Environmental changes and lake level fluctuation recorded by lakes on the plain in northern Xinjiang during the late Holocene

Xinjiang Autonomous Region is located in the arid area of westerly of China and there are many arguments about the changes of past temperature and moisture. Most of the lakes on the plain in northern Xinjiang are sealed lakes and terminal lakes. They can evidently reflect the changes in palaeoclimate. The palaeoenvironmental changes of some plain lakes in northern Xinjiang during the late Holocene will be analysed mainly based on the data of pollen, sedimentary facies, loss on ignition （LOI）, susceptibility and grain size from the Sichang Lake, Dongdaohaizi Lake and Aibi Lake. Results reveal an assembled pattern of temperature and moisture dominated by cold-wet and warm-dry. In addition, the impact factor will be discussed.     

汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落的环境考古学观察

汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落是安徽江淮地区考古研究中一个非常引人注目的现象.通过对相关历史文献的分析,并结合近年来环境考古研究的新成果,从环境考古学的角度透视和分析汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落的原因.结果表明,地理环境改变导致的古"巢淝通道"衰落很可能是汉代以后巢湖流域文化衰落的根源所在.随着汉代以后巢湖流域气候环境的恶化,特别是地震、洪水等自然灾害群发以及中国大的气候背景下经济文化中心转移,加上南北分治的政治地理因素导致的战乱状态,这些都使得古巢淝经济文化交流通道日渐衰落,区域农业生产和经济发展遭受重创;经济地位的日益下降,又导致通道沿线大型聚落难以维系,聚落规模变小,表现在考古学上则是聚落遗址和墓葬数量的大幅度减少,巢湖流域原先繁荣的文化也因失去发展的基础而自此衰落.     

The early Holocene optimum inferred from a high-resolution pollen record of Huguangyan Maar Lake in southern China

A high-resolution pollen record of the past 13000 a from Huguangyan Maar Lake reveals the vegetation and environment changes in southern China during the Holocene. It shows that (i) pollen percentage of trees and shrubs reached 56% during the early Holocene (11600―7800 cal a BP), of which the pollen percentage of tropical trees reached a maximum at 9500―8000 cal a BP, reflecting a hot and wet envi- ronment; (ii) during the mid-Holocene (7800―4200 cal a BP), the pollen percentage of montane conif- erous trees and herbs increased, while the percentage of tropical-subtropical trees decreased, indi- cating lower temperature and humidity; (iii) in the late Holocene spanning from 4200 to 350 cal a BP, the pollen percentage of herbs and montane conifer increased significantly, indicating a marked decrease of temperature and humidity. Our pollen data reveal that the time period 9500―8000 cal a BP in south- ern China represents a climatic optimum for the Holocene characterized by hot and wet conditions. This is consistent with the Holocene optimum found in lower latitude regions globally. We speculate that strong insolation might cause the northward migration of the ITCZ and subtropical summer mon- soon front, which resulted in an early Holocene optimum in the Huguangyan area. The dry tendency and climate fluctuations of the middle and late Holocene could be associated with a decrease in solar insolation and frequent ENSO event.     

The early Holocene optimum inferred from a hish-resolution pollen record of Husuansyan Maar Lake in southern China

A high-resolution pollen record of the past 13000 a from Huguangyan Maar Lake reveals the vegetation and environment changes in southern China during the Holocene. It shows that （i） pollen percentage of trees and shrubs reached 56% during the early Holocene （11600-7800 cal a BP）, of which the pollen percentage of tropical trees reached a maximum at 9500-8000 cal a BP, reflecting a hot and wet environment; （ii） during the mid-Holocene （7800-4200 cal a BP）, the pollen percentage of montane coniferous trees and herbs increased, while the percentage of tropical-subtropical trees decreased, indicating lower temperature and humidity; （iii） in the late Holocene spanning from 4200 to 350 cal a BP, the pollen percentage of herbs and montane conifer increased significantly, indicating a marked decrease of temperature and humidity. Our pollen data reveal that the time period 9500-8000 cal a BP in southern China represents a climatic optimum for the Holocene characterized by hot and wet conditions. This is consistent with the Holocene optimum found in lower latitude regions globally. We speculate that strong insolation might cause the northward migration of the ITCZ and subtropical summer monsoon front, which resulted in an early Holocene optimum in the Huguangyan area. The dry tendency and climate fluctuations of the middle and late Holocene could be associated with a decrease in solar insolation and frequent ENSO event.     

巢湖十五里河河口沉积物污染特征研究

在巢湖十五里河河口区设置18个采样点,分层采集沉积物样品66个,运用X-Ray衍射法、原子吸收法等对沉积物样本中的总氮、总磷、有机质以及重金属进行测试,并且分析了污染因子之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,沉积物中重金属的污染程度依次为Hg>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd,具有中等潜在生态危害;沉积物中氮磷比值表明湖水处于富营养化状态,有机物来源于水生植物。     

巢湖沉积物总磷分布及其地质成因

以巢湖为研究对象,分析研究了巢湖沉积物总磷含量的水平、垂直分布.结果表明:巢湖北部河流入湖口处沉积物中总磷含量高于其他的河流入湖口处,原因是发源于北部地区的水系带来大量的磷质,丰富了巢湖中磷的来源.柘皋河和兆河沉积物总磷的垂直分布存在变化程度的差异,主要与柘皋河补给来源于含磷地层区有关.     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

安徽太平湖流域底质沉积物多种重金属和砷的分布特征及环境评价

对安徽太平湖湖区和5条主要入湖河流表层沉积物中的重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg和As的含量水平和空间分布进行分析,并对沉积物中重金属对生态环境的影响进行评价.结果表明,湖区重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg的平均含量分别为21.25,0.96,14.61,0.034,0.005mg/kg,Cr和As低于检出限.各重金属在湖区的空间分布较为一致,整体上呈现自西向东重金属含量先变高再变低的趋势,5条入湖河流的重金属含量均低于黄山市土壤背景值.潜在生态风险(Hakanson)评价结果表明,所有点位的单因子重金属潜在生态风险值Eri均低于40,生态综合风险指数(RI)全部低于150,研究区整体处于轻微生态风险水平.地累积指数评价结果表明重金属元素在表层沉积物中基本不构成污染.沉积物质量基准法得出重金属浓度均低于ERL值,对研究区域生态环境无影响.底质沉积物中的重金属富集尚未对流域的生态环境造成不良影响,太平湖湖区和5条主要入湖河流生态环境状况良好.     

泥炭记录的近2 200年吉林省敦化盆地的气候变化

根据典型泥炭剖面孢粉图示、粒度分布(纤维含量)、pH、沉积速率、吸湿水、C/ N、有机质含量等指标的综合分析,结合地层特征,研究了2 200 a B.P.以来的晚全新世敦化盆地植被和气候的变化.结果表明:敦化大桥泥炭地是从山地森林演替为草甸,继而经沼泽化形成;周围植被经历了以松林(Pinus)为主的温带山地针叶林,桦(Betula)、榛(Corylus)、胡桃(Juglans)等阔叶树和松林共生的针阔混交林,以榛、鹅耳枥(Carpinus)、松为主的针阔混交林和松、桦为主的针阔混交林之后,渐渐进入现代景观;相应地,该区气候经历了四个时期,即冷干((2 045±70)B.P.)～(2 195±70)a B.P.)、暖湿((1 745±70)a B.P.～(2 045±70)a B.P.)、温湿((705±70)a B.P.～1 745±70)a B.P.)和冷湿(公元1245-1950年)时期.