氧分压对Zn0.99Mn0.01O稀磁薄膜结构和磁学特性的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在Al2O3衬底上制备了Mn掺杂的ZnO稀磁薄膜.通过不同氧压下所制备样品的微观结构、光学性质和铁磁特性分析,研究了氧分压对Zn0.99Mn0.01O稀磁薄膜微观结构和磁学特性的影响.结果表明,所沉积薄膜均具有良好的c轴择优取向.在氧分压为5 Pa时得到的(002)衍射峰半高宽最小,但薄膜的室温铁磁...     

Cr掺杂浓度对ZnO基稀磁半导体生长结构的影响

采用射频磁控溅射设备在本征抛光Si(100)衬底上沉积Cr掺杂ZnO薄膜,分析不同掺杂浓度对薄膜的生长结构的影响.分别用XRD、SEM和XRF来表征薄膜的晶相结构、表观形貌和掺杂浓度.实验结果表明,掺杂浓度为2.10%的Zn1-xCrxO薄膜,出现了更好C轴取向性,衍射峰半高宽较窄,样品表面平滑致密,晶粒较大为3.555 nm.     

衬底温度对铝掺杂氧化锌薄膜生长及其微结构性能的影响

以铝掺杂氧化锌(Zn O:Al)陶瓷靶作为溅射材料,采用RF磁控溅射技术,在玻璃衬底上制备了Zn O:Al半导体薄膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)测试研究了衬底温度对Zn O:Al薄膜生长特性及其微结构性能的影响.研究表明:衬底温度对薄膜生长和微结构均具有明显的影响;随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜(002)晶面取向度和平均晶粒尺寸表现为先增大后减小的变化趋势,而半高宽、微应变和位错密度则呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势.当衬底温度为650 K时,Zn O:Al薄膜具有最高的(002)晶面取向度、最大的晶粒尺寸、最窄的半高宽、最低的微应变、最小的位错密度,其结晶性能和微结构性能最佳.     

Zn缺陷对ZnO薄膜光学特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法在熔石英玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜．薄膜的X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明样品具有较好的结晶性和良好的C轴取向．光致发光（PL）性能分析发现,分别在398nm和470nm波长出现了较强的发光峰,与ZnO薄膜通常的发光峰位置明显不同．通过分析表明,398nm波长的发光峰是由于导带电子跃迁到Zn空位引起,470nm波长的发光峰是由于间隙Zn电子跃迁到Zn空位上而产生．     

直流反应磁控溅射制备Zn_(1-x)Cd_xO薄膜的结构和光学性能研究

利用直流反应磁控溅射的方法在玻璃衬底上沉积了(002)方向高度择优生长的纤锌矿结构的Zn1-xCdxO(x=0,0.2)合金薄膜.利用XRD、XPS、TEM、PL对薄膜的结构和光学性能进行了详细研究.结果表明,随着x=0到x=0.2,(002)衍射峰从34.36°偏移到33.38°,(002)方向的晶面间距从0.260 nm增加到0.268 nm,Zn1-xCdxO薄膜的光学带隙也从3.20 eV减小到2.70 eV,相应的近带边发光峰从393 nm红移到467 nm.另外,我们还从能带结构观点对Zn1-xCdxO薄膜的发光机理进行了研究.     

溶胶凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜及性质研究

以二水醋酸锌为原料,使用溶胶凝胶法在(100)Si衬底上旋转涂敷得到ZnO薄膜.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)分析经N2、空气、O2不同气氛400℃退火ZnO薄膜的成分和结构差异.使用XRD、原子力显微镜和光致发光手段重点研究了N2气氛条件下,ZnO薄膜结构与发光特性随退火温度的变化规律,发现400℃下退火更适于干凝胶薄膜经历结构弛豫,生成具有(002)择优取向、性质优良的纳米晶ZnO薄膜.计算该样品的晶粒尺寸为41.6 nm,晶格常数a=0.325 3 nm,c=0.521 nm,其PL光谱出现495 nm附近强的绿光发射峰,可能源于ZnO纳米晶粒表面缺陷氧空位(Vo).随着退火温度升高,ZnO生成量减少、晶粒体表面积比(S/V)减小共同作用导致绿光峰强度变弱.     

溅射气压对ZnO薄膜生长、发光性能和结构的影响

沉积缺陷少、晶粒高度c轴择优生长的ZnO薄膜是制备短波发光器件和压电谐振传感器的关键问题之一.以ZnO为靶材,采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备纳米ZnO薄膜,实现了室温下强的紫外受激发射和弱的深能级发射.通过对薄膜表面形貌的观测, 以及对X射线衍射(XRD)谱和室温光致发光(PL)谱的分析,研究了不同溅射气压对ZnO薄膜生长、结构和发光性能的影响.结果显示溅射气压在1.9 Pa-3.5 Pa之间,晶粒直径先增大后减小,在2.6 Pa时晶粒生长到最大;在3.2 Pa时薄膜单一取向性最优,以此推断最佳的溅射气压在2.6 Pa-3.2 Pa之间.实验在玻璃衬底上制备出了XRD衍射峰半高宽仅为0.12°的、高度c轴择优生长的ZnO薄膜.     

钽掺杂对氧化锌透明导电薄膜结构和电学特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上室温沉积不同钽掺杂浓度的氧化锌透明导电薄膜.并对其结构和电学特性进行分析.对衍射峰的分析说明Ta元素以替位Zn元素的形式溶入ZnO晶格中形成了固溶体.当钽掺杂比例从0 wt%增加到10 wt%,晶格常数从0.5242 nm增加到0.5314 nm,表明薄膜中存在平行于c轴方向的张应力.薄膜沿c轴的晶粒尺寸在9.4~13.5 nm之间.薄膜的电阻随着掺杂比例增加首先显著下降,当掺杂比例为5 wt%时,薄膜最小电阻率为7.81×10-2Ω.cm,进一步增加掺杂比例到10 wt%,电阻率增大为1.25×10-1Ω.cm.     

磁控溅射法生长ZnO薄膜的结构和表面形貌特性

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在Si(111)和玻璃基片上制备ZnO薄膜.研究衬底温度和基片类型对薄膜结构、表面形貌的影响.结果显示,所有ZnO薄膜沿c轴择优生长,同种基片类型上生长的薄膜,随着衬底温度升高,(002)衍射峰强度和表面粗糙度增高;相同衬底温度下生长的ZnO薄膜,Si基片上制备的薄膜(002)衍射峰强度和表面粗糙度小于玻璃片上的.基片类型影响薄膜应力状态,玻璃片上制备的ZnO薄膜处于张应变状态,Si基片上的薄膜处于压应变状态;对于同种基片类型上生长的ZnO薄膜,衬底温度升高,应力减小.Si衬底上、300℃下沉积的薄膜颗粒尺寸分布呈正态.     

Sol-Gel法制备B-N共掺ZnO薄膜及光学性能研究

实验将B和不同含量的N元素掺入ZnO薄膜中,利用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)旋涂工艺分别在玻璃和硅衬底上制备B-N共掺ZnO薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和光致发光谱(PL)对B-N掺杂样品薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及光学性能进行表征.结果表明,B-N共掺后的薄膜样品,与未掺杂样品和B单掺样品薄膜相比,薄膜结构仍为六方纤锌矿相,且沿ZnO (002)衍射峰择优生长.随着N掺杂量的增加,样品的(002)衍射峰的强度先增强再减弱,当N掺杂量为3.0at%时,衍射峰强度最强,更适合薄膜生长.此时c轴取向相对较好,结晶度高,薄膜表面性能最佳,透过率在90%左右,禁带宽度达到3.51eV,紫外发光峰受到抑制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the