Die modernen Methoden und Ergebnisse der Geophysik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die papierelektrophoretische Auftrennung von Phosphoarginin und Arginin

Summary A paper electrophoretic separation method for phosphoarginin and arginin is described.     

Die Reizbewegungen der Mimosoideen und ihre Hormone

Summary The irritation substances of various plants of the family of Mimosoideae are highly sensitive to oxygen, and their chemical behaviour is that of reductones. Just the same substances were also found in non-sensitive plants. Meso-inositol is perhaps one of the original compounds leading to the active substances. It became possible to explain some characteristics of the irritation-process ofMimosa pudica by regarding known properties of reductones, i.e. the irritation reaction, the restitution, the influence of sun-light and their sleeping in darkness.

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Herrn Prof.Arthur Stoll zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Aus dem chemischen Institut der Universität Freiburg i. Br. und dem Institut für organische Chemie an der Universität Erlangen.

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Mein lieber Freund Dr.B. Banerjee hat die Fortsetzung dieser Untersuchung nicht mehr erlebt. Noch während seines Aufenthalts in Deutschland überfiel ihn die tückische Krankheit, der er kurz nach seiner Heimkehr erlag.     

Die Entwicklung der Valenzlehre und Alfred Werner

Summary Surveying the various concepts of valency which have been put forward sinceDalton for the classification of chemical phenomena, it is found that the principles have been either dualistic (Berzelius, Blomstrand, Arrhenius, Kossel) or unitarian (Gerhard, Couper, Kekulé). The phenomena of inorganic chemistry can be classified only by using dualistic concepts, whereas unitarian systems proved to be superior for the phenomena of organic chemistry. In the conceptions of G. N.Lewis and N.Sidgwick, a combination of dualistic and unitarian concepts in one theory was achieved by distinguishing two types of bonds (mobile-immobile, polar-non-polar, ioniccovalent). With the octet rule, ions as well as molecules (uncharged and charged) may be derived and it is readily understood that bonds may vary from extreme polarity to non-polar links.The coordination theory ofWerner neither fits into the dualistic nor the unitarian class of valency principles.Werner derives the compounds by using principal and auxiliary valencies (Haupt- und Nebenvalenzen) and distinguishes addition and insertion compounds (Anlagerungs- und Einlagerungsverbindungen). However, he avoids making any statement concerning the nature of the bonds, which makes his system very adaptable but difficult to grasp. Today it is readily understood thatWerner's principal valency characterizes the stoichiometry and his coordination number characterizes the structure of the compound in question without making any statement about the nature of the bonds involved. Because of thatWerner's concepts have survived and are indispensable even today, in spite of the rise of atomic physics which has changed our views on the nature of the chemical bonds so drastically.

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Paul-Karrer-Vorlesung, gehalten am 22. Juni 1966 zum Anlass der hundertsten Wiederkehr des Geburtstages vonAlfred Werner, dem Vorgänger von Professor Karrer auf dem Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Chemie der Universität Zürich.     

Die polarographische Untersuchung von Chalkonen und Flavanonen

Summary It has been found by polarographic analysis in neutral or acid solution that chalcones show two reduction potentials, while flavanones show only one.It was possible to determine 2'-hydroxy-chalcone beside flavanone with a polarograph.The formation rate of a chalcone from an aldehyde and a ketone could be followed polarographically.     

Die Sofortwirkung des Thyroxins und ihre klinische Bedeutung

Summary Former investigations have shown, that Thyroxine does not accelerate directly oxidations but the fermentations and that combustions are increased by the breakdown products only. That is why Thyroxine cannot act from the blood, for on the surface of the cells fermentations are stopped by the oxidations because of the Pasteur reaction. Therefore Thyroxine must reach the O₂-poor interior of cells by means of the peripheral nerves. If it is so then in case of the damage of the cells—which is followed as known by the paralysis of the Pasteur reaction—Thyroxine must act directly from the blood without any latency, for then fermentations are no longer stopped at the surface of the cells. The experiments have shown indeed, that if you produce by anemia on white rats a lack of oxygen, Thyroxine increases the oxidations up to 50% already in about 30 minutes which in the case of normal animals cannot be expected before 24 hours. It is probable that in the case of the general damage of cells (serious anemia, uncompensated heart defects, tumors) the noticeable loss in weight and cachexia are conditioned by that Thyroxine which circulates in the blood-stream and they may be cured by remedies such as Thiouracil or Thermothyrine.     

Die mathematischen und philosophischen Grundlagen des Weierstraßschen Zahlbegriffs zwischen Bolzano und Cantor

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von H. J. M. Bos     

Die Tuberkulose in ihrer Beziehung zu Individuum und Gesellschaft

Summary In confidential medical service, it has become the custom to judge the individual according to criteria which have been won from statistical studies on groups of people. This is a violation of the fundamental principles of logic and of scientific methods in general. So long as it is only a question of a free agreement between the doctor and the subject of the examination (as in the case of private life insurance), there is no objection; but when the vital interests of the subject examined depend upon the result of the examination (as in the case of immigration, choice of profession, nationalisation, marriage, etc.), then this procedure is a serious abuse. The individual must notde facto be put at a disadvantage by calculations based on probability. This situation is discussed in relation to the prognosis of tuberculous processes in man.

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Tuberkulosefürsorgestelle.     

Sauerstoff-Heteroringe. Die Konfiguration und Synthese desd,l-Homopterocarpins

Summary The racemic form of homopterocarpin (V), a constituent of red sandal-wood, has been synthesized by a method which has previously been proposed by the authors. N. M. R. spectral studies in conjunction with the examination of models have enabled the assignment of thecis configuration (V) to homopterocarpin.

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V. Mitteilung. IV. Mitteilung sieheH. Suginome, Exper.18, 161 (1962).     

Die Wirkung von Spirolactonen und von Herzglykosiden auf den Natrium- und Kaliumtransport an Erythrocyten

Summary Experiments made on human red cells showed that spirolactones (SC 5233 and SC 9420) added to the sample as dry powder (10^–3 g/ml) exert an inhibitory action on the active transport of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane. Spirolactone at its saturation concentration in serum (1.5×10^–5 g/ml), however, was ineffective.The inhibitory action was not affected by aldosterone or hydrocortisone.Experiments involving exposure of red cells to spirolactone and a cardiac glycoside simultaneously led to the conclusion that these substances do not have the same mechanism of action. The inhibition caused by spirolactone added to the inhibition due to a supramaximal concentration of ouabain (5 × 10^–4).

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Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch ein Stipendium der CIBA für naturwissenschaftliche, medizinische und technische Forschung.     

Die teratogene Wirkung von Äthylharnstoff und Nitrit bei Ratten

Summary Simultaneous peroral application of ethylurea and sodium nitrite to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, on the 9th and 10th days of gestation, causes embryotoxic and/or teratogenic effects. Each substance alone does not afflict the fetuses, whereas the combined addition to the food permits the formation of ethyl nitroso-urea in the digestive tract. The latter readily passes the placenta and develops the teratogenic effect. It is to be considered that teratogenic substances can occur from food constituents in the human organism also.     

Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze,des Kaninchens und der Ratte

Summary The concentration of noradrenaline in different parts of the heart was estimated in cats, rabbits, and rats. In each heart, the concentration of noradrenaline was much higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium and higher in the right ventricle than in the left one.     

Die Wirkung von Vasopressin und Oxytocin auf das Nervensystem von Insekten

Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin are antagonistically effective substances with inverse dependence on concentration in the nervous system of insects. These results emphasize the central importance of neurohormonal control of general response in the nervous system.     

Die Chemie der Insektizide,ihre Entwicklung und ihr heutiger Stand

Ohne ZusammenfassungErweiterte Fassung des von Dr.P. Müller am 2. Juli 1952 vor der Basler Naturforschenden und Chemischen Gesellschaft gehaltenen Vortrags.     

Die bakteriostatische Wirkung von Chalkon,Flavanon, Flavon und Flavonol

Summary Chalcone, flavanone, flavone, and its derivatives had a certain bacteriostatic effect onSt. aureus. Flavonol has no activity and morin, a derivative of flavonol, showed only a weak inhibition of the bacterial growth.Cystein did not have any antagonistic effect.Extracts of drugs, which contain natural flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and flavonols, are more or less bacteriostatic.     

Die v. Helmholtzschen Monozykel-Analogien zur Thermodynamik und das Clauiussche Disgregationskonzept

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von S. Flügge     

Die Wirkung von Herzglykosiden und Kalzium auf den Kaliumtransport im Herzmuskel

Summary In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, both strophanthin and calcium produced positive inotropic effects and contracture increasing with the concentration of the drugs. Strophanthin caused a net loss of potassium from the heart to the perfusing fluid whereas calcium did not interfer in the same way with potassium exchange. The data are consistent with the view that the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides depends mainly on the increased intracellular calcium concentration, perhaps due to inhibition of the active potassium and sodium transport.     

Die Verteilung der Na- und Cl-Ionen zwischen Blutserum einerseits,Pleurapunktat, Ascites und Liquor cerebrospinalis andererseits

Summary We determined the sodium, chloride, and protein content of sera on the one hand, and the same constituents in pleural, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluid on the other. We found the proportions of sodium and chlorine of serum and corresponding fluid to be identical with the proportions calculated according tovan Slyke's formula on the basis of the Donnan equilibrium. Consequently one cannot draw any diagnostic conclusions from the sodium or chlorine content of these fluids, as they depend solely on the sodium or chlorine content of the serum and the protein content of the serum and fluid.