作物-环境信息的快速获取技术与传感仪器

作物-环境信息的快速获取是精准农业实施最为基本和关键的因素.作物信息主要包括作物生长过程中营养信息、生长发育不同阶段的生理信息和生态信息、呼吸作用、光合作用、根系发育等信息、病虫害信息等.环境信息主要包括土壤信息等.作物-环境信息具有数据海量、多维,空间分布差异大,时变性强等特点.传统的作物-环境信息获取方法耗时费力,无法满足精准农业信息快速获取的需要.为此需要大力研究适用于作物-环境信息快速获取的技术和传感仪器.目前主要采用的信息快速获取方法包括机器视觉、光谱分析以及多光谱与高光谱成像技术等.文中对目前主要开展的作物-环境信息快速获取技术和传感仪器进行了综述,并提出了进一步开展作物-环境信息快速获取技术和传感仪器的研究方向.     

Yield curve forecast combinations based on bond portfolio performance

We propose an economically motivated forecast combination strategy in which model weights are related to portfolio returns obtained by a given forecast model. An empirical application based on an optimal mean–variance bond portfolio problem is used to highlight the advantages of the proposed approach with respect to combination methods based on statistical measures of forecast accuracy. We compute average net excess returns, standard deviation, and the Sharpe ratio of bond portfolios obtained with nine alternative yield curve specifications, as well as with 12 different forecast combination strategies. Return‐based forecast combination schemes clearly outperformed approaches based on statistical measures of forecast accuracy in terms of economic criteria. Moreover, return‐based approaches that dynamically select only the model with highest weight each period and discard all other models delivered even better results, evidencing not only the advantages of trimming forecast combinations but also the ability of the proposed approach to detect best‐performing models. To analyze the robustness of our results, different levels of risk aversion and a different dataset are considered.     

基于压缩感知的土壤呼吸监测传感网动态采样调度策略

土壤呼吸监测传感网通常部署在野外,无法直接访问电力,并且土壤呼吸测量过程比较复杂、能耗较高,因此在满足重建准确度要求的前提下,希望以尽量少的采样次数来进行测量.利用土壤呼吸真实物理过程中时间序列的相关性,可以采用压缩感知理论来实现采样调度.本文提出了一种基于压缩感知的分段动态采样调度策略:利用前期测量数据进行分析得到的先验知识,对测量时间区间的数据序列进行分段线性拟合,依据分段数据子序列的线性程度度量指标,动态确定各段的采样率.土壤呼吸测量仪在进行监测时,按照分段动态变化的采样率构造压缩感知采样和重建所需的测量矩阵.实验结果表明,相比平均采样率相同的固定采样策略,本文提出的分段动态采样策略能够得到更好的重建质量,即如果以确定的重建误差阈值作为需求,则本文的动态采样策略具有更小的采样率.虽然计算动态采样率会带来一定的计算开销,但减少的采样次数可以节省更多的能量.本文提出的基于压缩感知的分段动态采样策略,虽然在土壤呼吸监测传感网的应用场景中进行了实验和分析,但其思想对于其他类似应用的采样调度和节能问题也具有借鉴价值和潜在的可应用性.