New species of Talinum (Portulaceae) from Utah

New species of Mentzelia and Phacelia are described from northwestern New Mexico, USA, as Mentzelia todiltoensis , N. Duane Atwood & Stanley L. Welsh, and Phacelia sivinskii N. D. Atwood, sp. nov. The new Mentzelia is compared to M. humilis based on similarities in seed, fruit, leaf, and flower morphology and to M. memorabalis in stem, leaf, and fruit morphology. Phacelia sivinskii is compared to P. constancei N. D. Atwood on the basis of seed, leaf, and flower morphology.     

New species of Mentzelia (Loasaceae) and Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from New Mexico

New species of Mentzelia and Phacelia are described from northwestern New Mexico, USA, as Mentzelia todiltoensis , N. Duane Atwood & Stanley L. Welsh, and Phacelia sivinskii N. D. Atwood, sp. nov. The new Mentzelia is compared to M. humilis based on similarities in seed, fruit, leaf, and flower morphology and to M. memorabalis in stem, leaf, and fruit morphology. Phacelia sivinskii is compared to P. constancei N. D. Atwood on the basis of seed, leaf, and flower morphology.     

New Astragalus (Leguminosae) from the Goose Creek Drainage, Utah - Nevada

A new species, Astragalus anserinus Atwood, Goodrich, & Welsh, is described from specimens taken from tuffaceous outcrops in the Goose Creek drainage of Box Elder County, Utah and Elko County Nevada.        

An undescribed species of Thelypodiopsis (Brassicaceae) from the Uinta Basin, Utah

Thelypodiopsis argillacea Welsh and Atwood sp. nov. is described from specimens collected on the Green River Shale Formation in Uintah County, Utah.     

Utah plant types—historical perspective 1840 to 1981—annotated list, and bibliography

New taxa include: Cryptantha cinerea (Torr.) Cronq. var. arenicola Higgins & Welsh; Physaria chambersii Rollins var. sobolifera Welsh (Cruciferae); Phacelia demissa Gray var. minor N. D. Atwood (Hydrophyllaceae); Iris pariensis Welsh (Iridaceae); Astragalus preussii var. cutleri Barneby and Pediomelum aromaticum (Payson) Welsh var. tuhyi Welsh (Leguminosae); Abronia nana Wats. var. harrisii Welsh (Nyctaginaceae); Camissonia atwoodii Cronq. (Onagraceae); Habenaria zothecina Higgins & Welsh (Orchidaceae); Aqiiilegia formosa Fisch. in DC. var. fosteri Welsh (Ranunculaceae). New nomenclatural combinations include: Rhus aromatica Ait. var. simplicifolia (Greene) Cronq. (Anacardiaceae); Lomatium kingii (Wats.) Cronq., L. kingii var. alpinum (Wats.) Cronq. (Apiaceae); Cryptantha cinerea (Torr.) Cronq. var. laxa (Macbr.) Higgins; Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. var. nivalis (Wats.) Higgins (Boraginaceae); Opuntia erinacea Engelm. var. aurea (Baxter) Welsh (Cactaceae); Arenaria fendleri Gray var. aculeata (Wats.) Welsh, A. fendleri var. eastwoodiae (Rydb.) Welsh, Lychnis apetala L. var. kingii (Wats.) Welsh, Stellaria longipes Goldie var. monantha (Hulten) Welsh (Caryophyllaceae); Draba densifolia Nutt. ex T. & G. var. apiculata (C. L. Hitchc.) Welsh, D. oligosperma Hook. var. juniperina (Dorn) Welsh, Physaria acutifolia Rydb. var. stylosa (Rollins) Welsh, Thelypodiopsis sagittata (Nutt.) Schulz var. ovalifolia (Rydb.) Welsh (Cruciferae); Lotus plebeius (T. Brandg.) Barneby, Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. in Edwards var. ammophilus (Greene) Barneby, L polyphyllus var. humicola (A. Nels.) Barneby, L. argenteus Pursh var. fulvomaculatus (Payson) Barneby, L. argenteus var. palmeri (Wats.) Barneby, Pediomelum aromaticum (Payson) Welsh, P. epipsilum (Barneby) Welsh, Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb. var. stenophyllum (Rydb.) Welsh, and P. lanceolatum var. stenostachys (Rydb.) Welsh (Leguminosae); Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Hiemerl var. decipiens (Standl.) Welsh (Nyctaginaceae); Camissonia boothii var. condensata (Munz) Cronq., C. boothii var. villosa (Wats.) Cronq., C. clavaeformis (Torr. & Frem.) Raven var. purpurascens (Wats.) Cronq., C. scapoidea (T. & G.) var. utahensis (Raven) Welsh, Oenothera caespitosa var. macroglottis (Rydb.) Cronq., Oe. caespitosa var. navajoensis (Wagner, Stockhouse, & Klein) Cronq., Oe. flava (A. Nels.) Garrett var. acutissima (W. L. Wagner) Welsh, and Oe. primiveris Gray var. bufonis (Jones) Cronq. (Onagraceae); Papaver radicatum Rottb. var. pygmaeum (Rydb.) Welsh (Papaveraceae); Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. var. zionense (Eastw.) Welsh (Primulaceae); Aquilegia flavescens Wats. var. rubicunda (Tidestr.) Welsh, Delphinium andersonii Gray var. scaposum (Greene) Welsh, D. occidentalis (Wats.) Wats. var. barbeyi (Huth) Welsh, and Ranunculus andersonii Gray var. juniperinus (Jones) Welsh (Ranunculaceae); Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Welsh and P. mexicana var. stansburyi (Torr.) Welsh (Rosaceae); Galium mexicanum H.B.K. var. asperrimum (Gray) Higgins & Welsh (Rubiaceae); Castilleja parvula Rydb. var. revealii (N. Holmgren) N. D. Atwood and C. rhexifolia Rydb. var. sulphurea (Rydb.) N. D. Atwood (Scrophulariaceae).     

New taxa and combinations in the Utah flora

New taxa include: Cryptantha cinerea (Torr.) Cronq. var. arenicola Higgins & Welsh; Physaria chambersii Rollins var. sobolifera Welsh (Cruciferae); Phacelia demissa Gray var. minor N. D. Atwood (Hydrophyllaceae); Iris pariensis Welsh (Iridaceae); Astragalus preussii var. cutleri Barneby and Pediomelum aromaticum (Payson) Welsh var. tuhyi Welsh (Leguminosae); Abronia nana Wats. var. harrisii Welsh (Nyctaginaceae); Camissonia atwoodii Cronq. (Onagraceae); Habenaria zothecina Higgins & Welsh (Orchidaceae); Aqiiilegia formosa Fisch. in DC. var. fosteri Welsh (Ranunculaceae). New nomenclatural combinations include: Rhus aromatica Ait. var. simplicifolia (Greene) Cronq. (Anacardiaceae); Lomatium kingii (Wats.) Cronq., L. kingii var. alpinum (Wats.) Cronq. (Apiaceae); Cryptantha cinerea (Torr.) Cronq. var. laxa (Macbr.) Higgins; Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. var. nivalis (Wats.) Higgins (Boraginaceae); Opuntia erinacea Engelm. var. aurea (Baxter) Welsh (Cactaceae); Arenaria fendleri Gray var. aculeata (Wats.) Welsh, A. fendleri var. eastwoodiae (Rydb.) Welsh, Lychnis apetala L. var. kingii (Wats.) Welsh, Stellaria longipes Goldie var. monantha (Hulten) Welsh (Caryophyllaceae); Draba densifolia Nutt. ex T. & G. var. apiculata (C. L. Hitchc.) Welsh, D. oligosperma Hook. var. juniperina (Dorn) Welsh, Physaria acutifolia Rydb. var. stylosa (Rollins) Welsh, Thelypodiopsis sagittata (Nutt.) Schulz var. ovalifolia (Rydb.) Welsh (Cruciferae); Lotus plebeius (T. Brandg.) Barneby, Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. in Edwards var. ammophilus (Greene) Barneby, L polyphyllus var. humicola (A. Nels.) Barneby, L. argenteus Pursh var. fulvomaculatus (Payson) Barneby, L. argenteus var. palmeri (Wats.) Barneby, Pediomelum aromaticum (Payson) Welsh, P. epipsilum (Barneby) Welsh, Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb. var. stenophyllum (Rydb.) Welsh, and P. lanceolatum var. stenostachys (Rydb.) Welsh (Leguminosae); Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Hiemerl var. decipiens (Standl.) Welsh (Nyctaginaceae); Camissonia boothii var. condensata (Munz) Cronq., C. boothii var. villosa (Wats.) Cronq., C. clavaeformis (Torr. & Frem.) Raven var. purpurascens (Wats.) Cronq., C. scapoidea (T. & G.) var. utahensis (Raven) Welsh, Oenothera caespitosa var. macroglottis (Rydb.) Cronq., Oe. caespitosa var. navajoensis (Wagner, Stockhouse, & Klein) Cronq., Oe. flava (A. Nels.) Garrett var. acutissima (W. L. Wagner) Welsh, and Oe. primiveris Gray var. bufonis (Jones) Cronq. (Onagraceae); Papaver radicatum Rottb. var. pygmaeum (Rydb.) Welsh (Papaveraceae); Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. var. zionense (Eastw.) Welsh (Primulaceae); Aquilegia flavescens Wats. var. rubicunda (Tidestr.) Welsh, Delphinium andersonii Gray var. scaposum (Greene) Welsh, D. occidentalis (Wats.) Wats. var. barbeyi (Huth) Welsh, and Ranunculus andersonii Gray var. juniperinus (Jones) Welsh (Ranunculaceae); Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Welsh and P. mexicana var. stansburyi (Torr.) Welsh (Rosaceae); Galium mexicanum H.B.K. var. asperrimum (Gray) Higgins & Welsh (Rubiaceae); Castilleja parvula Rydb. var. revealii (N. Holmgren) N. D. Atwood and C. rhexifolia Rydb. var. sulphurea (Rydb.) N. D. Atwood (Scrophulariaceae).     

Bats from the Solomon Islands

Summary

This paper reports bats obtained in the Solomon Islands by the Oxford University (Department of Zoology) Expedition to the Solomon Islands, 1953, and by the Royal Society British Solomon Islands Protectorate Expedition, 1965. Some range extensions among the islands are recorded : more notably, Emballonura dianae and Miniopterus tristis are recorded from the Solomons for the first time. Further specimens of Hipposideros dinops and Hipposideros diadena demissus are recorded and a brief review of the species of Miniopterus in Australasia has been made.     

Diptera from Nepal. Sepsidae

Summary

The material examined included six species in three genera. No new taxa are described but Parapalaeosepsis Duda and related taxa are discussed. Dicranosepsis Duda is placed in synonymy under Parapalaeosepsis, and Parapalaeosepsis bicolor (Wied.) is proposed as a new combination with Sepsis pubipes Brun. as a new synonym.     

Leeches (Hirudinea) from Ethiopia

Summary

In the collection of Leeches submitted by Dr. Brown I found the following species:

• 1. Glossiphonia disjuncta Moore

• 2. Theromyzon tessulatum (O. F. Müller, 1774)

• 3. Theromyzon cooperi (Harding)

• 4. Batracobdella tricarinata (Blanchard)

• 5. Hemiclepsis marginata (O. F. Müller, 1774)

• 6. Helobdella stagnalis L.

• 7. Parabdella stuhlmanni (Blanchard)

• 8. Limnatis nilotica (Savigny)

• 9. Limnatis africana Blanchard

• 10. Limnatis oligodonta Johansson

• 11. Myxobdella africana Moore

• 12. Salifa perspicax Blanchard

Species No. 3 has been recorded only from Ethiopia; Nos. 1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are African and Nos. 2, 5, 6 and 8 have been recorded also from Europe, Asia and America.

According to Moore (1939 a, 1958) the following three species are also known from Ethiopia:

• 13. Batracobdella quadrata Moore. African species (ex-Belgian Congo)

• 14. Helobdella conifera (Moore). African species (ex-Belgian Congo, South Africa, Uganda).

• 15. Parabdella garoui (Harding). African species (South Africa).

This is the total number of species of leeches reported from Ethiopia.     

More eudriline earthworms from eastern Nigeria

Summary

During the rains of August and September 1978, nine species of earthworms belonging to six genera were collected from several localities in Imo and Anambra States of Nigeria. Seven of these species were recorded and the other two described as new species. Two new genera—Parapolytoreutus and Digitodrilus—were erected for the new species. To accommodate the former genus within the subfamily Eudrilinae, the previous diagnostic characteristic of ‘ventral, unpaired oesophageal sacs’ has to be amended as ‘ventral, paired or unpaired oesophageal sacs’. Both Agrotoreutus Segun 1976 and Parapolytoreutus have paired ventral sacs.     

Gastrointestinal helminths of nine species of Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia,one species from Cambodia and Thailand and two species from Vietnam

A total of 12 species of Cnemaspis (N = 104) from Southeast Asia were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Samples consisted of nine species (n = 86) from Peninsular Malaysia: Cnemaspis affinis (n = 4); Cnemaspis baueri (n = 17); Cnemaspis biocellata (n = 12); Cnemaspis grismeri (n = 8); Cnemaspis kumpoli (n = 11); Cnemaspis limi (n = 9): Cnemaspis monachorum (n = 7); Cnemaspis pemanggilensis (n = 10); Cnemaspis peninsularis (n = 8); one species (n = 5) from Cambodia and Thailand, Cnemaspis chanthaburiensis (n = 5); and two species (n = 13) from Vietnam: Cnemaspis nuicamensis (n = 6) and Cnemaspis tucdupensis (n = 7). The aggregate helminth community consisted of one species of Cestoda, Cylindrotaenia malayi and nine species of Nematoda: Bakeria schadi, Meteterakis singaporensis, Parapharyngodon maplestoni, Maxvachonia sp., Physalopteroides sp., Physalopteridae gen. sp., Riticulariidae gen. sp., Seuratoidea gen. sp., Ascaridoidea gen. sp. Meteterakis singaporensis had the largest number of individuals (457) and greatest prevalence (24%). Twenty-eight new host records are reported.     

Psocoptera (Insecta) from Bermuda

Seventeen species of Psocoptera are recorded from Bermuda, increasing the known number from three. Four new species are described: Echmepteryx atlantica n. sp., Caecilius bermudensis n. sp., Indiopsocus hilburni n. sp., and I. nebulosus n. sp. The latter two species appear to be closely related and two alternative hypotheses are proposed for their origin. Ectopsocus spilotus Thornton and Wong is recorded outside the central Pacific area for the first time. The species are assigned to four categories according to probable duration of time on Bermuda and probable source of original invaders: (1) endemics (four species); (2) species with wide distributions in the tropics and subtropics, not restricted to islands and sea coasts (four species); (3) species largely restricted to sea coasts and islands, not necessarily tropical (three species); (4) species widely distributed in southeastern United States, not restricted to the sea coast or the subtropical region (five species).     

Redescriptions of two termites from Burmese amber

Summary

Danothrips Bhatti 1971 is revised and its relations with Chaetanaphothrips Priesner are discussed. The genus is redefined in view of the increased number of species within the genus, and a key is provided to distinguish the species. Six species are included: setifer Bhatti 1971 theifolii (Karny 1921), theivorus (Karny 1921), trifasciatus Sakimura 1975, and two new species, alis and moundi. The range of distribution of trifasciatus, originally described from Hawaii, is considerably extended by its new findings from the Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent Island) and Indonesia (Andalas).     

Two remarkable nematodes from sharks in Japan

Two species of nematodes, Acanthocheilus rotundatus (Rudolphi, 1819) and Metaleptus rabuka Machida, Ogawa and Okiyama, 1982, have been recorded from the stomach of Mustelus griseus Pietschmann and M. manazo Bleeker (Triakinidae, Carcharhiniformes) and from the intestine of Apristurus fedorovi Dolganov (Scyliorhinidae, Carcharhiniformes), respectively, from the North Pacific Ocean off Honshu, Japan. Both species are redescribed and their cephalic structures have been studied, for the first time, by scanning electron microscopy. A. fedorovi represents a new host record for M. rabuka. The morphology of M. rabuka, particularly the presence of a somewhat trilobed pseudolabia, an undivided oesophagus and the structure of the male caudal end, shows that it is necessary to transfer the monotypic genus Metaleptus Machida, Ogawa and Okiyama, 1982 from the Physalopteroidea to the Gnathostomatoidea, where a new subfamily, Metaleptidae subfam. n., is established to accommodate it. Undoubtedly, Metaleptus represents a very old and primitive form of nematode, the morphology of which indicates affinities also to physalopterids, cucullanids and acanthocheilids.     

Rare fishes from the Clyde sea area

Summary

The swarming flights of 23 species of termite were observed at three localities within Brazil and data collected on the periodicity of swarms, the predators which attach the exposed termites and the defensive behaviour of the three castes of termites.

The principal predators on termites during swarming were ants at ground level and birds in the air. The defensive behaviour of workers and soldiers effectively protected the termite alates from terrestrial predators, but only the low level of light at dawn and dusk protected them from aerial predators.

Most of the termites released their alates at the beginning of the rainy season, either at dawn or at dusk and protected them from grounded predators with a ‘blanket’ cordon of workers and soldiers.

Three species of the subterranean, soldierless Anoplotermes constructed special launching towers for the release of alates and protected them from predation with these structures. Armitermes euamignathus and Cornitermes cumulans also built launching structures on their nests for alates, but showed the ‘blanket’ behaviour of most termitids in their defence.

The towers constructed by the three species of Anoplotermes indicated, by their distribution and number, the density and approximate size of the subterranean colonies which built them. A mean density of 240 nests ha^-1 and 258·24 termites m^-2 was estimated for Anoplotermes sp I.     

Gastrointestinal helminths from fifteen species of Litoria and Nyctimystes (Anura: Hylidae) from Papua New Guinea

Three hundred and ninety‐nine individuals representing 10 species of Litoria and five species of Nyctimystes (Hylidae), L. arfakiana, L. bibonius, L. eucnemis, L. genimaculata, L. impura, L. infrafrenata, L. modica, L. nasuta, L. thesaurensis, L. wollastoni, N. gularis, N. kubori, N. papua, N. pulcher and N. semipalmatus collected in Papua New Guinea were examined for helminths. Gravid individuals representing one species of Monogenea (Parapolystoma bulliense), one species of Digenea (Mesocoelium monas), 18 species of Nematoda (Aplectana krausi, Aplectana macintoshi, Aplectana zweifeli, Cosmocerca novaeguineae, Falcaustra papuensis, Icosiella papuensis, Maxvachonia adamsoni, Maxvachonia ewersi, Meteterakis crombiei, Moaciria moraveci, Ochoterenella papuensis, Oswaldocruzia bakeri, Parapharyngdon maplestoni, Parathelandros allisoni, Parathelandros andersoni, Physalopteroides milnensis, Rhabdias australiensis, Seuratascaris numidica) and one species of Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus bufonis) were found. Also included were immature forms representing one species of Cestoda (as a metacestode), three species of Nematoda (Abbreviata sp., Rictulariidae gen. sp., Ascarididae gen. sp. in cysts), one species of Acanthocephala (unidentified cystacanth), and one species of Pentastomida [Raillietiella sp. (nymph)]. The mean helminth species richness for infected hosts was 1.3±0.6 SD (range one to three species). Sixty‐seven new host records and two new locality records are reported.     

New Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) from Nevada

Described is Sclerocactus blainei Welsh & Thorne, sp. nov. from Nye County, Nevada.        

Description of Thalamita crosnieri,a new species from Somalia with notes on T. cooperi Borradaile from Somalia and T. demani Nobili from Aldabra (Decapoda,Brachyura)

Summary

A new species, Thalamita crosnieri, is described from Somalia. It belongs to the T. woodmasoni group and is distinguished by the shape of the front and of the gonopod. T. woodmasoni Alcock is restricted to Andamans, southern India and Ceylon while T. crosnieri is known from the eastern coast of Africa and Madagascar. T. cooperi Borradaile (from Somalia) and T. demani Nobili (from Aldabra), belonging to the same group of species, have also been illustrated.