ln(σT)与10³T^-1近似呈线性关系. 计算了传导离子浓度和Frenkel缺陷扩散的激活能, 并测量了KOH型结构AgI的电导率与温度和压力间的关系, 得到压力高于20 GPa时的能隙与压力关系.      

地热浅埋孔回填材料中砂粒结构对导热系数的影响

地热浅埋孔回填材料的导热系数是影响地埋管换热器取热性能的关键因素之一。目前以一定配比的砂粒骨料与水泥、粘土、石英等的混合材料最常见,而材料中颗粒的结构形态是影响回填材料导热系数的关键因素之一。本文以回填材料中砂粒骨料为研究对象,从结构特征出发,探究内部颗粒级配及磨圆度对回填材料导热系数的影响。利用所开发的基于孔隙率的二维导热系数计算模型及三维热阻模型,定量研究不同固相导热系数、不同颗粒物粒级配及不同棱角磨圆度下,材料导热系数的变化规律。结果表明,在颗粒级配和磨圆度不变的情况下,材料整体的导热系数随固相导热系数的增加而增加。同一材料不同尺寸粒径间的差别较大时更易获得更高的整体有效导热系数,且粒径不同所造成的回填材料有效导热系数差别会随着固体导热系数的增大而变得更为显著。而磨圆度不同所造成的有效导热系数差异会随固体导热系数的增大而变得更为显著。颗粒磨圆度很高（球体）或很低（锥体）时,同样固相导热系数下材料的有效导热系数较小。本研究所得理论结果可以为回填材料的优选配置提供依据,有助于提高地埋管换热器的取热效率及地热能利用效率。     

Thermal conductivity model of filled polymer composites

Theoretical and empirical models for predicting the thermal conductivity of polymer composites were summarized since the 1920s. The effects of particle shape, filler amount, dispersion state of fillers, and interfacial thermal barrier on the thermal conductivity of filled polymer composites were investigated, and the agreement of experimental data with theoretical models in literatures was discussed. Silica with high thermal conductivity was chosen to mix with polyvinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer to prepare SiO₂/EVA co-films. Experimental data of the co-films’ thermal conductivity were compared with some classical theoretical and empirical models. The results show that Agari’s model, the mixed model, and the percolation model can predict well the thermal conductivity of SiO₂/EVA co-films.