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1.
Knowledge of seasonal climate change is one of the key issues facing Quaternary paleoclimatic studies and estimating seasonal climate change is difficult,especially changes such as seasonal length on glacial-interglacial timescales.The stable isotope composition from seasonal land snail shells provides the potential to reveal seasonal climatic features.Two modern land snail species,cold-aridiphilous Pupilla aeoli and thermo-humidiphilous Punctum orphana,were collected from different climatic zones in 18 localities across the Chinese Loess Plateau,spanning 11 degrees of longitude and covering a range of 1000 km2.The duration of the snail growing season(temperature ≥10℃) was shorter(202 ± 6 d) in the eastern Loess Plateau compared with in the western Loess Plateau(162 ±7 d).The δ13C of P.aeoli shells was ?9.1‰ to ?4.7‰ and ?5.0‰ to 0.3‰ for δ18O.For P.orphana,the δ13C ranged from ?9.1‰ to ?1.9‰ and ?8.9‰ to ?2.9‰ for δ18O.Both the δ13C and δ18O differences between the two snail species were reduced from the east to the western Loess Plateau(2.8‰ to 0.2 ± 1.1‰ for δ13C and 4.7‰ to 2.9 ± 1.3‰ for δ18O).These isotopic differences roughly reflect the difference in the growing season lengths between the east and west Loess Plateau indicating that the duration of the snail growing season shortens by 15 d or 19 d if the difference decreases by 1‰ in δ13C or δ18O,respectively.Thus,the difference in δ13C and δ18O between both snail species can be used to reveal the length of the snail growing season in the past.Based on our investigation,the length of the snail growing seasons from the Xifeng region during the last 75 ka was reconstructed.During the mid-Holocene(8-3 ka),the mean isotopic difference from both snail species reached maximum values of 2.6 ± 0.7‰ and 2.1 ± 1.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.This was followed by MIS 3 that ranged from 2.5 ± 0.4‰ for δ13C and 1.6 ± 0.8‰ for δ18O.The Last Glacial Maximum changed by only 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.Therefore,we estimate that the duration of the snail growing seasons to be ~200 ± 10 d during the mid-Holocene,190 ± 6 d in MIS 3 and 160 ± 3 d during the last glacial period. 相似文献
2.
In this study, we analyzed stable calcium isotope results of authigenic carbonates from two cold seep areas of the Dongsha area and the Baiyun Sag in the northern South China Sea. The stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen as well as the mineral composition of authigenic carbonates were used to investigate control calcium isotope fractionation. The δ44/40Ca ratios of the southwestern Dongsha area samples ranged from 1.21‰ to 1.52‰ and the ratio of the Baiyun Sag sample was 1.55‰ of the SRM915a isotope standard. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the carbonate samples consisted of dolomite, calcite and aragonite, with small amounts of high-Mg calcite and siderite. The δ13C values of the carbonates of the southwestern Dongsha area varied between δ49.21‰ and δ16.86‰ of the Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (VPDB) standard and the δ18O values ranged from 2.25‰ to 3.72‰ VPDB. The δ13C value of the Baiyun Sag sample was 2.36‰ VPDB and the δ18O value was 0.44‰ VPDB. The δ13C values of the carbonates of the southwestern Dongsha area revealed there is methane seeping into this area, with a variable contribution of methane-derived carbon. The sampled carbonates covered a range of δ13C values suggesting a dominant methane carbon source for the light samples and mixtures of δ13C values for the heavier samples, with possibly an organic or seawater carbon source. The δ18O values indicated that there is enrichment in 18O, which is related to the larger oxygen isotope fractionation in dolomite compared to calcite. The results of the Baiyun Sag sample exhibited normal seawater carbon and oxygen isotopic values, indicating that this sample is not related to methane seepage but instead to precipitation from seawater. The relatively high δ44/40Ca values indicated either precipitation at comparatively high rates in pore-water regimes with high alkalinity, or precipitation from an evolved heavy fluid with high degrees of Ca consumption (Raleigh type fractionation). The dolomite samples from the Dongsha area revealed a clear correlation between the carbon and calcium isotope composition, indicating a link between the amount and/or rate of carbonate precipitation and methane contribution to the bicarbonate source. The results of the three stable isotope systems, mineralogy and petrography, show that mineral composition, the geochemical environment of authigenic carbonates and carbon source can control the calcium isotope fractionation. 相似文献
3.
Variation of soil Δδ13C values in Xifeng loess-paleosol sequence and its paleoenvironmental implication 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NING Youfeng LIU Weiguo AN Zhisheng 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(11):1350-1354
The carbon isotopic compositions of soil organic matter (SOM) and total carbonate (TC) in Xifeng Ioess-paleosol sequence have been studied. The δ^13CsoM values vary from -23.8‰ to -20.2‰, which are higher in interglacial than in glacial stages. Contrary to δ^13Csoi values, the δ^13CTc values vary from -8.5‰ to -3.6‰ and are lower in interglacial than in glacial stages. The differences (△δ^13C) between the δ^13CsoM and δ^13CTc values vary from 14.1‰ to 19.4‰. Our results from the Xifeng loesspaleosol sequence indicate that the △δ^13C values represent the ratio of primary carbonate (PC) to secondary carbonate (SC). The △δ^13C values were high in the loess stages, and the maximal PC-to-SC ratio can reach 6:4. But in the paleosol stages, the △δ^13C values were low, with a small proportion of PC. The △δ^13C values in Ioess-paleosol sequence also indicate the contributions of the dust to the loess sediment in the Chinese Loess Plateau because the dust contains the PC. 相似文献
4.
Foliar δ^13C and δ^15N values of C3 plants in the Ethiopia Rift Valley and their environmental controls 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIU XiaoHong ZHAO LiangJu GASAW Menassie GAO DengYi QIN DaHe REN JiaWen 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(9):1265-1273
The foliar C and N stable isotopic compositions (δ^13C and δ^15N) and the relationships between these compositions and environmental factors of C3 plants in the Ethiopia Rift Valley were investigated. There were three distribution patterns for foliar δ^13C with mean values of -26.7‰±0.4‰, -29.7‰ ±0.6‰ , and -26.9‰± 1.2‰ in cold-moist, temperate-moist, and arid-hot environments, respectively. The δ^15N values ranged from -1.4‰ ±1.7‰ to 14.3‰ ± 0.1‰, with higher values under arid-hot conditions and the lowest values in plants growing at higher altitudes under cold-moist conditions. A strong negative relationship between mean annual precipitation and δ^15N explained more than half of the observed variation in the δ^15N values (r2= 0.54, P 〈 0.001); a modest positive relationship was also found between δ^15N and temperature (r2 = 0.32, P 〈 0.01). A weakly positive relationship existed between δ^13C and temperature, and changes in δ^13C values with precipitation and altitude followed quadratic curves. This suggests a shift in the effects of water and heat conditions caused by altitude on carbon isotopic discrimination. 相似文献
5.
Isotopic composition characteristics and identification of immature and lowmature oils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isotopic composition characteristics and the significance of immature and low-mature oils are first systematically discussed.
The carbon isotopes of the whole oil can be divided into two groups, one has δ13C main peak values ranging from -30‰ to -29 and the other from -27‰ to-25‰, they are related to lacustrine and salt-lake facies
or swamp facies, respectively. The carbon isotopic fractionation among different group components is relatively small, usually
less than 2‰ and the biggest difference in fractionation often occurs between saturated and aromatic fractions. Their δD values
vary between -180‰ and -130‰ The main peak of their δD values concentrates between -170‰ and -150‰, suggesting a domination
of lacustrine fades. However, the secondary peak ranges from -160‰ to -150‰, showing a frequent salinization of paleo-water
bodies. The average δ13C values of the methane vary between -50‰ and -52‰, about 10‰ lighter than those of mature oils. There is a relatively good
correlationship between immature and low-mature oils and their source rocks in carbon isotopic compositions of group fractions
and monohydrocarbons; moreover, compared with the source rocks of mature oils, that of immature oils is often relatively depleted
in13C, which is one of the characteristics of immature oils, differing from those of mature oils. 相似文献
6.
Southwest monsoon changes indicated by oxygen isotope of ostracode shells from sediments in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
LIU XingQi SHEN Ji WANG SuMin WANG YongBo LIU WeiGuo 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(4):539-544
The δ 18O records of ostracode shells in sediments of core QH-2000 from Qinghai Lake can be used as a better proxy to reflect monsoon changes. Low monsoon precipitation between 17.5 and 11 cal. ka BP is indicated by positive δ 18O values averaging 2.37‰. A fast shift in δ 18O from positive at 11 cal. ka BP to negative at 10 cal. ka BP indicates sharp increase of monsoon precipitation. An interval of generally high monsoon precipitation is observed between 10 and 6 cal. ka BP with δ 18O values averaging -2.15‰. Decrease of monsoon precipitation between 6 and 2.5 cal. ka BP is indicated by positive δ 18O values. δ 18O keeps positive values averaging 3.0‰ between 2.5 and 0 cal. ka BP suggesting low high monsoon precipitation. The climatic changes indicated by δ 18O records of ostracode shells in sedi- ments of core QH-2000 from Qinghai Lake and our broader regional comparison show that the climate in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial is probably controlled by southwest monsoon other than southeast monsoon. 相似文献
7.
LIU ZongXiu GU ZhaoYan WU NaiQin XU Bing 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(3):388-394
Carbon isotope compositions for both the carbonate shells and soft bodies (organic tissue) of living land snails collected mostly from the Loess Plateau, China have been measured. The result shows that δ 13C values range from -13.1‰ to -4.3‰ for the aragonite shell samples and from -26.8‰ to -18.0‰ for the soft body samples. Although the shells are enriched in 13C relative to the bodies averagely by 14.2(±0.8)‰, the shell δ 13Ca values are closely correlated to the body δ 13Corg values, expressed as δ 13Ca = 1.021 δ 13Corg 14.38 (R = 0.965; N = 31). This relationship indicates that δ 13Ca is primarily a function of the isotopic composition of the snail diets since previous studies have proved that the snail body is the same as their food in carbon isotope composition. In other words, carbon isotope compo-sition of the carbonate shell can be used as a proxy to estimate the dietary 13C abundance of the land snails. The data also support that the 13C enrichment of the carbonate shells results mainly from the equilibrium fractionations between the metabolic CO2, HCO3-in the hemolymph and shell aragonite, and partially from kinetic fractionations when snail shells form during their activity. 相似文献
8.
SONG Zhiguang WANG Cuiping 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(14):1736-1740
The methanogenic archaea and sulfate reduction bacteria are flourishing in the sediments associated with gas venting and gas hydrate settings on the sea floor, where the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) me-diated by these bacteria is the dominant path… 相似文献
9.
Preliminary study of microscale zircon oxygen isotopes for Dabie-Sulu metamorphic rocks: Ion probe in situ analyses 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
CHENDaogong DelouleEtienne CHENGHao XIAQunke WUYuanbao 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(16):1670-1678
151 in situ analyses of oxygen isotopes were carried out by ion micro-probe for zircons from 8 localities of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks including eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu terrane. The results show significant heterogeneity in δ^18O values, with variation in different rocks from -8.5‰ to 9.7‰ and within one sample from 2‰ to 12‰. No measurable difference in δ^18O was observed between protolith magmatic (detrital) zircons and metamorphic recrystallized zircons within analytical uncertainties from the ion micro-probe measurements. This indicates that the metamorphic zircons have inherited the oxygen isotopic compositions of protolith zircons despite the HP to UHP metamorphism. According to their protolith ages from zircon U-Pb in situ dating by the same ion micro-probe, two groups of oxygen isotope composition are recognized, with one having δ^18O values of 6‰-7‰ for old protolith of 1.9-2.5 Ga ages and the other 0‰-2‰ for young protolith of 0.7-0.8 Ga ages. The latter anomalously low δ^18O values of zircons indicate that the magma has had the obvious involvement of meteoric water when forming the young protolith of high-grade metamorphic rocks. This may be correlated with the snowball Earth event occurring in South China and the world elsewhere during the Neoproterozoic. 相似文献
10.
Carbon isotopic record of foraminifers in surface sediments from the South China Sea and its significance 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
CHENGXinrong WANGPinxian HUANGBaoqi LIUChuanlian JIANZhimin ZHAOQuanhong LIJianru TIANJun XUJian 《科学通报(英文版)》2005,50(2):162-166
Since the 1990s, the papers and data involved withthe South China Sea (SCS) have been emerging in largenumbers in the world as people pay more attention to thepaleoceanography of the SCS. There have been more than100 cores mentioned in papers containing p… 相似文献
11.
Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
CHEN Zhong YAN Wen CHEN Muhong WANG Shuhong LU Jun ZHANG Fan XIANG Rong XIAO Shangbin YAN Pin GU Senchang 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(10):1228-1237
The geotectonic evolution of the northern South China Sea (SCS) is controlled by the Eurasian, the Pa-cific and the Indian-Australian Plates. With regard to its tectonic evolution, the northern margin composed of faulted terraces and basins and deposited … 相似文献
12.
This study deals with δ13 C variation in karst soil system of Yaji Karst Experiment Site, Guilin, a typical region of humid subtropical karst formations.
Samples of near ground air, plant tissue, soil and water (soil solution and karst spring) were respectively collected on site
in different seasons during 1996–1999. Considerable variation of δ13 C values are not only found with different carbon pools of soil organic carbon, soil air CO2 and soil water HCO3−, but also with the soil depths and with different seasons during a year. The °13 C values of CO2 both of near ground air and soil air are lower in July than those in April by 1‰–4‰ PDB. Our results indicate that the δ13 C values of carbon in the water and air are essentially dependent on interface carbon interaction of air-plant—soil-rock—water
governed by soil organic carbon and soil CO2 in the system. 相似文献
13.
Surface soil samples collected over a high spatial resolution in eastern China were analyzed for carbon isotope composition (δ^13C) of total organic carbon (TOC) and higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes, with the latter reported as weighted mean values. The two sets of δ^13C values are significantly correlated and show similar trends in spatial variation. The spatial distribution of δ^13C shows less negative values in the mid-latitudes between 31°N and 40°N and more negative ones at higher and lower latitudes. This is consistent with previously reported carbon isotope data from surface soil phytoliths in the same region and suggests that the mid-latitude area provides relatively favorable growing condi- tions for C4 plants. Furthermore, δ^13C values of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes from 12 surface soil samples collected from a small grassland in north China displayed similar carbon isotope values and the difference between paired δ^13C of a soil samples remains relatively constant. Our data demonstrate that in eastern China, soil δ^13C composition of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes is effective indicators of C3/C4 ratios of the prevailing vegetation. This work suggests that -22‰ and -32‰ are good es- timated end members for the weighted mean δ^13C values of long-chain n-alkanes (C27, C29 and C31 n-alkanes) from soils under dominant C4 or C3 vegetation, allowing us to reconstruct paleovegetation trends. 相似文献
14.
δ13C of dolostones from the Wumishan Formation (1 310-1 207 Ma) in the Ming Tombs area near Beijing ranges from - 1.5 to 1.5‰ (PDB), and generally, the δ18O ranges from - 4 to - 5‰ (PDB). The secular variation of stable carbon isotopic compositions is cyclic. δ13C displays positive shifts from a sequence boundary to 1.5 per mil (PDB), then a negative shifts to - 1.5 per mil (PDB). In some unit, where δ13C values of the rocks are negative, they have relatively high δ18O values close to -4.0‰ (PDB). These characteristics of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions may be associated with sea-level changes. 相似文献
15.
Variations of organic carbon isotopic composition and its environmental significance during the last glacial on western Chinese Loess Plateau 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
CHEN Fahu RAO Zhiguo ZHANG Jiawu JIN Ming MA Jianying 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(13):1593-1602
The last glacial period is characterized by a cold and dry climate with low atmospheric CO2 concentration. The relatively arid climate and low CO2 concentration are favorable to the growth of C4 plants, but the low temperature limits the development of th… 相似文献
16.
Whether there is isotope fractionation caused by metabolism (vital effect) of bra-chiopods in geologic time with their shells' δ18O and δ13C has been studied intensively in the field of carbonate isotope geochemistry in the last decade. The approach to dealing with the problem is by comparing isotopic compositions between different fossil brachiopods with their secondary shells which usually consist of two kinds of layers: prismatic layer composed of prismatic low-Mg calcite crystals, and fibrous layer comprising fibrous ones. The isotopic compositions of the two secondary layers have been investigated by comparison of carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions between five genera of Atrypidae collected from Givetian, Middle Devonian in Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China. Due to different microstructures of the two secondary layers, their abilities to prevent from being altered by diagenesis are also different, thus in their state of preservation. The fibrous layer is more susceptible to the diagenetic alternation than the prismatic one in the way of microfracture filling between fibrous crystals in the elongated direction. Consequently, the isotopic compositions of the fibrous layer are systematically lower than those of the prismatic layer in their δ18O and δ13C by (0.53 ± 0.08)‰ and (0. 12 ± 0.04)‰, respectively. This suggests that further studies of vital effects with brachiopod in geological times by comparison of isotopic compositions in the secondary shell take into consideration of the different states of preservation between the fibrous and the prismatic layer. 相似文献
17.
LIU Gang ZHANG XuXian TENG WeiLin YANG Hui 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(17):2435-2437
In order to identify the sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in airborne PM2.5 in Hangzhou, OC and EC were oxidized to CO2 offline in two thermal steps, and their carbon isotope compositions were measured by mass spectrometer. Results showed that the average δ13COC values were -52.8‰, -48.1‰, -50.0‰ and -52.5‰ in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, and the annual average value was -50.9‰ (-85.0‰ to -35.6‰), whereas δ13CEC values were -26.4‰, -26.9‰, -26.7‰ and -25.9‰ in the four seasons, and its annual value was -26.5‰ (-30.5‰ to -23.8‰). Large differences were found between isotope compositions of the two types of carbon. δ13COC values were much smaller than those of δ13CEC, and varied in a large range, and the ratios in both spring and winter were the smallest. δ13CEC varied in a small range, and its mean values in four seasons were nearly the same. This suggests that the carbon isotope compositions of OC and EC in PM2.5 can provide useful information in distinguishing their sources. 相似文献
18.
The lapse rate of water isotopes is used in the study of the hydrologic cycle as well as in the estimation of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.The greater elevation contrast in the Southern Himalayas allows for a detailed discussion about this lapse rate.We analyze variations of 18δO in precipitation and river water between 1320 m and 6700 m elevations in the Southern Himalayas,and calculate the specific lapse rate of water 18δO.The results show that the multi-year average lapse rate in precipitation over this region is 0.15‰/100 m.The one-year average lapse rate is 0.17‰/100 m from three sites along the Southern Himalayas.The two results agree,but are much lower than the global average of 0.28‰/100 m.This work also shows that there is a difference in precipitation 18δO lapse rate between the monsoon and non-monsoon seasons.The calculated precipitation lapse rate is much lower than that in surface water. 相似文献
19.
CO 2 is a main component of gases in the Yangbajing geothermal field, usually higher than 85 in volume; others are N 2, H 2S, H 2, CH 4, etc. Helium R/R a ratios, ranging from 0.14 to 0.46, indicate a crustal component to be dominant in the gases. δ 13C-CO 2 values and δ 34S-H 2S values are in the range -7.72‰--11.33‰ and 0.2‰-8.3‰, respectively. The gases are inferred to mostly derive from the partial melting of the Nyainqentanglha core complex. The gases of shallow and deep reservoirs are distinctive in chemical compositions and δ 34S-H 2S values, which shows their different flowing paths and physical-chemical processes. Sulphur does not approach isotopic equilibrium between H 2S and SO 2- 4 species in both reservoirs. Significance of steam chemical monitoring is also discussed. 相似文献
20.
Nitrogen isotopic composition of plant-soil in the Loess Plateau and its responding to environmental change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIU WeiGuo & WANG Zheng State Key Laboratory of Loess Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Human Settlement Civil Engineering Xi’an Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《科学通报(英文版)》2009,54(2):272-279
The nitrogen isotope of soil is of emerging significance as an indicator of climatic change and biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in nature systems. In this paper, the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of modern ecosystems from arid and semiarid Loess Plateau in northwestern China, including plant roots and surface soil, were determined to investigate trends in δ15N variation of plant roots and soil along a precipitation and temperature gradient in northwestern China under the East Asian Monsoon clim... 相似文献