翅片材料对扁管管翅式换热器耦合传热特性影响

为获得翅片材料对扁管管翅式换热器换热性能的影响,在耦合边界条件下对6种翅片材料对应的气—水换热器内层流流动与传热进行了数值分析.结果表明:翅片导热系数对翅片表面温度的不均匀性、空气通道内水平面上低温区长度以及空气通道内流场结构有不同程度的影响.管壁附近翅片表面局部Nu数几乎不受翅片材料影响,随着背离管壁的距离增大,小导热系数的翅片对前排管处表现出了较好的强化效果,不同管排对应位置上翅片表面局部Nu数的分布并不一致,小导热系数的翅片对板芯平均传热系数的影响较大导热系数翅片显著,而大导热系数的翅片对换热板芯平均传热系数的影响与空气流态关联性较大.     

恒壁温下矩形微通道层流热入口段的换热特性研究

热入口段对于微通道的换热有重要影响,而雷诺数Re对层流入口段的换热影响经常被忽略.据此,采用Fluent软件计算了恒壁温热边界条件下矩形微通道的换热性能,分析比较了不同Re数和不同宽高比对努谢尔数Nu的影响.结果表明:在入口区域,Re数对局部Nu数的影响不能忽略,当Re数小于125时,局部Nu数变化尤为明显;在充分发展后,Re数对Nu数的影响消失;矩形通道宽高比对局部Nu数的影响沿流动方向逐渐增大,在充分发展时达到最大值.此外计算了各工况下矩形通道的无量纲热入口段长度,发现在宽高比为3附近时,无量纲热入口段长度出现了最大值,该结果对微通道散热器优化设计具有一定的指导意义.     

恒壁温下梯形硅微通道热沉流动换热特性

建立了恒壁温条件下微通道中层流流动换热的三维模型,对水力直径分别为108,160和200μm的梯形硅微通道内单相流动换热特性进行了数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:在恒壁温条件下,通道入口段Nu数最大,并沿流程逐渐减小,直至达到充分发展时,Nu数趋于定值;与大管道经典理论不同,充分发展段Nu数随Re数的增加而增加;通道尺度的减小能有效强化换热;恒壁温条件下的平均Nu数总是低于恒热流条件下平均Nu数.同时,对流动阻力损失的研究发现,Poiseuille数与经典值基本吻合.     

热流密度比对环形窄缝通道内单相水换热特性的影响

对双面加热环形窄缝通道内单相水处于充分发展流动情况下的对流换热特性进行了数值计算．计算结果表明，环形通道内、外壁加热热流密度比的不同，对环形通道内、外壁与单相水的对流换热特性有着显著的影响．当内、外壁加热热流密度比较小时，内壁的换热强于外壁，随着内、外壁加热热流密度比的增大，外壁的换热得到增强．但是，当内、外壁加热热流密度比增加到一定程度时，外壁的对流换热特性将超过内壁的对流换热特性．此外，环缝间隙的减小将导致环形通道的换热性能下降．     

燃气轮机叶片前缘旋流冷却的热流固耦合数值研究

为了探究旋流冷却的热流固特性,建立了旋流冷却热流固耦合模型和纯流体模型,在相同边界条件下对两种模型的旋流冷却性能进行了对比研究,同时分析了热流固耦合模型温度场与结构场的分布特性。研究结果表明:固体壁面导热对冷气的流动影响较小,但对流体区域的换热会产生一定影响,热流固耦合模型下靶面的换热强度分布更为均匀,沿冷气流动方向高低换热区域的换热强度差异逐渐减小,各喷嘴进口对应高换热区域的换热强度沿流动方向逐渐增大,热流固耦合模型下靶面的平均换热强度比纯流体模型减小了5.05%;固壁导热对靶面温度有着显著影响,热流固耦合模型靶面温度分布比纯流体模型更为均匀;热流固耦合模型固体区域的整体温度沿着冷气流动方向逐渐升高,整体应力则沿冷气流动方向先增大后减小,靠近叶根和叶顶的区域出现应力集中;整体应变的变化趋势与整体应力变化趋势类似,但在固体传热面上,中部区域出现低应变区域。     

肋对套管内导热和对流耦合换热的影响

数值模拟了带均布纵肋同心套管内的三维导热和对流耦合换热,研究了肋高及肋数对摩擦阻力系数和平均Nusselt数(Nu)的影响.结果表明,肋高和肋数的变化对摩擦阻力系数和平均Nu都有显著影响,平均Nu随着肋数的增加有最大值;入口段Nu随肋高的增大而增大,充分发展段的Nu也随着肋高的增大而增大.     

扩缩通道内流动和换热非线性特性的数值模拟

对扩缩通道内流动与换热进行了数值模拟并探讨了其中的非线性特性.通过对不同突扩比ER、不同长宽比AR及不同雷诺数Re下通道内流场和温度场进行分析,给出在一定工况下对称通道内流体的流动和换热会出现偏斜等非线性现象的情况.数值模拟结果表明,存在临界雷诺数Rec使流体流动和换热形态发生转变,当Re超过Rec时,流体流动和换热不仅有对称解,还有非对称解;当Re继续增大时,流体流动和换热出现振荡.通道的几何尺寸及后缩段(表现为ER及AR)都对Rec产生影响.分析结果表明,当Re超过临界雷诺数Rec时,同一截面处上下壁面的局部努塞尔数Nu也由对称向非对称转变,上下壁面出现最大局部Nu的位置也不同.     

多段转弯连接回转通道的换热和压力分布研究

为了掌握涡轮叶片内的多段通道连接关系对回转通道壁面换热和沿程压力分布的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了带肋单通道、回转通道模型的流动特性,通过瞬态液晶实验测量了回转通道壁面换热分布,揭示了多段通道连接关系对回转通道壁面换热的影响机理。实验结果表明:转弯连接使各段通道的速度分布不均;回转通道沿程压力系数逐渐减小;转弯连接使回转通道各段通道的换热分布不对称,沿流向的努赛尔数Nu逐渐减小;沿程展向平均Nu呈多波峰状分布,肋的扰流作用沿流向逐渐减弱,且两肋之间的高换热区沿流向逐渐向肋下游的背风面偏移;肋间区域的平均Nu沿流向逐渐减小;回转通道各段平均Nu随雷诺数的增加而增大,且增加幅度逐渐减小。     

空气在三角形波纹通道内湍流流动与换热的数值研究

采用数值模拟的方法,对流动与换热进入周期性充分发展段等壁温边界条件下三角形波纹通道内流体的流动与换热进行二维数值模拟分析,计算考察了雷诺数Re、间距比ε及波纹纵横比γ对流动与换热性能的影响。结果表明:Re数及波纹纵横比γ较小时,不会出现回流;在计算的Re范围内,随着Re的增加,平均努塞尔数Nu呈递增趋势,摩擦阻力系数f呈下降趋势;并拟合出通道不同几何因子下阻力系数f及表面换热特性数Nu随Re变化的关联式。通过对性能参数j/f的分析得出,采用小间距比ε或者小波纹纵横比γ均可以提高换热性能。     

交错波纹板原表面换热器通道内对流换热的数值研究

对具有正弦波形通道交叉排列的原表面换热器多通道单元内三维稳态层流流动与换热特性进行了分析，利用数值模拟方法探讨了上下波纹板交错角θ、波纹相对节距P／H(波长／波高)及雷诺数RP对流动与换热性能的影响．结果表明：在入口段流动与换热性能的变化较大，此变化在沿主流方向第4个单元后基本消失；在水力直径基本相同的前提下，阻力系数厂及平均努谢尔特数Nu随θ的增大而增大；f及Nu在P／H为1．5～3．1的范围内随P／H的增大而增大，在RP大于900及P／H为3．1～4．0时随P／H的增大却开始减小；壁面局部Nu的最大值发生在主流尾部以及与流体出口邻近的2个入口处附近，最小值在上下波纹板的接触点上产生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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