Cognitive information metrics for cognitive wireless networks

Considering the dynamic changes and uncer- tainty features of the radio environment in cognitive wireless networks （CWNs）, the environment cognition ability is critical for the performance evaluation of CWNs design and optimization. However, there are no effective metrics to evaluate the ability and gain of information cognition in CWNs from an information theory perspec- tive. Therefore, the novel cognitive information concept is proposed and defined as a metric to evaluate the uncer- tainty of both the internal and external environments of one system that can be removed by other systems or nodes using cognitive radio techniques. As an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its surrounding radio, network, and user multi-domains environment, the more cognitive information it achieves, the higher level cognitive capability it is. In this paper, we define and analyze the mathematical features of cognitive informa- tion. Results reveal that the increase of cognitive infor- mation can improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce the interference probability simultaneously in CWNs. Thus cognitive information can be regarded as a metric for CWNs optimization. Finally, we apply the theory of cog- nitive information in the parameters optimization in energy detection and cooperative spectrum sensing.     

Fractal theory based dynamic mesh grouping scheme for efficient cognitive pilot channel design

As one of the key characteristics in cognitive wireless networks (CWNs), network environment awareness techniques have received much attention recently. Instead of traditional spectrum sensing technology that suffers from problems of miss detection, false alarm, hidden node, and inefficiency, cognitive pilot channel (CPC) technology has been proposed as one of the candidate solutions for an efficient and accurate network information delivery scheme to user equipment (UE). The aim of the CPC technology is to provide the necessary information for the reconfiguration of the UE using the public signaling channel. To ensure the efficient information delivery, the whole geographical area covered by the CPC is divided into square meshes of the same size. Moreover, two typical network information transmission modes for CPC deployment are also proposed: broadcast CPC mode and on-demand CPC mode. To further improve the efficiency of network information delivery, an efficient dynamic mesh grouping scheme has been designed which is based on the fractal theory for the broadcast CPC mode, where adaptive rectangular sized meshes are used to approximately cover the whole area. Compared to the traditional fixed size mesh division strategy, results show that the proposed dynamic mesh grouping scheme significantly reduces the number of meshes by grouping similar meshes together, and the average delay of receiving CPC information on the UE side is therefore reduced.     

基于移动锚节点的粒子群优化定位算法

在无线传感器网络的一些应用环境中,无线信道损耗模型参数未知,无法直接基于RSSI测距定位。本文针对这类应用环境,研究并提出基于移动锚节点的粒子群优化定位算法,利用移动锚节点代替传统典型算法中的静态锚节点,并将节点定位问题抽象为非线性约束优化问题,利用粒子群优化技术求解定位。仿真、分析结果证明,该算法定位精度较高,对环境噪声变化具有较强的适应能力。     

认知模型与统一集

从集合论的角度出发,为人类的认知过程提供了一种新的基于集合论的模型,并探讨了一种由机器自发的产生认知概念以及概念和概念的联系的方法.运用复杂适应系统的观点,指出了认知是从对环境的基本分类而建立起来的一种自下而上,并能够根据认知环境的变化而不断进化的过程.并且,认知过程本质上存在着多种不确定性,这些不确定性描述包括模糊性、Vague性、粗糙性等,它们都是认知复杂过程涌现出来的现象,都可以用统一集对其进行表述.     

Design and implementation of a cognitive engine functional architecture

Intelligence is the most important characteristic for cognitive wireless networks. A cognitive engine built on reconfigurable wireless networks is the key to implementing this characteristic. The design and implementation of a cognitive engine is important in research on the theory of initiative cognition for cognitive wireless networks. This paper first discusses research on cognitive loops, then investigates cognitive functions in the loop through the design of a universal cognitive engine functional architecture, and finally verifies the architecture on the platform of a cognitive engine prototype system.     

爆炸场测试的WSN节点的研制

针对爆炸场的动态测试要求,无线传感器网络（ WSN）节点必须具有高速采样的功能。但是目前的WSN主要针对一些长期监控的场合应用,远远不能满足该类测试的高采样速率的要求以及抗恶劣环境的适应能力,采用结构化和模块化设计方法,将节点分成高速采样与存储模块、数据传输与控制模块和供电模块等,通过不同的测试试验证明该节点具有高速采样、存储后发送和抗恶劣环境等性能。     

An informational perspective of semantic cognition process

Information theory （IT） is the derivation and foundation of information science, and has become one of the most mature, complete and systematic components in information and communication fields within these years. This article extends classic IT from the traditional form aspect to the semantic aspect and gives an informational perspective of semantic cognition process （SCP）, which is motivated by the stringent requirements of information predigestion and machine cognition in cognitive wireless networks. To begin with, we establish three key viewpoints on semantic, which are semantic objectivity, semantic conditional uniformity and semantic dependency, as the basis and premise of this article. Next, we establish a comprehensive theoretical framework of SCP in terms of the natural connotation, the three-layer framework and the mathematical model of SCP. Then we give a couple of primary theorems of SCP as well as their practical instructions. Furthermore, the research challenges ahead are presented in this article.     

两栖应急救援运载平台水动力学仿真技术研究

面对有着极端灾害环境、复杂地形条件及多灾种并发的大应急救援,具备涉水越野、多功能救援、水陆两栖救援能力的两栖应急救援装备至关重要。作为两栖应急救援装备的一种,水陆两栖运载平台是一种兼具陆地车辆与船舶性能的特殊车辆,能够在陆地和水下两种环境下行驶和作业,可适应各类“水-陆”复合灾害环境,被广泛应用于应急救灾。水陆两栖运载平台需兼顾陆地全地面高速行驶与水下安全稳定航行,其车体外形结构复杂,表现出复杂的水动力学特性,因此研究水陆两栖车辆的水动力学特性对其综合作战能力的设计和优化十分重要。本文对水陆两栖运载平台的水下动力学特性及其仿真技术,包括航行阻力、航行稳态,水下操控性、推进器与车体相互作用几个方面做了介绍,将不同学者的研究方法与成果进行了分析与总结,对水陆两栖车辆水动力学研究的发展趋势做出展望,为后续研究者提供一定的参考。     

Rayleigh衰落信道下的无线网络编码

网络编码技术是一种能有效提高网络吞吐量的新技术。但是在实际的无线网络中,数据传输会受到信号衰落的影响,导致误码率增加以及网络吞吐量下降,使得无线网络编码技术的实际性能下降。为了进一步提高无线网络编码的性能,该文分析了Rayleigh衰落信道下网络编码的性能,并将其归纳为一个最优化问题。通过求解该最优化问题,给出了编码节点的最优传输策略,即最优传输功率与最优传输速率。数值解与仿真结果显示:该策略能有效提高网络的吞吐量。     

认知异构无线网络中频谱切换建模与分析

在具有频谱认知功能的异构无线网络中,针对传统频谱切换算法未考虑次用户业务的多样性,且空闲信道不足造成次用户服务时延大的问题,提出基于次用户分级的频谱切换策略。与以往单一的认知无线电网络不同,该策略融合利用免授权频谱的开放式无线网络和机会式利用授权频谱的认知无线电网络,提出了认知异构无线网络场景。根据次用户的业务类型对其进行优先级划分,并在此基础上设计数据分割因子优化策略。进一步采用混合式抢占优先权(preemptive resume priority /non-preemptive resume priority,PRP/NPRP) M/G/1排队模型,分别对主用户网络和开放式无线网络中的频谱切换过程进行建模,提出一个最小化时延的动态自适应频谱切换策略。实验仿真了不同参数对次用户时延的影响,结果表明,该策略较传统的频谱切换策略明显提升了次用户的时延性能。     

容迟网络中的基础设施辅助路由协议

基础设施辅助路由技术能有效提高网络容量,减轻普通节点的能量消耗,因而成为容迟网络路由研究领域中的研究热点。概述了容迟网络路由技术面临的挑战、理论基础和评价指标,对基础设施辅助路由协议进行了分类,详细介绍了目前主要基础设施辅助路由协议的基本原理和特点,并进行深入分析和比较,最后给出了未来研究方向。     

无线多跳网络中基于QoS保证的TCP速率控制跨层优化算法

无线多跳网络(wireless multiple-hop networks,WMN)是近年来快速发展的网络技术,具有可靠性高、网络扩展性好等优势,但其通信环境多跳以及动态自组织的特点,给多媒体业务的应用带来了巨大的挑战。在本文中,提出了基于网络效用最大化(network utility maximization,NUM)的跨层联合优化算法,此算法是一种联合传输层、MAC层、物理层,利用凸优化方法,以网络效用最大化为目标的TCP速率控制和MAC接入竞争跨层联合优化算法,在保证多媒体业务端到端的QoS(quality of service)服务质量前提下,最大限度地提高网络的整体吞吐量。仿真结果表明,此算法可以根据本地网络信息,对系统进行全局优化,大大降低了系统的时延,提升了系统的吞吐量,同时能够满足应用的QoS要求。     

无线传感器网络的安全性研究

大多数应用环境中,用户对无线传感器网络的安全性有较高的要求,而无线传感器网络自身的特性使得传统的安全机制和安全协议难以直接应用,因此面临着比传统网络更大的安全挑战。文章探讨了无线传感器网络协议中的网络层路由的安全问题,对解决这些安全问题的关键技术进行了讨论。     

ANFIS与SVM的拟合能力和推广预测能力的比较研究

岩土体位移与岩土体力学参数间的映射关系,具有高度非线性的特点.寻求一种适合于描述这种非线性映射关系的方法,是当前的热点研究领域.为此,本文采用一个多峰函数进行离散,构建了训练数据对和预测数据对,分别对ANFIS和SVM的拟合能力和推广预测能力进行了比较研究,结果表明,ANFIS的拟合能力和推广预测能力均优于SVM,更适合于建立岩土体位移与岩土体力学参数间这一高度非线性映射关系.     

基于无线控制和视频传输的多功能探测车

设计了一种基于远距离无线控制和视频传输的多功能探测车.以嵌入式系统作为控制核心,利用无线传输技术实现远距离无线控制和视频实时传输,实时地将图像传至电脑控制端,进而通过电脑实现对探测车的控制; 还可以通过控制者手臂上的传感器获知控制者手臂的动作,实现对小车上的机械臂进行简单、精准的控制.搭载了LTE模块,在超出传输距离时转到LTE模块,利用4G网承担数据和视频的无线传输以及无线控制,使探测车可以稳定可靠的工作.根据不同的任务要求,可搭载各种不同的传感器,探测所处环境的各种参数.探测车采用履带式设计,能适应各种不同路况.该探测车可替代人类进行危险和未知地域以及不适于人类进入的地域进行探测、救援、样本采集、危险排除等工作,有效防止了人类进入危险地域执行探测、救援等任务所造成的人身伤害和财产损失.     

Energy-efficient spectrum-aware clustering for cognitive radio sensor networks

As a smart combination of cognitive radio networks and wireless sensor networks, recently introduced cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) poses new challenges to the design of topology maintenance techniques for dynamic primary-user activities. This paper aims to provide a solution to the energy-efficient spectrum-aware CRSN clustering problem. Specifically, we design the clustered structure, establish a network-wide energy consumption model and determine the optimal number of clusters. We then employ the ideas from constrained clustering and propose both a centralized spectrum-aware clustering algorithm and a distributed spectrum-aware clustering (DSAC) protocol. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that DSAC can effectively form clusters under a dynamic spectrum-aware constraint. Moreover, DSAC exhibits preferable scalability and stability with its low complexity and quick convergence under dynamic spectrum variation.     

对绿色无线移动通信技术的研究和思考

论述了协作通信分布式天线系统,能有效降低系统的发射功率,是一种可靠的绿色移动网络的解决方案;提出了绿色无线通信的系统设计考虑,特别提出对业务内容的软实时业务传输的新设计,能明显降低成本节省资源和功耗;论述了利用基于认知技术的可重配置无线网络能明显降低能源开销;论述了未来无线通信由追求更高、更快的传输能力向追求更省、更好的能源效率的转变;提出小区网络设计的环保效率函数,用来评价和设计环保下的小区网络.这些论述反映了对绿色无线通信技术研究的成果和思考.     

ANN与ANFIS的拟合能力和推广预测能力的比较研究

岩土体位移与岩土体力学参数间的映射关系,具有高度非线性的特点.寻求一种能精确描述这种非线性映射关系的方法,是众多研究者正在大力研究的问题.为此, 采用一个多峰函数对ANN和ANFIS的拟合能力和推广预测能力进行了比较研究,结果表明,ANFIS的拟合能力和推广预测能力均优于ANN,更适合于用来建立岩土体位移与岩土体力学参数间的映射关系.     

Lognormal-Rayleigh信道中多跳MIMO-OFDM系统无线资源分配算法研究

面向新一代无线通信网络,研究基于MIMO-OFDM技术的多跳中继网络的容量及端到端吞吐量优化方案.在Lognormal-Rayleigh阴影复合衰落信道环境中,使用注水算法分配功率,分析对系统容量和多跳中继系统端到端吞吐量的影响.仿真结果表明:使用注水算法对多跳MIMO-OFDM系统中各跳子载波对应的子信道进行功率分配,可以显著提高系统吞吐量.     

无线网络分层QoS垂直映射模型及跨层优化方法

现代无线通信网络结构复杂,通信环境时变,业务流和无线信道不可预知,服务质量保障极具挑战性.基于无线网络分层QoS体系结构,文中提出了一种统一的基于协议层间虚拟缓存接口QoS垂直映射模型,以虚拟队列技术实现层间QoS指标映射.同时,基于该协议层间QoS垂直映射模型提出一种跨层QoS优化架构,并针对业务流和无线信道的不可预知性,给出该架构在线学习优化求解方法.最后,通过与现有文献技术对比一致性方法验证所提出层间QoS垂直映射模型正确性,并且在物理层包差错率小于30％条件下,分析Q学习法优化数据链路层时延收敛性,从而验证所提出跨层优化模型和在线学习优化方法的有效性.