Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment

Human-driven ecosystem simplification has highlighted questions about how the number of species in an ecosystem influences its functioning. Although biodiversity is now known to affect ecosystem productivity, its effects on stability are debated. Here we present a long-term experimental field test of the diversity-stability hypothesis. During a decade of data collection in an experiment that directly controlled the number of perennial prairie species, growing-season climate varied considerably, causing year-to-year variation in abundances of plant species and in ecosystem productivity. We found that greater numbers of plant species led to greater temporal stability of ecosystem annual aboveground plant production. In particular, the decadal temporal stability of the ecosystem, whether measured with intervals of two, five or ten years, was significantly greater at higher plant diversity and tended to increase as plots matured. Ecosystem stability was also positively dependent on root mass, which is a measure of perenniating biomass. Temporal stability of the ecosystem increased with diversity, despite a lower temporal stability of individual species, because of both portfolio (statistical averaging) and overyielding effects. However, we found no evidence of a covariance effect. Our results indicate that the reliable, efficient and sustainable supply of some foods (for example, livestock fodder), biofuels and ecosystem services can be enhanced by the use of biodiversity.     

生物多样性与生态系统功能:内涵与外延

从不同层次探讨了生物多样性和生态系统功能的内涵与外延,在此基础上提出了进行生物多样性和生态系统功能研究的启示．     

Impacts of climate change on ecosystem in Priority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation in China

Priority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation （PABCs） are the key areas for future biodiversity conservation in China. In this study, we used 5 dynamic global vegetation models （DGVMs） to simulate the ecosystem function changes under future climate change scenario in the 32 terrestrial PABCs. We selected vegetation coverage, vegetation productivity, and ecosystem carbon balance as the indicators to describe the ecosystem function changes. The results indicate that woody vegetation coverage will greatly increase in the Loess Plateau Region, the North China Plain, and the Lower Hilly Region of South China. The future climate change will have great impact on the original vegetation in alpine meadow and arid and semiarid regions. The vegetation productivity of most PABCs will enhance in the coming 100 years. The largest increment will take place in the southwestern regions with high elevation. The PABCs in the Desert Region of Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau are with fastest productivity climbing, and these areas are also with more carbon sink accumulation in the future. DGVM will be a new efficient tool for evaluating ecosystem function changes in future in large scale. This study is expected to provide technical support for the future ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation under climate change.     

全球气候变化与生物多样性

综述了全球气候变化与生物多样性的研究现状，讨论了全球气候变化引起物种灭绝的内在机制，并从全球变暖与生物多样性丢失间的正反馈因果关系出发，指出保护全球生物多样性对遏制全球变暖的重要价值，同时也指出了生物多样性与全球气候变化研究的方向。     

生物多样性利用与生物经济

生物多样性的保护和可持续利用对于生物经济的发展十分重要,也是研究生物技术发展及生物产业的着眼点和基石.对生物多样性的保护和持续利用的关系,以及在制药、生物农药和生物能源中的重要性进行了讨论.     

干扰与生物多样性

在阐述干扰含义的基础上,从群落的时空尺度两以次上论述了干扰与生物多样性的关系,适度的干扰能增加群落水平的生物多样性,大时空尺度上的干扰通过增加生境的空异质性促进了生物多样性的提高,最后指了干扰可以作为生态管理,提高生物多样性的有力手段。     

生物多样性研究热点与武陵山区生物多样性调查策略

本文从生物多样性与生态系统功能及其价值评估、生物多样性的保护对策的确定、人类活动对生物多样性的影响及生物安全、生物多样性的调查、编目及数字化信息系统的建立四个方面介绍了国际国内的研究进展,并根据国外对生物多样性的研究热点以及国内的现状,讨论了武陵山区生物多样性调查策略.     

土壤微生物多样性与植物多样性

土壤中生活着丰富的微生物类群,是一个重要的地下生物宝库.土壤微生物是土壤中的主要分解者,对环境起着天然的“过滤”和“净化”作用,在自然生态系统的功能发挥和维持能力方面极其重要.植物、土壤和微生物相互作用,构成了一个植物-土壤-微生物的有机整体.土壤微生物多样性代表着微生物群落的稳定性,指生命体在遗传、种类和生态系统层次上的变化.从遗传、分类、生态功能以及系统发育等多方面阐述了当前土壤微生物多样性的研究工作.同时探讨了植物多样性与土壤微生物多样性之间的内在联系,植被的破坏可直接导致土壤微生物多样性的丧失,而土壤微生物对植物物种多样性的维持又具有重要作用.因此,加强土壤微生物多样性研究对植物多样性保护具有重要意义.     

Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity

The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nations declared that human actions were dismantling the Earth's ecosystems, eliminating genes, species and biological traits at an alarming rate. This observation led to the question of how such loss of biological diversity will alter the functioning of ecosystems and their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper.     

海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性研究进展

综述了海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性研究的过去和现状。阐述了海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性学说的基本原理,剖析了我国海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性研究存在的不足及与国际研究的差距,提出了海洋底栖生物研究的前景和方向．     

海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性研究进展

综述了海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性研究的过去和现状,阐述了海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性学说的基本原理,剖析了我国海洋底栖生物生态学和生物多样性研究存在的不足及与国际研究的差距,提出了海洋底栖生物研究的前景和方向.