核壳粒子增韧改性液态成型双马树脂性能及其机理

传统的液态成型双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)较低的韧性阻碍了其在航空航天领域的应用。通过在液态成型双马树脂网络中引入核壳粒子，利用核壳粒子具备独特的双层结构增韧改性双马树脂。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同含量核壳粒子改性液态成型双马树脂体系断面形貌进行研究，SEM结果表明，改性的液态成型双马树脂固化物断裂表面的裂纹扩展明显受阻，显示韧性断裂形貌。研究了不同含量核壳粒子对液态成型双马树脂体系性能的影响，优选出最佳的核壳粒子含量。研究表明，改性固化物表现出优异的机械性能：拉伸强度108.8 MPa，提高了13.1%；断裂伸长率3.12%，提高了16.8%；弯曲强度190 MPa，提高了12.4%;K_IC达到2.83 MPa/m^1/2，提高了20.9%;G_Ic达到1619 J/m²，提高了54.6%；并且保持改性前树脂热性能及热失重性能，玻璃化转变温度T_g为292.3℃，5%热失重温度为401.0℃。     

纳米SiO2和CaCO3改性脲醛树脂甲醛含量及性能研究

采用质量分数1%硅烷偶联剂KH一570处理纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3表面,通过间歇式超声波震荡法将纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3加入脲醛树脂进行改性;研究了纳米SiO2和CaCO3用量对脲醛树脂游离甲醛、粘度、固化时间、拉伸剪切强度的影响.结果表明:纳米SiO2、CaCO3用量对相同F/U摩尔比脲醛树脂的性能有不同程度的影响.当纳米SiO2用量小于质量分数1.5%时,用量越大,游离甲醛含量越低,粘度越大,拉伸剪切强度越大,对固化时间影响不大,而纳米SiO2用量超过质量分数1.5%时,游离甲醛含量不再下降;随着纳米CaCO3的加入量的增加,游离甲醛含量也越低,粘度越大,拉伸剪切强度变化不大,树脂的固化时间延长,加入量大于质量分数7%时,树脂不能固化.因此纳米CaCO3加入量控制质量分数5%时,树脂性能最佳.     

甲阶酚醛树脂的贮存稳定性

甲阶酚醛树脂在贮存过程中容易自缩聚,稳定性低。采用两种方法对其进行改性:一种是引入氯丙烯以降低羟甲基活性,另一种是合成高邻位酚醛树脂并加入聚乙二醇。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分别表征了改性前后树脂的基团变化、热性能,并进行了固化动力学分析,考察了酚醛树脂的黏度变化以研究其贮存性能。研究表明:成功地运用这两种方法合成了改性树脂,且热分析结果说明羟甲基的活性有所减弱;固化动力学结果表明树脂活化能变化较小,说明树脂贮存稳定性提高且对固化影响不大,烯丙基改性将酚醛树脂的贮存期由30d提高到108d,聚乙二醇改性后也可以贮存至108d。     

聚酰胺酸改性环氧树脂耐热性的研究

用4, 4′-二氨基二苯基砜(DDS)做固化剂,采用聚酰胺酸(PAA)对环氧树脂(EP)进行改性,研究了PAA用量、固化剂用量和反应时间对环氧树脂耐热性的影响,采用TG测定不同配比、预反应时间及不同固化温度下改性EP的耐热性,利用SEM对最佳配比固化后样品的表面和断面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,改性树脂最佳固化工艺条件为:120 ℃,1 h→150 ℃,1 h→170 ℃,2 h→200 ℃,2 h→250 ℃,2 h;改性树脂配比为mEP∶mPAA∶mDDS=1∶0.75∶0.08;预反应时间3 h,改性EP的热分解温度为411 ℃,比未改姓EP提高了近80 ℃以上;EP/PAA/DDS固化后样品无明显的两相结构,树脂的相容性较好.     

硅氧烷低聚物改性EP固化机理及表面性能研究

为改善EP的表面性能,利用合成的星型端硅氧烷低聚物(TPSi)对环氧树脂(EP)改性,通过溶胶-凝胶技术固化复合体系.研究了复合体系的固化机理及表面性能.结果表明:TPSi改性EP的复合体系中,存在着3种固化机理.当TPSi含量不超过30%时,3种不同机理固化反应的发生导致体系的相容性增加.与EP-胺固化样相比,改性后试样的临界表面张力增加.偶联剂(KBE-9103)的加入,TPSi改性固化体系表面张力增大.     

碳布叠层增强树脂基湿式摩擦材料的制备及其性能

采用碳布叠层增强,环氧树脂和酚醛树脂作为黏结剂,通过热压成形和固化热处理技术,制备一种叠层碳布/树脂基湿式摩擦材料.探索了摩擦副的摩擦表面状态对摩擦磨损性能的影响,并研究不同比例双树脂下的摩擦材料性能.结果表明:随着转速的升高,摩擦材料的摩擦系数减小.酚醛树脂和环氧树脂比例的不同也会对摩擦性能产生影响.由于黏结性能好,环氧树脂的加入使得摩擦材料的稳定性较高.腰果壳油改性酚醛树脂和环氧树脂的比例为1∶2时的摩擦性能最好,摩擦系数为0.14,摩擦系数稳定性在0.85以上.     

含硅芳炔树脂及其共混物熔体的流变性能

采用旋转黏度计和流变仪考察了含硅芳炔树脂(PSA)和含炔丙基苯并噁嗪(P-BZ)共混改性PSA树脂熔体的流变行为,建立了树脂黏度-组分-温度的数学模型。结果表明,P-BZ共混改性PSA树脂可使树脂的加工窗口变宽,树脂在90~130℃的黏度随温度升高而下降,PSA树脂的熔体黏度随P-BZ的加入而降低,P-BZ的加入提高了PSA树脂的加工适用性;PSA树脂的黏度可通过加入P-BZ和升高加工温度进行预测和调控。PSA及其改性树脂的动态流变行为显示树脂熔体呈牛顿流体,P-BZ降低了PSA树脂熔体的储能模量和复数黏度。用双阿仑尼乌斯方程对PSA及其改性树脂在160~190℃的等温黏时曲线进行拟合,得到的经验模型表明当PSA树脂共混入质量分数为10%的P-BZ时,树脂的凝胶时间延长,而树脂凝胶固化活化能从84.50kJ/mol降至54.83kJ/mol。     

芳基二炔丙基醚改性含硅芳炔树脂的性能

合成了4,4'-双酚芴二炔丙基醚(DPO-BPF)和4,4'-二苯醚二炔丙基醚(DPO-BPE),将两种芳基二炔丙基醚与含硅芳炔(PSA)树脂通过溶液和熔融法制得改性的PSA。对改性PSA树脂的固化反应、树脂浇铸体的热稳定性和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:相比于PSA树脂,加入两种芳基二炔丙基醚改性的PSA树脂的固化反应起始温度变化小,固化反应峰值温度升高。改性PSA树脂在氮气中的热稳定性随加入芳基二炔丙基醚质量分数的增加而下降,30%(质量分数)的DPO-BPF改性PSA树脂固化物在氮气中5%热失重温度(T_(d5))为559℃,800℃残留率为87%。DPO-BPE和DPO-BPF改性PSA树脂浇铸体的力学性能高于纯PSA树脂浇铸体的力学性能,20%(质量分数)DPO-BPE改性PSA树脂浇铸体的弯曲强度和冲击强度可达51.6 MPa和5.2 kJ/m~2,分别比纯PSA树脂浇铸体的相应值增加了137%和136%;动态热力学分析可知改性后PSA树脂浇铸体在500℃内未发现玻璃化转变。改性PSA树脂力学性能显著提高,耐热性能优异,可用作耐热、结构一体化轻质材料。     

端丙烯酸酯基超支化聚酯的合成及固化反应性能

对超支化聚合物端基反应性能进行研究,可为其在热固性树脂中的应用提供指导。以丙烯酸为反应试剂,对端羟基脂肪型超支化聚酯进行端基改性,以高的收率及反应程度得到了端丙烯酸酯基超支化聚酯。研究了改性聚合物的紫外光固化反应性能。结果表明:由于空间位阻的影响,单独改性聚合物的端基反应程度很低;在其中加入活性稀释剂丙烯酸羟丙酯后,端基的反应能力得到很大改善。     

交流阻抗法评价氟改性乙烯基酯树脂的耐腐蚀性

用甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯（DFHMA）对乙烯基酯树脂（VERs）进行共固化改性，采用FT-IR和XPS分析了固化物结构及表面性能，并采用交流阻抗（EIS）分析了不同氟含量的树脂涂层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡不同时间的交流阻抗谱，进行了等效电路、孔隙率及吸水率分析。结果表明，含氟乙烯基酯树脂固化后，氟元素在树脂表面富集；树脂涂层的阻抗值随氟含量的提高而逐渐增加；当DFHMA质量分数为7% 时阻抗值达到最高，且其孔隙率和吸水率均较未改性树脂涂层低；经DFHMA改性的VERs具有良好的抗渗透性和耐蚀性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that