水源水库沉积物磷形态分布及其释放特征

采用淡水沉积物中磷形态的标准测试方法（SMT）,分析测定了西安市汤峪水库表层沉积物中总磷及各形态磷的含量分布特征,并对该分级测定结果与间隙水水质及沉积物其他理化性质进行了相关性分析．结果表明,该水库表层沉积物中总磷（TP）含量为1215．03～1592．83μg／g;铁铝结合态磷（Fe／Al-P）平均值为241．34μg／g,其余形态磷中,钙结合态磷（Ca—P）为7111．98μg／g,有机磷（OP）为301．54μg／g．相关性分析方面,Fe／Al-P含量与间隙水中TOC浓度显著相关．环境变化会导致Fe／Al-P释放进入水体,当氧化还原条件降低时,结合态的磷会由于2价铁的溶出而释放到间隙水和上覆水中,是水库富营养化的潜在威胁．     

锦州湾沉积物和生物体中有机锡化合物的分布特征及生态风险评价

【目的】研究锦州湾沉积物和生物体中有机锡化合物(OTs)的含量及其分布特征,为有机锡输入控制和对环境造成的生态风险评价提供基础数据。【方法】利用气相色谱配FPD检测器分析沉积物和生物体中3种丁基锡和3种苯基锡的含量。【结果】沉积物中OTs的含量为5.89~26.6ng Sn/g,除三苯基锡(TPhT)外,其它5种有机锡均有检出;生物样品中含量为13.2~170ng Sn/g,3种丁基锡和3种苯基锡均有检出。【结论】锦州湾沉积物中的OTs与国内其它海区水平相当,其组成比例显示有新的输入源;三丁基锡(TBT)降解程度不高;6种生物样富集OTs的含量与其脂肪含量之间无显著的相关性,且体内OTs的组成比例不同,表明生物选择性富集OTs;沉积物中三丁基锡化合物(TBT)含量处在低筛选浓度和高筛选浓度之间,TBT对生态环境产生中等程度的负面影响,应当引起足够的重视。     

粤东南澳岛近岸海域表层沉积物碳、氮、磷分布特征及污染评价

本研究旨在了解粤东南澳岛近岸海域表层沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的分布情况及污染状况,为该海域环境保护和治理提供科学依据。实验以粤东南澳岛近岸海域32个表层沉积物样品为研究对象,分析其TOC、TN和TP的含量及分布特征,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对TOC、TN和TP的污染程度进行评价,基于表层沉积物中TOC和TN的摩尔比值探讨其有机质的来源,并在此基础上探讨表层沉积物中TOC、TN和TP的富集影响因素。研究结果表明,南澳岛近岸海域表层沉积物中TOC、TN和TP含量分别为0.180%-0.920%、0.006%-0.210%和0.015%-0.059%,表现出南澳岛南北两侧高、东西两侧低,南澳岛以东由岸及海,含量逐渐降低的分布特征;与国内相邻海域相比,南澳岛近岸海域表层沉积物TOC、TN和TP含量处于较低水平。根据TOC和TN摩尔比值推断,南澳岛近岸海域表层沉积物中有机质以海源和陆源混合输入为主。南澳岛近岸海域表层沉积物未受TOC和TP污染,但大部分区域受到TN污染;40.6%的表层沉积物处于较清洁及以上水平,59.4%的表层沉积物为轻度污染到中...     

草海表层沉积物有机碳、氮、磷分布特征及污染评价

本文以浅水型湖泊草海为研究对象,系统地研究了营养盐在草海湿地沉积物中的分布规律和来源,并采用单因子指数法对沉积物中TOC、TN和TP的污染程度进行了评价。结果表明:草海表层沉积物的TOC、TN含量普遍较高,且具有显著的同源相关性;TP含量相对较低,且与TN不同源。E区及近岸区域沉积物中TOC、TN和TP的陆源污染相对较重。草海沉积物TOC和TN含量足以造成严重的生态毒性效应;而TP对环境产生的危害较小。草海各采样区表层沉积物TOC和TN的污染程度为S区>N区>E区,TP的污染程度为E区>S区>N区。     

椒江中下游沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布特征

自椒江中下游采集了14个表层沉积物样品,以研究该区域中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs ）的含量、分布及其来源．研究结果表明,椒江中下游是PBDEs的高污染区,Σ9 PBDEs（包括BDE28、47、66、99、100、138、153、154、183）浓度范围分别在8．93-45．04 ng/g （干重）,平均浓度分别为22．31 ng/g ,是目前世界上已报道沉积物中含量最高的区域之一．此外,在所有被分析的样品中BDE209都是最主要的同系物,表明十溴联苯醚已进入环境并成为污染水平最高的一类PBDEs ．     

福建兴化湾沉积物中多氯联苯的残留和风险评价

利用GC - MS对福建兴化湾15个表层沉积物样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量进行了定量分析,并探讨了其在沉积物中的空间分布与来源.结果表明:PCBs的含量范围为:23.81～37.18 ng/g,平均值为27.85ng／g.主成分分析表明,PCBs同系物组成以3～5氯为主,占总PCBs含量的80％左右,这与中国PC...     

条子河中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的时空分布及来源解析

以辽河支流条子河中的多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）为目标物, 分别于春汛期、 丰水期、 平水期和枯水期采集水样及表层沉积物样品, 分析样品中PAHs和OCPs的赋存状态及污染物在该区域的分布和来源. 结果表明： 条子河水中总PAHs的质量浓度为658.1~3 096.6 ng/L, 均值（算术平均值, 下同）为
1 522.1 ng/L; 沉积物中总PAHs的质量比为775.7~2 835.4 ng/g, 均值为1 374.0 ng/g; 条子河水中总α,β,γ HCHs（六六六）的质量浓度为5.36~16.57 ng/L, 均值为10.93 ng/L; 滴滴涕（DDTs)未检出; 沉积物中总HCHs的质量比为2.87~5.56 ng/g, 均值为4.34 ng/g; 条子河水和沉积物中PAHs的含量均为自上游至下游递减, 且枯水期>平水期>春汛期>丰水期; 条子河水中HCHs的质量浓度自上游至下游递增, 且丰水期>春汛期>平水期>枯水期, 沉积物中HCHs的质量比自上游至下游递减, 且枯水期>平水期>春汛期>丰水期; 条子河中的PAHs主要来源于煤炭燃烧和交通燃烧, HCHs主要来源于农药林丹的使用.     

珠江口伶仃洋表层沉积物的重矿物特征及其对陆架水入侵的反映

珠江口伶仃洋表层沉积物中业经鉴定的重矿物共有近３０种（类）．根据重矿物种类和含量的分布特点，可将海区划分为４个重矿物组合类型及相应的４个矿物区，浅海残留砂矿物区主要受陆架水入侵控制；河口湾矿物区主要受陆架水入侵的顶托影响；混合矿物区处于陆架水入侵控制一顶托影响的过渡地段。伶仃洋由于受下泄径流和陆架水入侵的夹击作用，致使其底质沉积物的粒度及重矿物的含量，由陆向海分别呈现“粗－细－粗”和“高－低－高”的变化趋势。     

广西主要海水贝类养殖区环境质量状况评价

根据2006-2007年钦州近江牡蛎天然增养殖区、合浦廉州湾贝类（文蛤）养殖区的调查监测数据,综合分析和评价广西主要海水贝类养殖区域环境质量状况。在监测和评价的环境质量因子中,广西主要海水贝类养殖区的绝大多数监测指标均符合渔业水质标准和海水水质标准（Ⅱ类）的要求,环境质量状况总体良好,适合发展贝类养殖生产。广西主要海水贝类养殖区的主要污染物为无机氮、活性磷酸盐及沉积物中重金属铜、锌、砷等,这些监测指标在贝类养殖区局部出现超标情况,其中钦州近江牡蛎天然增养殖区2007年无机氮平均含量（0．40mg／L）超标0．34倍,铜含量最高值（39mg／kg）超标0．11倍,锌含量最高值（474mg／kg）超标2．16倍;合浦廉州湾贝类养殖区的东江口监测点2007年的无机氮（0．380mg／L）和活性磷酸盐（0．0362mg／L）略为超标,但均比2006年明显降低,2007年党江深水区监测点砷含量（39．11mg／kg）超标0．96倍。超标原因是养殖区外源污染或环境本底超标,而非贝类养殖自身污染所致。     

柘林湾养殖区表层沉积物中生源要素的分布

2008年12月在柘林湾养殖区域内采集了11个站位的表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中的生源要素进行分析.结果表明:生物硅(BSi)的质量分数为1.83%～2.98%,有机碳(TOC)质量分数为0.38%～1.28%,总氮(TN)的质量分数为0.04%～0.25%,总磷(TP)的质量分数为0.022%～0.061%.从TOC/TN比值来看,柘林湾表层沉积物中TOC主要来源于水生有机碳.沉积物中生源要素的毒性潜在生态危害基本属于Ⅰ-Ⅱ污染水平,尚未对底栖生物造成危害,但需要加强污染控制,防止沉积环境的进一步恶化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with