MXene材料储能应用研究进展

MXene是一种新型的二维过渡金属碳化物或碳氮化物,具有类似石墨烯的二维结构.MXene因其独特的物理和化学特性,以及在储能、催化、电子与光电子等领域中的良好应用前景而受到广泛关注.介绍了MXene材料的制备、表征以及在锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池和超级电容器等储能器件上的最新研究成果.最后,对MXene材料的未来发展和挑战进行了介绍.     

Pathway for high-energy density LiMnFePO4 cathodes

Polyanion cathodes are credited for its thermal stability and better safety, no matter in lithium ion batteries or sodium ion batteries. Polyanion oxides with phosphate groups came to the public's attention in 1997, and the representative material is LiFePO₄, which has been widely applied and plays a huge role in the field of powder batteries and energy storage system. However, owing to the low lithiation potentials and storage sites, the energy densities of polyanion cathodes have been restricted, resulting of low-endurance and limited application scenarios. Accordingly, here, we use cheap and environmental friendly raw materials as precursors to synthesis high energy density LiMn_0.6Fe_0.4PO₄@C cathode by a simple spray-drying and high temperature calcination process. The self-designed liquid polyacrylonitrile (LPAN) is added for the intention of nanoparticle coating, conductive network construction and particle granulation. The low-cost and carbon-coated LiMn_0.6Fe_0.4PO₄ cathode exhibits excellent reversible capacity, low electrochemical polarization and excellent rate capacity, which maintains 93.5% capacity retention after cycling 1000 times at 5C. The work introduces a new avenue to fabricate olivine structure cathodes with outstanding electrochemical performance for the high energy density lithium ion batteries.     

生物炭负载金属硒化物复合材料的储锂性能

通过高温对膨化大米进行炭化处理得到米炭(Puffed Rice Carbon, PRC),以米炭(作为生物炭)和商业Sn、Se粉为原材料,采用高能球磨法在氩气保护气氛中球磨48 h,制备了SnSe/PRC锂离子电池负极材料.用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(含能谱分析)、恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱等技术对材料进行结构、形貌表征和电化学性能测试.结果表明:在高能机械力作用下,米炭与Sn、Se相互挤压形成合金/碳复合镶嵌结构,提升了体系的导电性能,缓冲了材料的体积膨胀效应,改善了纯合金相的结构稳定性.在电流密度500 mA/g、电压范围0.01~3.00 V条件下进行充放电循环,SnSe/PRC的首次放电比容量较高(704.00 mAh/g),经50次充放电循环后比容量稳定保持在608.90 mAh/g.该材料还具有良好的倍率性能,在较大电流密度下容量仍保持稳定,当恢复至初始电流密度时,容量能恢复到原有水平.利用环境友好且易制得的生物炭材料能有效地改善了SnSe的储锂性能,对金属硒化物在锂离子电池方面的应用有很好的参考价值.     

水系锌-石墨电池的研究新进展

水系锌-石墨电池是一种新型的二次电池,基于水系电解液中的阴、阳离子同时参与电化学反应实现储能,因其具有高能量密度、高功率密度和安全廉价等诸多优势,有望成为替代锂离子电池的下一代储能产品。本文综述了近年来水系锌-石墨电池的发展现状,总结了锌负极、石墨正极存在的问题及现有的解决方案,对水系锌-石墨电池的下一步发展进行了预测。     

锂离子电池能源材料研究进展

能源材料是指能源的开发、运输、转换、储存和利用过程中的材料,其中锂离子电池材料是应用和开发前景最好的一种能源材料.改善和提高锂离子电池电化学性能的关键是选取充放电性能良好的电极材料.总结上海大学环境与化学工程学院在新型电极材料领域的研究进展,其中包括锡基纳米粒子、锡基/碳复合纳米材料、碳纳米材料、碳包裹磷酸铁锂复合纳米材料、氧化钴/碳复合纳米材料、氧化镍/石墨烯复合纳米材料,并对该类材料的发展趋势进行展望.     

钠离子电池电解质的研究进展

相比锂离子电池来说,钠离子电池因高能量密度和低成本引起广泛关注。作为电池重要组成部分的电解质,对电池性能的发挥至关重要。简要介绍了液、固态电解质体系在钠离子电池中的研究进展,讨论这些电解质体系的电导率、电性能、电化学性能、热稳定性等特点。现今钠离子电池大多使用的是液体电解液,而液体电解液在具有高离子电导率的同时,安全性仍有待改善。而固态电解质还有许多基础科学需要探索,并且需要考虑电导率、成本等因素。基于以上评述,希望对钠离子电池电解质的研究发展提供帮助。     

The Impact of Nanocomposite Materials on Lithium Ion Batteries

1 Results Lithiumion batteries have become the power source of choice for consumer electronic devices such as cell phones and laptop computers due to their high energy density and long cycle life. In addition,lithium-ion batteries are expected to be a major breakthrough in the hybrid vehicle field.Despite their successful commercial application,further performance improvement of the lithium ion battery is still required.Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies can lead to a new generation of lithium secondary...     

Charge Transfer and Bonding Strength in Lithium-intercalated Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Studied by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

1 Results The potential applications of small-, medium-and large-size polyaromatic hydrocarbons for charge and energy storage in lithium metal and lithium ion batteries are discussed. In order to find the best carbon-based electrode materials, the specific roles of the molecular and solid-state contributions have to be understood. For the molecular contributions, a semi-quantitative method is proposed to compare the charge storage capability of polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules. A compilation of result...     

Heteroatom-doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage

The increasing energy consumption and envi- ronmental concerns due to burning fossil fuel are key drivers for the development of effective energy storage systems based on innovative materials. Among these materials, graphene has emerged as one of the most promising due to its chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Heteroatom doping has been proven as an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for energy storage devices. In this view, we review the recent developments in the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped graphene in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.     

锂离子动力蓄电池充放电基本性能的研究

为了考察锂离子动力蓄电池应用于电动汽车的可行性 ,本文以MCMB和LiCoO2 为正负极材料 ,自行设计组装了 5A·h、2 5A·h和 50A·h的方形层叠式锂离子动力蓄电池 ,用恒电流限电压充放电方法研究了其在不同电流下的放电行为和荷电保持能力 .研究结果表明 :以0 .2C倍率、10 0 %DOD放电时 50A·h电池的质量比能量和能量密度可分别达到 10 7.4W·h/kg和 185.1W·h/L ,已经超过了美国电池先进联合体 (USABC)规定的动力蓄电池的中期开发目标。 5Ah电池的 1C倍率放电容量可保持 0 .1C倍率放电容量的 79.35% .电池的荷电保持性能良好 ,日平均自放电率小于 0 .32 4 % /d ,开路电压月下降只有 0 .1V左右     

全固态锂电池研究进展

 电动汽车、大规模储能和微型器件等领域的发展要求不断提高现有二次电池的能量密度、功率密度、工作温度范围和安全性。全固态锂电池作为最具潜力的电化学储能装置,近年来受到广泛关注。本文阐述了全固态锂电池的优点,即固态电解质的使用有助于提高锂电池安全性、能量密度和功率密度,拓宽电池工作温度范围和应用领域;指出了作为全固态电池关键材料的固态电解质应满足的要求,并在此基础上分别讨论了聚合物电解质和无机固态电解质（特别是硫化物和氧化物）的优缺点;介绍了固态锂电池的3 种结构类型,即薄膜型、3D 薄膜型和体型,综述了全固态锂电池从薄膜型向体型发展的历史进程及现状,并在此基础上讨论了全固态电池最终实现安全性、高能量密度和功率密度仍需解决的固态电解质材料方面问题。     

先进能源储存和转换材料专刊社论

The ever-increasing environmental problems and energy challenges have called urgent demand for utilizing green, ef-ficient, and sustainable energy, thus promoting the develop-ment of new technologies associated with energy storage and conversion systems. Amongst a wealth of energy storage devices, Li/Na/K/Zn/Mg ion batteries, metal-air batteries, and lithium–sulfur/all-solid-state batteries together with su-percapacitors as advanced power sources have attracted con-siderable interest due to their conspicuous merits of high en-ergy density, long cycle life, and good rate capability. In the energy conversion systems, solar cells and fuel cells can be considered as mainstream renewable energy resources once their manufacturing cost has decreased to an affordable level. However, the developments of advanced power sources de-pend critically on advances in materials innovation. There-fore, to promote the practical applications of these promising systems, developing high-performance electrode materials has been taken into the center stage in current research areas from chemistry, physics, and materials science fields.     

多孔球形电极颗粒中的扩散-应力耦合分析

具有良好化学稳定性及较高存储容量的多孔材料在锂离子电池及超级电容器中有广泛的应用,但已有的扩散-应力耦合模型大多忽略多孔材料的微观结构.基于此,建立考虑孔隙率和迂曲度的多孔球形电极颗粒中的扩散-应力耦合模型.针对Mn_2O_4电极进行恒压充电下的数值计算,探讨孔隙率和迂曲度系数对锂离子浓度、径向应力、环向应力及体积应变的影响,并将模型结果与他人结果进行对比.数值结果表明:迂曲度系数越大,电极中锂离子的扩散越差、体积应变越小且径向应力和环向应力越大;孔隙率越大,电极中的锂离子浓度和体积应变越大但径向应力和环向应力越小;多孔电极结构更有利于提高嵌锂能力.因此,应选择孔隙率大且迂曲度系数小的材料作为高存储容量的电极材料.     

In Situ XRD and XAS Investigation of Cathode Materials in Li-ion Battery

1 Results Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in modern portable electronics,such as cellular phones and notebook computers,because of their low cost,long life,and high energy density.In the lithium ion batteries,the cathode provides lithium ion source and plays a critical role to determinate the performance of battery.Lithium transition metal oxides have been investigated as active cathode materials due to their high potential versus Li/Li and large proportion of the lithium ions can be insert...     

铜氧化物材料的制备及其在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

铜氧化物作为重要的过渡金属氧化物,已经被广泛地应用于超导体、气体传感器、多相催化、磁力储存媒介、场发射能源、太阳能电池设备和锂离子电池等领域.由于铜氧化物低成本,容易制备,高安全性,环境友好和高理论比容量等优点,受到研究者的广泛关注.对铜氧化物的制备方法,尤其是在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用进行了综述,并对进一步提高铜氧化物材料电化学性能的研究趋势进行了展望.     

Facile ball-milled synthesis of SnS2-carbon nanocomposites with superior lithium storage

A facile high-energy ball-milling method was developed to synthesize SnS_2-carbon(SnS_2/C-x(x = 40, 50, 60 wt%)) nanocomposites. The results showed that as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), the SnS_2-C nanocomposites exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability. For the optimized SnS_2/C-50 wt% nanocomposite, a discharge capacity as high as 700 mA h g~(-1) and the initial coulombic efficiency of 80.8% were achieved at a current density of 100 mA g~(-1). The unique structure with SnS_2 nanoparticles(NPs)embedded into carbon network provided abundant Li-ion storage sites, high electronic conductivity and fast ion diffusion. The ball-milled synthesis is applicable for large-scale preparation of new sulfide-based anode materials with good performance for LIBs.     

Annealing temperature-dependent electrochemical properties of Aeroxide P25 TiO_2 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium storage

TiO_2 has been widely studied as an important electrode material for electrochemical energy storage.Understanding its relationship between textural properties and electrochemical characteristics is essential to boosting its practical performances. Herein, Aeroxide P25 TiO_2 nanoparticles annealing at different temperatures(400–600 °C) were investigated as an anode material of lithium ion battery. Their evolution in crystal phase and microstructural characteristics were characterized by XRD and BET surface analysis, and their lithium storage properties in half-cells were evaluated by various electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry, cycling testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the lithium storage properties were critically dependent on the size of TiO_2 anode materials. Pristine P25 initially exhibited the highest initial discharge specific capacity due to its smallest particle size; however, rapid capacity loss occurred during extended cycling. The annealing process was found to effectively enhance the cycling stability of TiO_2 although possessing a large particle size and smaller surface area. Typically, P400 showed the best performances in cycling stability, capacity retention ratio, and rate capability, which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of high crystallinity, reasonable particle size, and less internal resistance. This study provides an instance of optimizing the textural properties of metal oxides for advanced LIB anode material applications.     

BLim1/2+(m=6、7)团簇的结构及储氢性能的研究

为开发新型储氢材料提供更为丰富的理论基础,采用B3LYP泛函在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对BLi₆⁺超碱团簇和BLi₇²⁺超碱土团簇的稳定性结构、电荷分布等方面进行理论研究,进而研究团簇的储氢性能。结果表明：两个离子团簇均比它们所对应的中性团簇均具有较高的动力学稳定性。两个离子团簇中的每个Li原子同时有效吸附2个氢分子,BLi₆⁺团簇中氢分子在团簇表面平均吸附能为0.969~2.162kCal/mol,储氢质量分数达31.56wt%。而BLi₇⁺团簇中氢分子在团簇表面平均吸附能为1.764~3.714kCal/mol,储氢质量分数达32.21wt%。它们的储氢性能表明BLi₆⁺团簇和BLi₇²⁺团簇均有望成为良好的储氢媒介。     

Mesoporous carbon with large pores as anode for Na-ion batteries

Sodium ion(Na+)batteries have attracted increased attention for energy storage owing to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium.Herein,we report the synthesis of mesoporous carbon with large pores as anode for Na-ion batteries.The mesoporous carbon was obtained by carbonization and dense packing of 50 nm resorcinol and formaldehyde spheres synthesized through an extension Sto¨ber method.Our work demonstrates that replacement of lithium by sodium using large pore carbon as anode might offer an alternative route for rechargeable batteries.     

Facile synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for enhanced performance of lithium ion battery

Recently, metal oxides as high capacity anode materials had been investigated for lithium ion batteries.However, the fast capacity fading upon cycling leaded poor durability, which hindered their application as higher energy density of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a nanostructured nanocomposite with graphene supported CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) was prepared via simple hydrothermal reaction. The uniform CoFe_2O_4 NPs were anchored on graphene sheets, which brought a good performance on cyclability. Combined with the optimization of graphene content, the anode delivered a better capacity retention of 944 m A h g~(-1)over 50 cycles at current density of 100 m A g~(-1)and the good reversible capacity as 990 m A h g~(-1)when the rate returned from 5 A g~(-1)to 0.1 A g~(-1)after 60 cycles. The present work provided a desired structure for conversion anode materials or other electrode materials of large volume change.