Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6

One of the most striking properties of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is that they are all derived from insulating antiferromagnetic parent compounds. The intimate relationship between magnetism and superconductivity in these copper oxide materials has intrigued researchers from the outset, because it does not exist in conventional superconductors. Evidence for this link comes from neutron-scattering experiments that show the unambiguous presence of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations (excitations) in the high-Tc superconductors. Even so, the role of such excitations in the pairing mechanism for superconductivity is still a subject of controversy. For YBa2Cu3O(6+x), where x controls the hole-doping level, the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitation spectrum is a sharp resonance (refs 6-11). Here we show that for underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6, where x and Tc are below their optimal values, modest magnetic fields suppress the resonance significantly, much more so for fields approximately perpendicular to the CuO2 planes than for parallel fields. Our results indicate that the resonance measures pairing and phase coherence, suggesting that magnetism plays an important role in high-Tc superconductivity. The persistence of a field effect above Tc favours mechanisms in which the superconducting electron pairs are pre-formed in the normal state of underdoped copper oxide superconductors, awaiting transition to the superconducting state.     

Phase transitions in the incoherent lattice fluctuations in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta)

The growing body of experimental evidence for the existence of complex textures of charges and spins in the high-temperature superconductors has drawn attention to the so-called 'stripe-phase' models as a possible basis for the mechanism of superconductivity in these materials. Such observations have until now been restricted to systems where the texture dynamics are slow or suppressed altogether, and do not include the important case of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). It seems likely that the dynamic behaviour of stripes, which has been suggested to undergo several phase transitions as a function of temperature, should also be reflected in the lattice properties of the host materials, and this forms the motivation for our present experiments. Specifically, we use MeV helium ion channelling, an ultrafast real-space probe of atomic displacements (with sub-picometre resolution), to probe incoherent lattice fluctuations in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) as a function of temperature and oxygen doping. We detect lattice fluctuations that are larger than the expected thermal vibration component, and which show anomalies characteristic of the phase transitions anticipated for a dynamic stripe phase. Comparison of our lattice results with single-particle-tunnelling and photoemission data highlights the importance of spin-charge separation phenomena in the copper oxide superconductors.     

NdB2Cu3O7-x/YBa2Cu3O7-y高温超导薄膜的稳定性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法 ,在钇稳定氧化锆 (YSZ)衬底上制备了YBa2 Cu3 O7-y高温超导薄膜和NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层高温超导薄膜。X射线衍射分析结果表明 ,NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层膜在结晶度、表面光滑平整度和稳定性方面优于YBa2 Cu3 O7-y薄膜 ;电阻温度曲线测量结果表明 ,NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层膜的转变温度为 87.6 6K ,转变宽度为 0 .34K ;YBa2 Cu3 O7-y薄膜的则分别为 86 .6 4K和 0 .95K。与YBa2 Cu3 O7-y薄膜相比 ,NdB2 Cu3 O7-x/YBa2 Cu3 O7-y双层膜稳定性更高 ,在超导电子器件领域更具有应用潜力。     

NdB2Cu3O7—x／YBa2Cu3O7—y高温超导薄膜的稳定性研究

采用脉冲激光沉积方法，在钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）衬底上制备了YBa2Cu3O7-y高温超导薄膜和NdB2Cu3O7-x/YBa2Cu3O7-y双层高温超导薄膜。X射线衍射分析结果表明，NdB2Cu3O7-x/YBa2Cu3O7-y双层膜在结晶度、表面光滑平整度和稳定性方面优于YBa2Cu3O7-x薄膜；电阻－温度曲线测量结果表明，NdB2Cu3O7-x/YBa2Cu3O7-y双层膜的转变温度为87.66K，转变宽度为0.34K;YBa2Cu3O7-y薄膜的则分别为86.64K和0.95K。与YBa2Cu3O7-y薄膜相比，NdB2Cu3O7-x/YBa2Cu3O7-y双层膜稳定性更高，在超导电子器件领域更具有应用潜力。     

YBa2Cu3O6+x光电导效应的研究进展

本就高温超导体YB2Cu3O6 x的光电导效应的研究现状进行了介绍，并就机理解释及未来的研究工作做了简单的评述。     

Two-dimensional geometry of spin excitations in the high-transition-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x

The fundamental building block of the copper oxide superconductors is a Cu4O4 square plaquette. The plaquettes in most of these materials are slightly distorted to form a rectangular lattice, for which an influential theory predicts that high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity is nucleated in 'stripes' aligned along one of the axes. This theory received strong support from experiments that indicated a one-dimensional character for the magnetic excitations in the high-T(c) material YBa2Cu3O6.6 (ref. 4). Here we report neutron scattering data on 'untwinned' YBa2Cu3O6+x crystals, in which the orientation of the rectangular lattice is maintained throughout the entire volume. Contrary to the earlier claim, we demonstrate that the geometry of the magnetic fluctuations is two-dimensional. Rigid stripe arrays therefore appear to be ruled out over a wide range of doping levels in YBa2Cu3O6+x, but the data may be consistent with liquid-crystalline stripe order. The debate about stripes has therefore been reopened.     

Ca、Zn掺杂对高温超导体YBa2Cu3O7-δ晶体结构的影响

采用固相反应法成功的制备出了Y1-yCayBa2Cu3-xZnxO7-δ(y=0,x=0;y=0.1,x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2)的系列样品.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对所制备系列样品结构进行了研究.结果表明,在整个掺杂范围内样品的单相性很好.随着锌离子掺杂量的增加,样品的晶格常数和表面形貌都发生了较大的变化,这是因为掺杂使样品的电子局域化增加,从而使样品的结构发生变化.     

Addition of nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor

Following the discovery of type-II high-temperature superconductors in 1986 (refs 1, 2), work has proceeded to develop these materials for power applications. One of the problems, however, has been that magnetic flux is not completely expelled, but rather is contained within magnetic fluxons, whose motion prevents larger supercurrents. It is known that the critical current of these materials can be enhanced by incorporating a high density of extended defects to act as pinning centres for the fluxons. YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO or 123) is the most promising material for such applications at higher temperatures (liquid nitrogen). Pinning is optimized when the size of the defects approaches the superconducting coherence length ( approximately 2-4 nm for YBCO at temperatures < or =77 K) and when the areal number density of defects is of the order of (H/2) x 10(11) cm(-2), where H is the applied magnetic field in tesla. Such a high density has been difficult to achieve by material-processing methods that maintain a nanosize defect, except through irradiation. Here we report a method for achieving a dispersion of approximately 8-nm-sized nanoparticles in YBCO with a high number density, which increases the critical current (at 77 K) by a factor of two to three for high magnetic fields.     

Magnetic-field-induced charge-stripe order in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy

Electronic charges introduced in copper-oxide (CuO(2)) planes generate high-transition-temperature (T(c)) superconductivity but, under special circumstances, they can also order into filaments called stripes. Whether an underlying tendency towards charge order is present in all copper oxides and whether this has any relationship with superconductivity are, however, two highly controversial issues. To uncover underlying electronic order, magnetic fields strong enough to destabilize superconductivity can be used. Such experiments, including quantum oscillations in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) (an extremely clean copper oxide in which charge order has not until now been observed) have suggested that superconductivity competes with spin, rather than charge, order. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showing that high magnetic fields actually induce charge order, without spin order, in the CuO(2) planes of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y). The observed static, unidirectional, modulation of the charge density breaks translational symmetry, thus explaining quantum oscillation results, and we argue that it is most probably the same 4a-periodic modulation as in stripe-ordered copper oxides. That it develops only when superconductivity fades away and near the same 1/8 hole doping as in La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) (ref.?1) suggests that charge order, although visibly pinned by CuO chains in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y), is an intrinsic propensity of the superconducting planes of high-T(c) copper oxides.     

Spontaneous macroscopic magnetization at the superconducting transition temperature of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta)

A noteworthy feature of the high-temperature superconductors is the unconventional symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. Several experiments have established that the order parameter has a four-fold d(x2 - y2) symmetry under rotation of the lattice (the order parameter of conventional superconductors is, in contrast, isotropic). An intriguing and much debated possibility is that, in certain cases, an additional imaginary component might be present, having an isotropic s-wave or d(xy) symmetry. A consequence of a complex order parameter of the form d(x2 - y2) + id(xy) is that it would break both reflection (parity, P) symmetry and time-reversal (T) symmetry, a clear signature of which would be the spontaneous appearance of a macroscopic magnetization at the superconducting transition temperature. Broken T symmetry has been reported, but searches for the effects of combined P and T symmetry breaking have so far yielded null results. Here we report the observation of a weak (approximately 10(-5) gauss) magnetic field that appears spontaneously at the superconducting transition temperature of epitaxial thin films of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta). The magnetic signal originates near the edges of the samples. One interpretation for this observation is that the order parameter carries an intrinsic angular momentum, related to the breaking of P and T symmetries, but other possibilities cannot yet be excluded.     

An unusual phase transition to a second liquid vortex phase in the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7

A magnetic field penetrates a superconductor through an array of 'vortices', each of which carries one quantum of flux that is surrounded by a circulating supercurrent. In this vortex state, the resistivity is determined by the dynamical properties of the vortex 'matter'. For the high-temperature copper oxide superconductors (see ref.1 for a theoretical review), the vortex phase can be a 'solid', in which the vortices are pinned, but the solid can 'melt' into a 'liquid' phase, in which their mobility gives rise to a finite resistance. (This melting phenomenon is also believed to occur in conventional superconductors, but in an experimentally inaccessible part of the phase diagram.) For the case of YBa2Cu3O7, there are indications of the existence of a critical point, at which the character of the melting changes. But neither the thermodynamic nature of the melting, nor the phase diagram in the vicinity of the critical point, has been well established. Here we report measurements of specific heat and magnetization that determine the phase diagram in this material to 26 T, well above the critical point. Our results reveal the presence of a reversible second-order transition above the critical point. An unusual feature of this transition-namely, that the high-temperature phase is the less symmetric in the sense of the Landau theory-is in accord with theoretical predictions of a transition to a second vortex-liquid phase.     

粉体粒度及成型压力对YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导体烧结前后致密度的影响

应用固态反应法,制备了YBaCuO超导粉体.研究了粉体粒度及成型压力对YBaCuO超导体烧结前后致密度的影响.结果表明,不同粒度YBaCuO超导粉体的压坯密度、烧结密度(即烧结前后的致密度)随压力的变化规律不同.在粉体干压成型过程中,同一粒度粉体的压坯密度随压力增大而增大;不同粒度粉体相比,粒度大的粉体压坯密度较大.在压坯烧结过程中,粒度小的粉体表面活性大,其压坯烧结密度也较大;同一粒度不同坯体的烧结密度随压坯密度的增大而增大.     

氧离子束辅助激光制备平面织构的YBCO膜

应用氧离子束辅助准分子脉冲激光沉积薄膜技术 ,先在不锈钢基底上室温下淀积出平面织构的钇稳锆(YSZ)缓冲层薄膜 ,再在YSZ/不锈钢上 750℃下制备出了平面织构和高临界电流密度YBa2 Cu3 O7-x(YBCO)薄膜 .YSZ和YBCO薄膜都为C 轴取向和平面织构的 ,YSZ( 2 0 2 )和YBCO( 1 0 3 )的X射线 (扫描衍射峰的全宽半峰值分别为 2 0°和 1 2°.YBCO薄膜的临界温度和临界电流密度分别为 91K(R =0 )和 7.2× 1 0 5A/cm2 ( 77K ,无外磁场 ) .     

功能化磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子用于含Cu2+废水的净化

采用共沉淀法制备超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子(SPION),并通过硅烷化在SPION粒子表面引入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),制得氨基化磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-NH2),比较改性前后SPION对于重金属离子Cu2+的吸附,分别考察吸附溶液的pH和Cu2+初始质量浓度(ρ)对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:吸附量均随溶液pH和ρ的升高而增加,在pH为5时达到最大吸附量,ρ为5 g/L时均达到吸附平衡,Fe3O4和Fe3O4-NH2吸附量分别为12.49和103.41 mg/g.     

钙钛矿La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3三层薄膜的磁输运性能

高温超导材料YBa2Cu4O8(YBCO)和铁磁材料La2／3Ca1／3MnO3(LCMO)形成的三层薄膜LCMO／YBCO／LCMO由对靶溅射技术制得．与YBCO单层薄膜相比，由于超导／铁磁系统中的磁性邻近效应，三层薄膜表现出较低的超导转变温度(Tc,ON)．与LCMO单层膜相比，三层薄膜的金属半导体转变温度(TMS)被提高并且强烈依赖于YBCO层的厚度．随中间层厚度的变化，磁电阻显示出非单调行为，长振荡周期被发现．结果表明，当YBCO处于正常态时两层LCMO膜之间存左着磁性自旋相互作用．     

Enhanced supercurrent density in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) at 77 K from calcium doping of grain boundaries

With the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, it seemed that the vision of superconducting power cables operating at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K) was close to realization. But it was soon found that the critical current density Jc of the supercurrents that can pass through these polycrystalline materials without destroying superconductivity is remarkably small. In many materials, Jc is suppressed at grain boundaries, by phenomena such as interface charging and bending of the electronic band structure. Partial replacement ('doping') of the yttrium in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) with calcium has been used to increase grain-boundary Jc values substantially, but only at temperatures much lower than 77 K (ref. 9). Here we show that preferentially overdoping the grain boundaries, relative to the grains themselves, yields values of Jc at 77 K that far exceed previously published values. Our results indicate that grain-boundary doping is a viable approach for producing a practical, cost-effective superconducting power cable operating at liquid-nitrogen temperatures.     

Eu掺杂YBa2Cu3O7-δ高温超导单晶的制备与研究

本文利用自助熔剂法成功制备了一系列Eu含量不同的Y1-xEuxBa2Cu3O7-δ(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0)高温超导单晶样品.实验中使用了ZrO2坩埚,有效地避免了以往Al2O3坩埚在高温下对单晶的污染.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,所有单晶样品均为Y-123结构.此外,本文还利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)在单晶的(0 0l)面观察到了圆形螺旋位错,并对掺杂引起的晶格失配和螺旋位错生长机制进行了分析和讨论.     

YBa2-xSrxCu3O7-δ系列超导材料的Tc研究

用固相反应法成功制备了YBa2-xSrxCu3O7-δ(x=0、0.35、0.5、0.75、1)系列超导材料.对样品做了X射线衍射(XRD)、SEM电镜图与原子发射能谱图;利用四端引线法测量了样品的R-T曲线,发现x=0.35、0.75的样品有很高的Tc值.初步认为x=0.35是YBa2-xSrxCu3O7-δ系列超导材料的最佳配方.     

内氧化工艺对Al2O3/Cu复合材料中Al2O3颗粒分布的影响

采用压块加入法和分别加入法两种内氧化工艺，将ＣｕＯ和Ａｌ粉末加入到Ａｒ气保护的铜液中制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｃｕ复合材料，在光学显微镜、扫描电镜及Ｘ射线衍射仪上观察分析了Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒的数量，分布及材料的相组成。结果表明，压块加入法生成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗于枝晶状分布，最体保温时间为３０－４５ｍｉｎ。分别加入法生成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒呈弥散状分布，最佳保温时间为４５－６０ｍｉｎ。