Al-1.98Li-1.78Cu-1.30Mg-0.10Zr合金微观组织、拉伸性能和断裂行为的研究

文中报道了对Al-1.98Li-1.78Cu-1.30Mg-0.10Zr合金组织、机械性能和断裂行为进行的研究。结果表明,合金在170℃/2h 190℃时效时有硬度双峰,屈服强度和抗拉强度也有类似的双峰,这主要是由δ′(Al_3Li)和S′(Al_2CrMg)的析出引起的。合金的强化相为δ′,S′和T_1(Al_2CuLi)。在欠时效阶段,析出的主要是δ′和少量沿位错析出的S′。在峰时效阶段,除析出δ′外,还有S′和T_1在基体中均匀析出,并且有晶间PFZ存在。拉伸试样的断裂以沿晶为主,但有少量由粗大第二相粒子诱发的韧窝存在于断裂表面上。     

铝锂合金2091锻造材料力学性能研究

研究了铝锂合金2091锻造材料的力学性能。结果表明,固溶处理后经5％冷锻变形和170℃、2h 190℃、6h双级时效,可使材料获得较好的强度和塑性;预冷变形使时效过程增强,达到峰值强度的时效时间缩短;在时效时间为12h情况下,K_(IC)值随时效温度的升高而降低。预冷变形促使过渡相S′(Al_2CuMg)沿位错亚结构弥散析出、抑制δ′(Al_3L_3)相粗化和δ′的无析出带(PFZ)变窄,是铝锂合金锻造材料强塑性改善的重要原因。而提高时效温度,加速扩散过程,促进δ′相粗化和PFZ变宽,则是K_(IC)降低的可能原因。     

喷射成形高锌Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的时效行为

系统研究了喷射成形高锌Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在不同时效处理条件下的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明:自然时效合金在晶界处已析出强化相;单级时效合金随时效时间的延长,晶内和晶界析出相逐渐粗化;双级时效合金的析出相进一步粗化,并且晶界析出相为断续特征;回归再时效合金具有较细的晶内组织及类似于双级时效的晶界组织.同时发现,双级时效合金的抗拉强度比峰时效合金的强度下降了13%左右,而回归再时效合金的强度优于峰时效合金的强度.     

快速凝固铝锂合金的显微组织与力学性能

本文采用快速凝固技术制备了Al-2.28Li-1.77Cu-0.98Mg-0.13Zr合金。研究了这种合金在不同热处理条件下的力学性能和显微组织。结果表明:选择合适的固溶温度,既能使单相固溶体的均匀化和过饱和程度得到改善,又能控制晶粒大小;采用合适的时效温度和时间,能够有效地控制δ′(Al_3Li)和S′(Al_2CuMg)等相的沉淀行为,从而使合金获得最佳的力学性能。文中讨论了合金热处理工艺参数、组织和性能之间的关系。     

1460铝锂合金的力学性能与微观组织

采用金相观察、拉伸性能测试及透射电镜分析等手段研究1460铝锂合金的铸态组织、薄板T6态单级时效(160℃)及T8态双级时效(5%预变形,130℃+160℃时效)处理时力学性能及微观组织的演化。研究结果表明:添加微量Sc元素时,凝固时形成Al_3(Sc,Zr)初生相粒子,1460铝锂合金铸锭树枝晶组织被消除,晶粒呈等轴状,粒度较小(20~50mm);而冷轧薄板固溶处理后为细小的带状晶粒组织;1460铝锂合金主要时效析出强化相为d′相(Al_3Li),其次为T1相(Al_2Cu Li),但在时效过程中可能形成q″(q′)(Al_2Cu)过渡相;在时效过程中,时效前期快速析出d￠相;随时效时间延长,d′相长大,并析出q￠￠(q′)过渡相;随着时效时间进一步延长,T1相析出,而q″(q′)过渡相消失;与T6态时效相比,T8态时效时T1相尺寸降低但密度增大,强度提高。     

低温回归再时效对7B04-T651铝合金厚板组织与性能的影响

研究了回归及回归再时效处理对7B04铝合金预拉伸厚板的显微组织、力学性能及电导率的影响. 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了回归再时效合金的微观组织,并对合金进行了力学性能及电导率测试. 结果表明:采用合适的回归再时效工艺(180℃/1h,水淬+120℃/22h)可使材料具有接近T6态合金强度的同时,电导率大幅度提升,达21.0MS·m-1;此时,合金晶内组织与T6状态相似,析出相细小呈弥散分布,而晶界组织与双级T74时效组织特征相似,晶界析出相粗大呈不连续分布,晶界两侧伴之以明显的晶界无析出带.     

双级时效对7A52铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、电导率测定、透射电镜分析等手段研究双级时效处理条件下7A52铝合金的力学性能、电导率和显微组织结构。研究结果表明:7A52铝合金适宜的双级时效工艺为105℃/8 h 130℃/14 h。在此条件下,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别为500 MPa,444 MPa,11.1%和18.44 S/m。与单级峰值时效相比,强度并未明显降低而电导率有明显提高,表明合金抗应力腐蚀性能得到改善。双级时效后,合金的晶内组织为细小弥散分布的η′(MgZn2)相,晶界上有断续分布的晶界析出相MgZn2和较明显的无沉淀析出带。     

微量Sc对2197铝锂合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了微量Sc对Al-Li-Cu系2197合金的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.采用拉伸试验和透射电镜等方法对样品进行了力学性能测试和微观组织分析.研究结果表明,δ'(Al3Li),θ'(Al2Cu)和T1(Al2CuLi)相仍为含Sc 2197合金的主要强化相;添加微量Sc使合金析出初生和次生Al3Sc颗粒,时效过程中δ'相依附在Al3Sc颗粒上析出、长大,形成Al3Li/Al3Sc复合沉淀相,但这2种颗粒的存在并未明显提高热处理可强化的2197合金的强度和塑性.     

时效对形变Cu-Zr-Si合金组织及性能的影响

采用等径角挤压(ECAP)技术对Cu-0.16Zr-0.04Si合金在室温和液氮低温下进行1道次变形,随后在450 ℃下时效4 h.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)等技术,研究时效对合金变形组织的影响,分析了合金力学性能和导电性能的变化.结果表明:合金在变形及时效后,晶界处出现不均匀分布的棒状或颗粒状析出相,基体中出现弥散分布的细小点状析出相;合金的抗拉强度和导电率在变形时效处理后得到同步提高;随着时效时间的延长,合金的断裂韧性逐渐变差.     

时效处理对新型超高强Al-Cu-Li-X合金薄板的力学性能和微观组织的影响

通过力学性能测试和透射电镜(TEM)观察研究热处理制度对新型超高强Al-Cu-Li-X合金2 mm厚薄板的力学性能和微观组织的影响。研究结果表明:T8态较T6态时效的合金具有更高的强度和更好的塑性;超高强铝锂合金的时效析出相包括大量T1相(Al2Cu Li)、较多的θ′相(Al2Cu)、一定的δ′相(Al3Li)以及极少量S′相(Al2Cu Mg);T8态时效时引入预变形抑制δ′相和S′相形成,同时促进T1相和θ′相形核析出,但对θ′相的作用效果小于对T1相的作用效果;当预变形量为6%~8%时,合金能获得较高的强度与伸长率,8%预变形后峰时效时拉伸强度达616 MPa,伸长率达12%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that