Phylogenetic trends in the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)

Phylogenetic trends of the states of 24 adult and 14 larval characters of the major groups of Scarabaeoidea are discussed on the basis of outgroup and ingroup comparison. Evolutionary trends within the major groups are also discussed. The following (i) adult and (ii) larval characters are discussed: (i) antennal segments, antennal sensilla, ocular canthus, ommatidium structure, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae, labium, tentorium, trochantin, coxal cavities, mesothoracic spiracles, wing venation, metendosternite, empodium, abdominal sternites, abdominal spiracles, male genitalia, female genitalia, ovarioles, karyotype, central nervous system, spermatozoan number and malpighian tubules; (ii) antennae, frontoclypeal suture, lateral ocelli (stemmata), labial palpi, maxillae, maxillary palpi, maxillary/mandibular stridulatory areas, labrum, epipharyngeal tormae, legs, stridulatory apparatus, spiracles, abdominal apex and central nervous system.     

Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments

An account is given of 114 new or otherwise interesting species of benthic marine flagellates from Fiji, Northern Australia (Queensland), Hawaii, Panama and Brazil. Most species are heterotrophs drawn from the euglendis, dinoflagellates, kinetoplastids, bicosoecids, heteroloboseids, and a variety of taxa of uncertain affinities. The work emphasizes the rich variety of protist taxa in marine benthic sites. New names are Amphidinium corrugatum, Anisonema glaciale, Bodo cephalophorus, B. platyrhynchus, B. saliens, Bordnamonas tropicana, Cafeteria ligulifera, C. marsupialis, C. minuta (Ruinen, 1938) nov. comb., Cryptaulax elegans, Dinematomonas inaequalis = Dinema inaequale, Dinematomonas maculata (= Dinema maculatum), Dinematononas valida (= Dinema validum), Diplonema ambulator, Diplonema metabolicum, Discocelis punctata, Dolium sedentarium, Goniomonas amphinema, Goniomonas pacifica, Gyrodinium oblongum, Heteronema exaratum, H. splendens, H. vittatum, Mastigamoeba psammobis, M. skujae nom. nov., Massisteria marina, Metopion fluens, Metromonas grandis, M. simplex (Griessmann, 1913) nov. comb., Notosolenus alatellus, N. navicula, N. ostium, N. scutulum, N. urceolatus, N. tamanduensis, N. triangularis, Percolomonas cuspidata, P. descissa (Perty, 1852) nov. comb., P. elephas (Klug, 1936) nov. comb., P. membranifera, P. pyriformis (Klebs, 1892) nov. comb., P. salina (Entz, 1904) nov. comb., P. spinosa (Klug, 1936) nov. comb., P. sulcata (Stein, 1878) nov. comb., Petalomonas boadicea, P. marginalis, P. minor, P. poosilla, P. raiula, Phyllomitus granulatus, P. vesiculosus, Platychilomonas psammobia, Ploeotia adhaerens, P. corrugata, P. decipiens, P. heracleum, P. discoides, P. longifilum, P. oblonga, P. pseudanisonema, P. punctata, P. robusta, P. scrobiculata, P. tenuis, Protaspis obliqua, P. verrucosa, P. gemmifera, P. tegere, Pseudoperanema (= Peranema) dolochonema, Thecamonas filosa, T. mutabilis (Griessmann, 1913) nov. comb., T.trahens, Urceolus cornutus, U. cristatus.     

Nomenclatural changes in Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera)

New synonymy in Scolytidae includes Cryphalus piceae (Ratzeburg, 1837) (= Cryphalus subdepressus Eggers, 1940), Gnathotrupes longiusculus (Schedl, 1951) (= Gnathotrupes ciliatus Schedl, 1975), Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood (= Stephanoderes communis Schaufuss, 1891). In Platypodidae the new name Platypus abruptifer is proposed as a replacement for the junior homonym Platypus abruptus Browne, 1986; type-species designations are proposed for the genus group names Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966, Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966, Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966, Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966, Asetus Nunberg, 1958, Stenoplatypus Strohmeyer, 1914, Platypinus Schedl, 1939, Platyscapus Schedl, 1939, Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1939, Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; previously unpublished specific synonymy is presented for Crossotarsus externedentatus (Fairmaire, 1849) (= Diapus talurae Stebbing, 1906), Crossotarsus terminatus Chapuis, 1865 (= Crossotarsus nicobaricus Beeson, 1937), Platypus abditus Schedl, 1936 (= Platypus transitus Schedl, 1978), Platypus rugosifrons Schedl, 1933 (= Platypus pretiosus Schedl, 1961), Platypus tiriosensis Reichardt, 1965 (= Platypus schedli Wood, 1966), Treptoplatypus multiporus Schedl, 1968 (= Playtpus fastuosus Schedl, 1969).     

New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), part X

The following species are named as new to science from Mexico: Corthylus exiguus, lustratus, micacirrus, Dendrocranulus sobrinus, Dendroterus fossifrons, modicus, Gnathotrichus alniphagus, Hylocurus dissimilis, micaceus, scitulus, secus, Phloeoterus burserae, Pseudothysanoes mandibularis, simplex, squameus, truncatus. The genus Phloeoterus, with P. burserae as the type-species, is also named as new.     

Utah flora: miscellaneous families

Considered in this treatment are the families Aquifoliaceae, Canabinaceae, Ericaceae, Krameriaceae, Magnoliaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae, Pyrolaceae, Resedaceae, Tamaricaceae, and Tiliaceae. These 11 families include 61 cultivated, escaped, and indigenous species.     

Scanning electron microscopic study of the male genitalia of the North American alderfly genus Sialis (Megaloptera: Sialidae)

Scanning electron micrographs are presented for 14 species of the North American alderfly Sialis : americana , arvalis , californica , contigua , cornuta , hamata , iola , joppa , mohri , nevadensis , occidens , rotunda , vagans , and velata . Male genitalic characters are described for use in species identification.     

A limnological reconnaissance of the Falkland Islands; with particular reference to the waterfleas (Arthropoda: Anomopoda)

Forty‐eight freshwater bodies on the Falkland Islands, including 33 lakes and pools, and 12 rivers and streams, were sampled for freshwater invertebrates. This study yielded 129 species of invertebrates (79 Rotifera, 34 Arthropoda, six Platyhelminthes, three Gastrotricha, two Nematoda, two Annelida, two Mollusca, and one Tardigrada) plus two fish species bringing the known Falkland Islands freshwater fauna to more than 170 species. While the presence of fishes, molluscs, amphipods, caddis larvae, waterboatmen, parasitic cercaria, and truly planktonic rotifers make the Falkland Islands fauna markedly richer than any subantarctic, or maritime Antarctic island, it is nevertheless sparse when compared with other temperate and tropical locations.     

New species of American Corthylini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The following species are described as new to science: Monarthrum cordicticum, M. tetradontium, M. conversum, M. bidentatum (Mexico), M. subgranulatum (Honduras), M. morsum, M. carinatum, M. adustum, M. insignatum, M. fastigiorum, M. limulum, M. carinulum, M. infradentatum, M. corculum, M. posticum, M. proximum (Costa Rica), M. proprium, M. notatum (Costa Rica, Panama). M. bifoveatum (Costa Rica, Venezuela), Corthycyclon caliginis, C. furvus, C. morulas (Costa Rica), C. tardus (Costa Rica, Panama), Corthylocurus debilis (Costa Rica, Panama). &;nbsp;     

The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Louisiana

A list of species, illustrated keys to nymphs and adults, distribution, and biological notes are presented for 24 stonefly species occurring in Louisiana. Leuctra moha?, Pteronarcys dorsata, Helopicus subvarians, Paragnetina kansensis, Paragnetina immarginata, Phasganophora capitata, and Acroneuria evoluta are recorded only from the florida parishes east of the Mississippi River. Isoperla Coushatta, Isoperla mohri, Neoperla clymene, an undescribed Neoperla (Sp. A), Paragnetina fumosa, Acroneuria abnormis, Acroneuria arenosa, Perlinella drymo, and Perlesta placida are found both east and west of the Mississippi; and Allocapnia granulata, Allocapnia malverna, Amphinemoura nigritta, and three species of Taeniopteryx have been recorded only west of the Mississippi. Habitats are primarily sand-bottomed streams of pine-hardwood rolling hills, constituting a portion of the western Gulf Coastal Plain. Few stoneflies occur in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, the Alluvial Atchafalaya Basin, or the lowlands along the Red River.     

Invertebrate fauna of wastewater ponds in southeastern Idaho

Water column invertebrates were sampled with 3.8-L activity traps in 15 sewage, industrial, and radioactive wastewater ponds at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in southeastern Idaho. One collection was made per pond, per month, during all months the ponds were ice-free from June 1990 through July 1991. Arsenic, barium, boron, lead, selenium, and mercury were detected in ponds. Sewage ponds generally had higher nitrogen and phosphorus levels than industrial and radioactive ponds. Of the 30 aquatic invertebrate taxa collected, the most ubiquitous were Rotifera, Daphnidea, Eucopepdoa, Ostracoda, Acari, Baetidae, Corixidae, Notonectidiae, Dytiscidae, and Chironomidae. Activity trap samples from sewage ponds contained more Rotifere, Daphnidae, and Notonectide, whereas industrial ponds yielded more Chydoridae, Acari, and Baetidae. Numbers of Oligochaeta, Eucopepoda, Ostracoda, Corixidae, Dytiscidae, and Chironomidae collected were not significantly different between sewage and industrial ponds. Compared with natural systems, these ponds had fewer taxa, but a greater number of individuals of most taxa. The high number of invertebrates collected is attributed to the lack of fish in wastewater ponds and the high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, particularly in sewage ponds.     

Tree growth and regeneration response to climate and stream fow in a species-rich southwestern riparian forest

We studied the influence of climate variables, stream flow, and topography on regeneration and growth of several riparian tree species ( Acer negundo, Alnus oblongifolia, Fraxinus velutina, Juglans major, Platanus wrightii, Populus fremontii, Salix spp.) at an unregulated perennial stream, West Clear Creek, in central Arizona. A pulse of seedling regeneration occurred for Alnus, Fraxinus, Platanus, Populus , and Salix in 1995 and 1996 following high winter and spring surface flows in 1993 and high spring surface flow in 1995. In contrast, little regeneration occurred for Acer and Juglans under these conditions. Most seedlings occurred at the active channel topographic location, and few seedlings occurred at abandoned channel, gravel-boulder bar, and bench locations. Relationships between environmental variables and annual radial stem growth varied among species and between constrained and unconstrained reaches. High spring or winter surface flows were negatively related to growth of Acer, Alnus, and Platanus , whereas high spring surface flow was positively related to growth of Fraxinus . Positive relationships between precipitation and growth occurred only for Fraxinus and Juglans , suggesting greater use of surface soil water by these species. Annual radial growth was high for Platanus and Alnus, medium for Acer and Fraxinus, and low for Juglans . Overall, the tree species in our study responded individually, rather than collectively, in regeneration and growth to changes in stream flow and climatic variables.     

Freshwater invertebrates of subantarctic South Georgia

Twenty‐one lakes, ten pools, seven coastal pools, three streams, two seal wallows, a penguin wallow, and three flooded moss carpets on South Georgia were sampled for aquatic invertebrates. More than 100 invertebrate species were found comprising 59 species of Rotifera, 29 Arthropoda (including five Anomopoda, three Calanoida, two Harpacticoida, three Ostracoda, 12 Acarina and four Insecta) and at least 22 other invertebrate species (including four Platyhelminthes, three Gastrotricha, six Tardigrada, six Nematoda, and two species of Annelida). The fauna of South Georgia, although similar to that of the other Scotia Arc Islands, particularly Signy Island, is much richer by virtue of its lower latitude and milder climate.     

Distribution of the milliped Virgoiulus minutus (Brandt, 1841): first records from Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas (Julida: Blaniulidae)

Virgoiulus minutus (Brandt 1841) (Julida: Blaniulidae), the only indigenous representative of the family in the New World, occurs, or can be expected, in parts or all of 24 states east of the Central Plains plus the District of Columbia; it is documented for the 1st time from Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas. The northern-, southern-, and westernmost localities are in Berrien County, Michigan; Putnam County, Florida; and Angelina/Rusk Counties, Texas, respectively. New England, Utah, Wyoming, Canada, and Mexico are deleted from the range, and specific localities are reported to augment previous generalized citations; those from Mexico represent misidentifications of Nopoiulus kochii (Gervais, 1847), an introduced European species that is recorded from Mexico City, Distrito Federal. Records of V. minutus from Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, and Missouri are the 1st definite localities from these states; a sample from ""Anechar,"" believed to be a misspelling of ""Arrochar,"" a neighborhood in Staten Island, is considered the 1st definite record from New York. The published statement of occurrence in Delaware in general is the only known record of an indigenous diplopod from this state.     

New species and records of anthuridean isopod crustaceans from the Indian Ocean

Twenty four new species of anthuridean isopods are described from a variety of localities in the Indian Ocean, including the granitic Seychelles, Aldabra Atoll, Phuket Island, the Persian Gulf and Zanzibar Island: Family Antheluridae, Anthomuda quadrilineata; Family Anthuridae, Amakusanthura cosmoledo, Apanthuroides aldabrae, Apanthuroides calculosa, Eisothistos andamanensis, Eisothistos corallina, Heptanthura phuket, Malacanthura arabica, Mesanthura quadrata, Panathura indica, Pendanthura picardi, Pendanthura seminigra, Pendanthura siamensis, Quantanthura andamanensis; Family Hyssuridae, Neohyssura gladia, Xenanthura victoriae; Family Paranthuridae, Accalathura hastata, Accalathura phuketensis, Accalathura wardae, Leptanthura calcis, Leptanthura maheensis, Paranthura algophila, Paranthura seychellensis, Paranthura urodentata. Of the 15 genera represented, all except two were previously known from the Indian Ocean; Heptanthura and Pendanthura are recorded from the Indian Ocean for the first time. Most of the genera have wide distributions through the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, while the species tend to be endemic to limited island or coastal regions. The 15 genera are diagnosed and keys or comparative tables to the Indian Ocean species are provided.     

Relationship between environmental and vegetational parameters for understory and open-area communities

Ten individuals from each of four tree species were selected, and their associated understory and adjacent open-area communities were sampled for both environmental and vegetational parameters, including light intensity, pH, litter depth, soil depth, and percentages of exposed rock, litter cover, living cover, shrubs, forbs, grasses, and annuals. The four tree species were ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain juniper, Gambel oak, and snowbrush ceanothus. The study site was in the lower Uinta Mountains about 10 miles east of Kamas, Utah. Correlations among the various biotic and abiotic parameters were examined. The interplay of these factors in differentiating the understory and open-area communities is discussed.       

Hindia sphaeroidalis Duncan from the Devonian of Nevada (Porifera)

The small, spherical, lithistid sponge, Hindia sphaeroidalis Duncan, 1879, is reported from the Devonian and Silurian of the Great Basin for the first time. Devonian specimens came from the Emsian Bartine Member of the McColley Formation from near Roberts Creek, Roberts Mountains, and from the Eifelian part of the Nevada Group near Bishops Creek, north of Wells, Nevada. The Silurian occurrence, questioned because of poor preservation, is from the Laketown Dolomite, on Tunnel Spring Mountain in western Millard County, Utah.     

Copepoda (Cyclopinidae and Misophriidae) from a deep-sea hydrothermal site in the northeastern Pacific

Two new copepods are described from a depth of 2254m at a hydrothermal site on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeastern Pacific. In Barathricola rimensis, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Cyclopoida: Cyclopinidae), the antennule is 13-segmented, the antenna lacks an exopod, the second segment of the endopod of legs 1–4 has 1, 2, 2, 2 setae, and leg 5 is three-segmented in both sexes, the last segment (exopod) having I, I, l, I in the female and I, I, l, I, l in the male. In Misophriopsis longicauda, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Misophrioida: Misophriidae), the antennule is 18-segmented in the female, 13-segmented in the male, the antenna has a six-segmented exopod, legs 1–4 are biramous with three-segmented rami, leg 5 is biramous with a one-segmented endopod and an exopod which is two-segmented in the female, three-segmented in the male.     

New species and records of Asellota from the Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda)

In this study of asellote Isopoda from the Indian Ocean, 29 species in 11 genera and seven families are recorded. Twenty-one species are described as new: family Gnathostenetroididae, Maresiella aldabrana ; family Janiridae, Carpias mossambica ; family Joeropsidae, Joeropsis algensis, J. arpedes, J. dimorpha, J. hamatilis, J. lentigo, J. pentagona, J. pleurion ; family Pleurocopidae, Pleurocope wilsoni ; family Pseudojaniridae, Pseudojanira meganesus ; family Santiidae, Santia spicata, S. urospinosa ; family Stenetriidae, Hansenium aldabrae, H. expansa, H. remocarpus ; Mizothenar serratum, Stenetrium assumentum, S. quinquedens, S. zanzibarica, Stenobermuda brucei. The first record of the family Pleurocopidae (Pleurocope wilsoni) and the genus Mizothenar (family Stenetriidae) from the Indian Ocean are included. Diagnoses of the genera and species are provided, and keys to the Indian Ocean species of most of the genera. The material comes primarily from Aldabra Atoll, the granitic Seychelles islands, Zanzibar Island, the Comoro Islands, and Phuket in Thailand. A few samples are from material of the International Indian Ocean Expedition carried out in the mid-1960s.