重组纤溶酶原激活剂及其突变体的表达研究

利用PCR技术 ,获得了人体组织型纤溶酶原激活剂tPAcDNA的缺失突变体———rPA ;在此基础上 ,运用定点突变技术 ,得到rPA的定点突变体———rPA(KHRR2 96～ 2 99AAAA) ,rPA(A473S)和二者的复合突变体rPA(KHRR2 96～2 99AAAA A473S) ;将rPA及其 3个突变体分别亚克隆至原核表达载体pET 2 8a( )中 ,获得表达载体pErA ,pErA(K) ,pErA(A)和pErA(KA) .酶切鉴定和序列分析结果均表明实现了实验设计的氨基酸突变 .表达载体转化大肠杆菌 ,经IPTG诱导、菌体裂解及SDS PAGE电泳分析发现 ,只缺失而无突变的pErA和突变的pErA(A)都未表达目的蛋白 ,突变体pErA(K)与pErA(KA)则获高水平表达 ;蛋白产量分别占菌体总蛋白的 35 .97%与 37.71% ,分子量均为 39.6kD .Westernblotting显示 ,表达产物与抗tPA抗体呈特异性阳性反应 .该产物经初步纯化后进行复性与活性 (mFAPA)测定 ,结果表明其复性产物具有明显的体外纤溶活性 .以上结果为rPA突变体的进一步纯化、体内活性研究以及规模化制备提供了基础     

Claims on tissue plasminogen activator

A 'master' patent on a recombinant protein product has twice been overturned in British courts. The consequences may be far-reaching.     

Role of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in luteolysis—a minireview

This minireview summarized our recent studies on the role of plasminogen activator (PA) and inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in luteolysis. We have demonstrated that (1) both tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA) and a plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) were present in the corpus luteum of rat and rhesus monkey; (2) decrease in progesterone production in corpus luteum was well correlated with a sharp increase in tPA (but not uPA) and PAI-1 secretion; (3) exogenous tPA decreased luteal progesterone synthesis while monoclonal antibodies increased progesterone production; (4) interferony inhibited luteal progesterone synthesis and stimulated tPA production while LH plus prolactin increased progesterone production and decreased tPA (hut not uPA) activity in cultured luteal cells; (5) increase in proteolysis in the corpus luteum was also correlated with decrease in progesterone production in mouse. These data suggest that local degradation of extracellular matrix controlled by plasminogen activator and inhibitor is involved in the processes of luteolysis.     

Role of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in luteolysis——a minireview

This minireview summarized our recent studies on the role of plasminogen activator (PA) and inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in luteolysis. We have demonstrated that (1) both tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA) and a plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) were present in the corpus luteum of rat and rhesus monkey; (2) decrease in progesterone production in corpus luteum was well correlated with a sharp increase in tPA (but not uPA) and PAI-1 secretion; (3) exogenous tPA decreased luteal progesterone synthesis while monoclonal antibodies increased progesterone production; (4) interferon y inhibited luteal progesterone synthesis and stimulated tPA production while LH plus pro-lactin increased progesterone production and decreased tPA (but not uPA) activity in cultured luteal cells; (5) increase in proteolysis in the corpus luteum was also correlated with decrease in progesterone production in mouse. These data suggest that local degradation of extracellular matrix controlled by plasminogen activator and inhibitor is involved in the processes of luteolysis.     

Structural basis of latency in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

Human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the fast-acting inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase and is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors. Serpins normally form complexes with their target proteases that dissociate very slowly as cleaved species and then fold into a highly stable inactive state in which the residues that flank the scissile bond (P1 and P1';) are separated by about 70 A. PAI-1 also spontaneously folds into a stable inactive state without cleavage; this state is termed 'latent' because inhibitory activity can be restored through denaturation and renaturation. Here we report the structure of intact latent PAI-1 determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to 2.6 A resolution. The three-dimensional structure reveals that residues on the N-terminal side of the primary recognition site are inserted as a central strand of the largest beta sheet, in positions similar to the corresponding residues in the cleaved form of the serpin alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). Residues C-terminal to the recognition site occupy positions on the surface of the molecule distinct from those of the corresponding residues in cleaved serpins or in the intact inactive serpin homologue, ovalbumin, and its cleavage product, plakalbumin. The structure of latent PAI-1 is similar to one formed after cleavage in other serpins, and the stability of both latent PAI-1 and cleaved serpins may be derived from the same structural features.     

Development of venous occlusions in mice transgenic for the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene

The fibrinolytic potential of the vasculature is modulated primarily by the availability and activity of plasminogen activators, which convert the zymogen plasminogen into the active fibrin-degrading enzyme plasmin. The activities of these key regulatory enzymes are directly neutralized by their primary endogenous inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Although some individuals with a tendency to develop thrombotic disorders exhibit elevated levels of PAI-1 in their plasma, the cause-and-effect relationship between increased PAI-1 and thrombosis is still unclear. Specifically, it is not known whether chronic depression of fibrinolytic activity results in the development of thrombosis. To address this question we developed transgenic mice in which the contribution of PAI-1 to thrombus formation could be evaluated. The results presented in this report indicate that elevated levels of PAI-1 contribute to the development of venous but not arterial occlusions.     

cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen

Lipoprotein(a) is an LDL-like lipoprotein whose concentration in plasma is correlated with atherosclerosis. The characteristic protein component of lipoprotein(a) is apolipoprotein(a) which is disulphide-linked to apolipoprotein B-100. Sequencing of cloned human apolipoprotein(a) complementary DNA shows that it is very similar to human plasminogen. It contains a serine protease domain and two types of plasminogen-like kringle domains, one of which is present in 37 copies.     

The origin of mutants

Nucleic acids are replicated with conspicuous fidelity. Infrequently, however, they undergo changes in sequence, and this process of change (mutation) generates the variability that allows evolution. As the result of studies of bacterial variation, it is now widely believed that mutations arise continuously and without any consideration for their utility. In this paper, we briefly review the source of this idea and then describe some experiments suggesting that cells may have mechanisms for choosing which mutations will occur.     

多功能种子活化器的设计

为了提高种子活力,利用臭氧、磁场、双红光等物理因素在种子活化处理中产生的生物学效应的特异性、一致性和叠加性,研制成功了集臭氧处理装置、磁场处理装置和LED双红光处理装置于一体的多功能种子活化器,并对玉米、番茄、苜蓿、水稻等种子进行了相关的实验研究.初步实验结果显示,此活化器对种子的发芽率的提高有显著的促进作用.