A silicon transporter in rice

Silicon is beneficial to plant growth and helps plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses by preventing lodging (falling over) and increasing resistance to pests and diseases, as well as other stresses. Silicon is essential for high and sustainable production of rice, but the molecular mechanism responsible for the uptake of silicon is unknown. Here we describe the Low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1) gene, which controls silicon accumulation in rice, a typical silicon-accumulating plant. This gene belongs to the aquaporin family and is constitutively expressed in the roots. Lsi1 is localized on the plasma membrane of the distal side of both exodermis and endodermis cells, where casparian strips are located. Suppression of Lsi1 expression resulted in reduced silicon uptake. Furthermore, expression of Lsi1 in Xenopus oocytes showed transport activity for silicon only. The identification of a silicon transporter provides both an insight into the silicon uptake system in plants, and a new strategy for producing crops with high resistance to multiple stresses by genetic modification of the root's silicon uptake capacity.     

Crystal structure of bacterial multidrug efflux transporter AcrB

AcrB is a major multidrug exporter in Escherichia coli. It cooperates with a membrane fusion protein, AcrA, and an outer membrane channel, TolC. We have determined the crystal structure of AcrB at 3.5 A resolution. Three AcrB protomers are organized as a homotrimer in the shape of a jellyfish. Each protomer is composed of a transmembrane region 50 A thick and a 70 A protruding headpiece. The top of the headpiece opens like a funnel, where TolC might directly dock into AcrB. A pore formed by three alpha-helices connects the funnel with a central cavity located at the bottom of the headpiece. The cavity has three vestibules at the side of the headpiece which lead into the periplasm. In the transmembrane region, each protomer has twelve transmembrane alpha-helices. The structure implies that substrates translocated from the cell interior through the transmembrane region and from the periplasm through the vestibules are collected in the central cavity and then actively transported through the pore into the TolC tunnel.     

豌豆根瘤菌RND外排转运基因tpaA的功能研究

Rhizobium. leguminosarum 3841 tpa A基因编码RND家族内膜外排转运蛋白,RND外排泵的过量表达是革兰阴性菌细菌抗生素耐药性形成的重要原因之一.采用基因同源重组构建豌豆根瘤菌tpa A基因突变株RLtpa A,并研究了该基因突变对根瘤菌生长、抗生素耐药性以及共生固氮的影响.结果表明,tpa A基因突变会使根瘤菌在AMS基本培养基生长延迟,但不影响其在TY天然培养基中的正常生长. tpa A基因突变可能抑制了根瘤菌中的RND家族外排泵的过量表达,从而使其抗生素耐药性降低.接种了tpa A基因突变株的豌豆植株能形成红色有效根瘤,但其接种根瘤固氮酶活性降低.实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析表明tpa A基因在根瘤类菌体中的表达显著上调.     

生长素调控极性运输载体PIN2质膜丰度与降解

主要观察了外源生长素长时间(8 h)处理对拟南芥生长素极性输出载体PIN2-GFP质膜丰度的影响,低温、KCN处理和生长素受体突变对生长素调控质膜PIN2-GFP丰度的影响,以及液泡H+-ATPase抑制剂ConA对野生型和生长素受体四突变体tir1afb1,2,3液泡中PIN2-GFP积累的影响.结果表明:外源生长素通过其受体TIR1/AFB介导的信号途径下调质膜PIN2-GFP的丰度,促进PIN2-GFP的内吞、胞内运输和液泡降解.暗示生长素通过TIR1/AFB介导的信号途径反馈调控质膜PIN2-GFP的水平,从而阻止了胞内生长素的过多输出.     

An active DNA transposon family in rice

The publication of draft sequences for the two subspecies of Oryza sativa (rice), japonica (cv. Nipponbare) and indica (cv. 93-11), provides a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of transposable elements in this important crop plant. Here we report the use of these sequences in a computational approach to identify the first active DNA transposons from rice and the first active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) from any organism. A sequence classified as a Tourist-like MITE of 430 base pairs, called miniature Ping (mPing), was present in about 70 copies in Nipponbare and in about 14 copies in 93-11. These mPing elements, which are all nearly identical, transpose actively in an indica cell-culture line. Database searches identified a family of related transposase-encoding elements (called Pong), which also transpose actively in the same cells. Virtually all new insertions of mPing and Pong elements were into low-copy regions of the rice genome. Since the domestication of rice mPing MITEs have been amplified preferentially in cultivars adapted to environmental extremes-a situation that is reminiscent of the genomic shock theory for transposon activation.     

An ABC transporter with a secondary-active multidrug translocator domain

Multidrug resistance, by which cells become resistant to multiple unrelated pharmaceuticals, is due to the extrusion of drugs from the cell's interior by active transporters such as the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. Two major classes of transporters mediate this extrusion. Primary-active transporters are dependent on ATP hydrolysis, whereas secondary-active transporters are driven by electrochemical ion gradients that exist across the plasma membrane. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter LmrA is a primary drug transporter in Lactococcus lactis that can functionally substitute for P-glycoprotein in lung fibroblast cells. Here we have engineered a truncated LmrA protein that lacks the ATP-binding domain. Surprisingly, this truncated protein mediates a proton-ethidium symport reaction without the requirement for ATP. In other words, it functions as a secondary-active multidrug uptake system. These findings suggest that the evolutionary precursor of LmrA was a secondary-active substrate translocator that acquired an ATP-binding domain to enable primary-active multidrug efflux in L. lactis.     

一种改良的水稻总DNA提取方法

在植物DNA提取“SDS法”基础上,提出了一种改良的DNA提取方法,称“剪切法”.采用“剪切法”、“液氮法”和“钢珠法”3种方法提取水稻幼叶总DNA并进行了电泳分析和PCR检测,同时首次选择了以幼穗为提取材料,用“剪切法”分别提取水稻幼穗、幼叶和老叶的总DNA并进行比较,结果表明:“剪切法”是一种简易、经济、高质的DNA提取方法,对于以F2极端分离群体作为基因定位群体,取幼穗为提取水稻总DNA的材料是一种经济便捷的途径.     

一种改进的硅太阳能电池非线性工程数学模型

针对现有硅太阳能电池工程数学模型精度不高的缺点,基于硅太阳能电池的理论数学模型,提出一种改进的硅太阳能电池非线性工程简化数学模型.忽略一些次要因素的影响,仅仅利用硅太阳能电池生产厂商提供的、标准测试条件下的4个电气参数,即短路电流Isc-ref、开路电压Uoc-ref、最大功率点电流Im-ref和最大功率点电压Um-ref.更重要的是,该模型首次考虑在任意光强和温度下的串联电阻参数的影响,以提高精度.进行了太阳能电池输出电气特性试验,并与基于简化模型的仿真对比.结果表明,该模型的误差一般都在6%以内,满足工程应用的精度要求.     

四端硅压力传感器的解析模型

利用正则摄动法,采用合理的边界条件,求解四端硅压力传感器二维电势的偏微分方程,得出了该传感器二维电势的解析表达式;并由此导出了随应力而变的最大输出电压的解析表达式,且给出了输出电压与器件尺寸的精确关系。该模型物理意义明确,参数提取方便,其计算结果与数值解、实验数据较好吻合,可以很方便地进行器件设计和模拟。     

沙棘米醋对实验小鼠消化功能的影响

取禁食20-24h体重为18—22g的小白鼠50只，随机分成5组，标记每组10只。分别用含有炭末混悬液的4％。2％，1％浓度沙棘米醋与含有炭末混悬液50％浓度食醋、生理盐水对照给小白鼠灌胃，利用色素流动法测定沙棘米醋对消化功能的影响。结果表明，沙棘米醋对肠道有推进作用。加速了粪便的排泄。     

水稻基因表达谱分析寡核苷酸芯片制备的研究

 首先有目的地搜集了50个水稻花序相关基因,进行了探针的设计、筛选及合成纯化,用点样仪以微阵列的形式将其点于醛基化的玻璃片上;将3个不同生长阶段的水稻花序材料的总RNA经荧光标记反转录后与寡核苷酸芯片进行杂交.用ScanArray3000对获得的表达谱进行扫描分析显示,芯片图像背景均匀,信号清晰.用ImaGene4.0软件对表达谱分析表明,候选基因在水稻花序3个不同发育阶段的材料中,表达水平有显著差异.为进一步进行水稻寡核苷酸芯片的制备及应用奠定了基础.     

基于数字图像处理的晶体硅颗粒形态分析算法

颗粒形态分析是准确进行颗粒识别的基础.本文利用图像处理技术统计颗粒数目,标注颗粒质心,计算了颗粒的面积、周长、圆度、矩形度、伸长度和凸缺率等几何形态特征.其中,凸缺率是为描述一个连通域集合的凹陷程度提出的新概念.实验结果表明,本文的颗粒形态分析算法可以准确有效地完成颗粒形态分析.     

废弃晶硅太阳能电池中银与硅的静电分选

为提高废弃晶硅太阳能电池板中银、硅等有价值材料的回收率,采用针-辊式静电分选机对静电分选中影响分选效率的设备参数进行了实验探究.首先通过单因素实验确定因素范围,再通过正交实验确定银和硅分选的最佳参数配置.实验结果表明:在最佳参数配置下银的分选效率为94.37%,硅的分选效率为78.58%;实验最佳参数配置为电晕极角度80 °,极间距80 mm,电压27.5 kV,转速90 r/min.本研究为静电分选废弃晶硅太阳能电池板中银和硅的实验参数设置提供了依据.     

An anther-specific chalcone synthase-like geneD5 related to rice pollen development

It was shown in a previous analysis that D5 gene from rice (Oryza sativa L.) was an anther-specific gene encoding a chalcone synthase-related protein. In this study, D5 gene was found specifically expressed in tapetum cells as well as in the peripheral cells of the vascular bundle of rice anthers by RNA in situ hybridization. In order to study its function, D5 was transformed into rice in both sense and antisense directions driven by a rice Actin 1 promoter. It has been observed that the pollen grains from the antisense D5 transgenic rice plants are abnormal, indicating that D5 plays a critical role in rice pollen development.     

Mesoporous fibrous silicon nitride by catalytic nitridation of silicon

The catalytic effect of metal oxide/alumina whiskers(CeO_2, Mn_3O_4, NiO, Co_3O_4, Fe_2O_3, Cr_2O_3/AW) was evaluated on their ability to drive the nitridation of silicon and to generate mesoporous fibrous silicon networks.Silicon powder with different particles size along with the catalyst was nitridized at 1300 °C for 5 h in nitrogen and nitrogen diluted with 10 vol% ammonia atmospheres. Nitridation degree of silicon up to 99% was recorded using 1.5 wt% CeO_2 and Fe_2O_3 catalysts in nitrogen-ammonia atmosphere. The catalyzed samples contain submicronic silicon nitride fibres with a diameter of 400–500 nm and a length of up to few micrometers. The compressive strength of 46 ± 1 MPa was measured for silicon samples catalyzed with nickel oxide/alumina whiskers and nitridized in N_2/10 vol%NH_3 atmosphere. Porous silicon nitride networks were produced with 45–52% porosity, pore sizes in the range of 370–1200 nm and median pore in the range of 495–1655 nm.     

2019年熔盐电解法制备硅基能源材料热点回眸

介绍熔盐电解法制备硅材料及其在能源领域的应用,并回顾其2019年的基础研究进展。熔盐电解方法可以在较温和的温度下通过电化学还原氧化硅实现硅纳米材料的大规模制备,得到的硅纳米材料纯度和形貌可控,能够用于硅基光伏材料以及锂离子电池负极材料。     

抗坏血酸在钼蓝法测定微量SiO2中的应用

研究了以抗坏血酸为还原剂，用光度法测定碳化硅超细粉中微量ＳｉＯ２的方法，结果表明，最大吸收波长为８００ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为２．５０＊１０＾４Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ），线性范围为０．０５－０．０７ｍｇ／Ｌ，平均回收率为９９．３２％，ＲＳＤ为１．６７％，该法适用于碳化硅超细粉中微量ＳｉＯ２的测定。     

抗坏血酸在钼蓝法测定微量SiO_2中的应用

研究了以抗坏血酸为还原剂 ,用光度法测定碳化硅超细粉中微量SiO2 (硅钼蓝 )的方法 .结果表明 ,最大吸收波长为 80 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 2 .5 0× 10 4 L/ (mol·cm) ,线性范围为 0 .0 5～ 0 .0 7mg/L ,平均回收率为 99.32 % ,RSD为 1.6 7% ,该法适用于碳化硅超细粉中微量SiO2 的测定 .