Influence of size effect and boundary conditions on temperature overshooting in nanoscale thermal conduction

The temperature overshooting phenomenon in one-dimensional nanoscale heat conduction in thin films is studied for various boundary conditions.The results show that when ballistic heat transport strongly affects the heat transport process,temperature overshooting is more likely to occur.A sudden increase of temperature on only one surface of a thin film cannot trigger temperature overshooting,while symmetric boundary temperature perturbations lead to the largest temperature overshooting.Twodimensional heat conduction is also studied in a nanoscale area.The analytic results show that Fourier’s law may severely underestimate the temperatures in nanofilms as well as in nanoareas when temperature overshooting occurs.     

Non-Fourier Heat Conduction Effects During High-Energy Beam Metalworking

Non-Fourier heat conduction induced by ultrafast heating of metals with a high-energy density beam was analyzed. The non-Fourier effects during high heat flux heating were illustrated by comparing the transient temperature response to different heat flux and material relaxation times. Based on the hyperbolic heat conduction equation for the non-Fourier heat conduction law, the equation was solved using a hybridmethod co mbining an analytical solution and numerical inversion of the Laplace transforms for a semiinfinite body with the heat flux boundary. Analysis of the temperature response and distribution led to a criterion for the applicability of the non-Fourier heat conduction law. The results show that at a relatively large heat flux, such as greater than 108 W/cm2, the heat-affected zone in the metal material experiences a strong thermal shock as the non-Fourier effects cause a large step increase in the surface temperature. The results provide a method for analyzing transient heat conduction problems using a high-energy density beam, such as electron beam deep penetration welding.     

由激光辐照固体表面引起的非Fourier三维传热问题的解析解

针对激光束瞬间加热物体表面时,材料表面附近温度场变化的问题,建立了基于非傅里叶热传导理论的三维热传导数学模型. 考虑了激光束的聚焦特征,即热量或高温主要集中在光束中心附近的局部区域,且沿材料表面切向呈非均匀分布. 利用积分变换技巧,得到了问题Laplace逆变换的解析形式,从而给出了新的温度场解析解,并据此分析了传热过程中固体内部的温度场演化规律及特征. 数值计算结果显示,该问题的温度场呈现出明显的非傅里叶传热特征,与经典的热传导的扩散形式不同,它是以波的形式进行传热的.      

Some non-Fourier heat conduction characters under pulsed inlet conditions

Through simulating one-and two-dimensional non-Fourier heat conduction problems under different pulsed inlet conditions, this paper numerically predicts some different non-Fourier heat conduction characters arose from different pulse types and different pulse frequencies. Meanwhile, the differences among thermal wave, non-Fourier and Fourier heat conduction are also showed.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of non-Fourier heat conduction

Unsteady heat conduction is known to deviate significantly from Fourier＇s law when the system time and length scales are within certain temporal and spatial windows of relaxation. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate unsteady heat conduction in argon thin films with a sudden temperature increase or heat flux at one surface to study the non-Fourier heat conduction effects in argon thin films. The studies were conducted with both pure argon films and films with vacancy defects. The temperature profiles in the argon films showed the existence of mechanical waves when the thin film was suddenly heated and the wave nature of the heat propagation. The flux phase relaxation time, Zq, and the temperature phase relaxation time,τt, were calculated from the temporal variations of the energy flux and temperature distribution in the film. Comparisons of the MD temperature profiles with temperature profiles predicted by Fourier＇s law show that Fourier＇s law is not able to predict the temperature variations with time. Different film thicknesses were also studied to illustrate the variation of the time needed for the films to reach steady-state temperature profiles after a sudden temperature rise at one surface and to illustrate the finite speed of the energy waves.     

脉冲热流作用下球体内的非傅立叶热传导

分析了球形物体表面遭受一随时间变化脉冲热流时的双曲型非傅立叶热传导问题．给出了此类超急速传热情形下的热传导方程、边界条件及初始条件的无量纲形式,采用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换技术,求得了任意时刻球体内部温度分布的解析解．作为算例,计算了方波脉冲这类随时间变化热流作用下球体内的温度变化,结果表明,该类超急速热传导问题与常规的傅立叶热传导相比具有明显不同的特征     

生物组织中异常热源信息获取方法

为通过相对简单的热传递模型建立表面温度分布与内部热源之间的关系,从生物传热理论出发,研究了内热源影响下的组织表面温度分布,实现了在表面温度分布已知的情况下得到内部热源的相关信息.基于傅里叶定律和能量守恒定律建立了具有内热源的组织导热微分方程,通过求解微分方程推导出组织表面温度分布与内部异常热源之间的组织传热模型,采用有限元分析方法对该模型进行模拟计算和数值分析.考虑了两种不同情况下的组织内部异常热源信息的获取,所得结果(1.64 cm、1.56 cm、1.55 cm和0.78 cm、1.64 cm、2.55 cm)与根据热断层成像技术估测所得的热源深度(1.6 cm和0.8 cm、1.6 cm、2.5 cm)十分接近,验证了模型的可行性与准确性.     

One-dimensional unsteady general solution for Wang bioheat transfer equation with heat source proportional to temperature

An analytical general solution is derived for the non-Fourier Wang bioheat transfer model with special internal heat production. It is valuable for finding the special solutions with specified conditions and for expanding the understanding of the non-Fourier heat conduction phenomena in living tissues, for example, the controversial temperature fluctuation effects. This analytical solution can also be used as the benchmark solution to check the numerical calculations and to develop various numerical computational approaches. Because there is an arbitrary function in the expression of internal heat production, this solution can actually be applied to many types of internal heat production distributions.     

Experimental study on the in-plane thermal conductivity of Au nanofilms

The in-plane thermal conductivity of Au nanofilms with thickness of 23 nm, which are fabricated by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition method and a suspension technology, is experimentally measured at 80-300 K by a one-dimensional steady-state electrical heating method. Strong size effects are found on the measured nanofilm thermal conductivity. The Au nanofilm in-plane thermal conductivity is much less than that of the bulk material. With the increasing temperature, the nanofilm thermal conductivity increases. This is opposite to the temperature dependence of the bulk property. The Lorenz number of the Au nanofilms is about three times larger than the bulk value and decreases with the increasing temperature, which indicates the invalidity of the Wiedemann-Franz law for metallic nanofilms.     

Experimental study on the in-plane thermal conductivity of Au nanofilms

The in-plane thermal conductivity of Au nanofilms with thickness of 23 nm, which are fabricated by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition method and a suspension technology, is experimentally measured at 80-300 K by a one-dimensional steady-state electrical heating method. Strong size effects are found on the measured nanofilm thermal conductivity. The Au nanofilm in-plane thermal conductivity is much less than that of the bulk material. With the increasing temperature, the nanofilm thermal conductivity increases. This is opposite to the temperature dependence of the bulk property. The Lorenz number of the Au nanofilms is about three times larger than the bulk value and decreases with the increasing temperature, which indicates the invalidity of the Wiedemann-Franz law for metallic nanofilms.     

常压下Se和Te电子结构和弹性性质的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函的第一性原理, 计算ⅥA族元素Se和Te在常压下的能带结构、 电子态密度、 弹性系数和德拜温度. 能带结构和电子态密度的计算结果表明: Se为间接带隙半导体,  Se费米面附近的导带和价带主要来自外层4p⁴电子的贡献, 4s²电子对费米面附近的导带和价带贡献较少; Te为直接带隙半导体, Te费米面附近的导带和价带主要来自外层5p⁴电子的贡献, 5s²电子对费米面附近的导带和价带贡献较少.  弹性系数计算结果表明: 常压下具有六角结构的Se和Te的力学性质稳定;  其德拜温度分别为263 K和315 K.      

空间结构瞬态温度场的Fourier-有限元分析

针对航天结构常用的空心圆杆 ,提出了一种计算其温度场的 Fourier—有限单元法 ,沿杆长用有限元离散 ,沿周向温度分布展成三角函数。圆管温度单元每个结点包含平均温度、余弦和正弦分布温度幅三个自由度。在每个时间步内实现了平均温度增量与沿截面温差增量的解耦。在每个时间步内求解一组平均温度增量的非线性方程组 ,根据每一时刻的平均温度求解两组关于截面内温差的线性方程组 ,从而得到薄壁圆管的温度分布。利用该方法 ,对 Hubble太空望远镜的太阳能帆板瞬态温度场进行了分析 ,指出了热载荷可诱发太阳能帆板扭转     

热镦棒料温度场的研究

对电热镦粗棒料工艺中通电加热的导热机理进行了理论推导，建立了非稳态、有内热源及变电阻率的导热微分方程式．通过实验，给出了初始条件和边界条件，采用有限傅里叶变换法，求得了定解问题的解析解，经试验验证，与实测值偏差小于５％，可用作温度控制的数学模型．     

三角形并联微通道换热特性研究

基于Navier-Stokes方程的传统理论,把整个实验硅晶片上的所有并联微通道纳入计算区域,通过FLUENT商业软件对其进行数值模拟.计算得到的温度场和实验结果的红外成像数据对比,吻合得很好,从而验证了数值计算的正确性.对并联通道中的不同通道计算结果表明,不同微通道中流量几乎没有差异,但是不能完全忽略热流密度的差异.此外,通过三角形微通道在壁面上的热流密度分布很不均匀,与矩形通道截然相反;轴向导热对热流密度的分布有很大影响.在进出口温差较大时,用进出口平均温度作定性温度计算的结果与变物性计算的结果相比,误差很小.     

大体积混凝土绝热温升表达式的推导与试验分析

由固体热传导理论可知,大体积混凝土绝热温升仅与其中的水泥水化放热规律有关。在化学反应过程中,温度对化学反应速率的影响服从Arrhenius方程。因此,根据水泥恒温水化放热规律和水泥水化放热行为的温度效应,可以预测任意温度条件下任一时刻水化放热总量,进而推导出大体积混凝土绝热温升表达式。试验验证采用10 mm木胶板内衬100 mm聚苯乙烯泡沫板和3 mm胶合板模拟绝热状态。最后得出大体积混凝土绝热温升表达式可以用双曲函数或复合指数函数表达,而因双曲函数形式上要比复合指数函数简单,建议使用双曲函数表达式。     

多参数对柴油机缸内瞬态传热影响的实验研究

进行了转速、平均有效压力、压缩比、进气温度和冷却水温对柴油机缸内瞬态传热影响的实验研究．试验在柴油机燃室壁面６个位置各安装１支快速响应薄膜式热电偶，在对应各测点沿竖壁一定深度布置镍铬一镍硅普通热电偶，分别测量壁面瞬态温度和坚壁一定深度位置的平均温度．在实测基础上以温度为边界条件，根据一维导热模型计算瞬态传热率．文中对实验结果作了扼要分析，得出了多参数对瞬态传热影响的基本规律．     

高功率短脉冲激光照射下生物组织内的热传导研究

采用响应时间为1μs的超小型薄膜铂热电阻温度计及日本YOKOGAWA DL2700高速数字示波器，对微秒量级脉冲激光照射下离体动物组织内的热传导进行了实验研究，结果发现：在激光脉宽较短时，组织内出现了非傅时叶导热现象，脉宽越短，组织厚度越薄，非傅时叶导热特征越明显，功率密度和光斑直径只影响温度上升的高低，对是否会出现非傅里叶导热没有影响。     

水化热引起的大体积混凝土墙温度分析

根据已提出的考虑混凝土化学反应速度的热传导方程新理论，分析了水化热引起的大体积混凝土墙的温度场，给出了该问题非线性热传导方程的解析迭代公式，研究中，绝热温升采用了基于Arrhenius理论的有效时间的函数，从而导致求解非线性热传导方程，从计算结果得出如下结论：（a)浇筑温度对大体积混凝土墙的最高温升有显著影响，浇筑温度越高，混凝土墙的内外最大温差越大；（b)由于混凝土的导热系数低，墙中心的温度高于其表面温度，这将导致混凝土墙横断面上不同位置在不同时刻具有不同的水化热化学反应速率；（c）水化热化学反应速率随温度升高而加快，从而使混凝土硬化速度加快，初凝和最终凝固时间缩短，因此，在炎热气候条件下宜采用低热水泥。     

广义热传导方程组对参数扰动的连续依赖性

对于低温状态下的热传导方程组的初边值问题,主要讨论了在参数τ1→τ2以及μ1→μ2时的解的收敛性结果.该问题只对热流给出了边界值条件,对温度未给出边界值条件,这一点在数学、物理上更合理.     

多孔颗粒床阴燃着火实验研究与数值分析

对发生在多孔颗粒床的阴燃着火过程进行了实验研究，针对最常见的加热方式热接触，设计了平板加热的实验模型，实验表明，长时间的缓慢升温后突然出现温度的跃升是阴燃着火的基本特征，采用有限区域临界着火理论进行了数值模拟计算，得出了发生阴燃着火的临界现象的规律，主要包括：（1）燃料床尺寸不变时，如果临界热流密度增加，则临界环境温度降低，临界点燃温度增高；（2）环境温度不变时，如果临界热流密度增加，则燃料床的临界尺寸减小，临界点燃温度增高；（3）热流密度不变时，如果环境温度较高，则点燃的临界尺寸较小，同时临界点燃温度较高，以上结论与实验结果一致。