转蔗糖:蔗糖-1-果糖基转移酶基因提高烟草的耐旱性

蔗糖: 蔗糖-1-果糖基转移酶（sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase, 1-SST）以蔗糖为底物催化生成蔗果三糖等低聚合度的果聚糖.将从莴苣中克隆的1-SST基因重组到pCAMBIA1300-als中,构建了在CaMV 35S启动子调控下的植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法将1-SST基因导入烟草中,PCR和Southern杂交检测表明获得了转基因植株,RT-PCR结果表明该基因在烟草中正常表达. 对T₀代转基因烟草进行的耐旱性分析结果表明,干旱胁迫6d的转基因植株丙二醛含量和电解质渗漏率显著低于未转基因对照,叶片相对含水量下降速度也明显比对照慢. 对转基因植株叶片糖分分析表明,转基因烟草植株积累果聚糖,并在干旱胁迫后含量明显增加,而未转基因对照植株不积累果聚糖. 在14%PEG溶液中未转基因烟草种子的萌发率仅为转基因烟草种子的一半;在附加200mmol/L甘露醇的培养基中未转基因烟草种子根的生长明显受到抑制,而转基因烟草根的生长发育正常. 以上研究结果表明,转1-SST基因烟草植株耐旱性的提高可能与该基因的表达有关.     

野苋菜凝集素基因的克隆及抗蚜性

通过PCR从苋科植物野苋菜Amaranthus viridis L.基因组DNA中扩增出野苋菜凝集素的核基因片段AVA。序列分析结果表明该基因为1831 bp,含有一个922 bp的内含子和两个分别为212 bp和697 bp的外显子。采用反向PCR技术获得了该基因的编码区克隆。分别构建含有内含子和不含内含子的AVA基因植物表达载体pBI121AVA-GUS和pBI121AVAc-GUS,通过根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草。PCR、GUS检测结果均表明AVA基因不仅已整合到烟草基因组DNA中,而且初步表明转基因烟草有AVA蛋白表达。抗蚜实验表明含内含子和无内含子的AVA基因在转基因烟草中的抗蚜能力不同,转AVA和AVAc烟草对蚜虫的抑制率分别为60.81%和50.63%,有的植株高达97%。实验结果表明所克隆的AVA基因是具有抗蚜能力的苋菜凝集素基因家族中的新成员。     

桃树PpADC基因克隆及逆境胁迫表达分析

多胺广泛参与植物生长、发育等生理生化进程和植物逆境应答反应,精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)是植物多胺生物合成途径中的关键酶.为研究桃树ADC基因的结构和逆境胁迫转录表达情况,试验利用同源序列法克隆桃树PpADC基因,对基因序列、编码蛋白结构等进行生物信息学分析,应用qRT-PCR检测基因PpADC在不同逆境胁迫过程中的转录表达量.结果表明,桃树PpADC基因含有一个2 178 bp的开放阅读框,编码725个氨基酸,基因序列中不含有内含子结构;该基因编码蛋白与白梨精氨酸脱羧酶相似值高达90.14%,系统进化树分析表明PpADC基因与白梨、苹果和湖北海棠等蔷薇科果树ADC基因亲缘关系较近;低温、脱水、盐和乙烯处理能不同程度上调PpADC基因的转录表达水平,表明该基因在桃树应答逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用.     

马铃薯乙醇酸氧化酶StGLO1对模拟水分胁迫的响应

为了解乙醇酸氧化酶在调控植物生长代谢及生物与非生物胁迫过程中发挥的作用。本研究以‘青薯9号’马铃薯为材料克隆乙醇酸氧化酶基因StGLO1,构建过表达载体并转化烟草,观察在干旱胁迫处理下转基因烟草和野生型烟草的长势,并测定了叶片中的游离脯氨酸、CAT、POD的含量以及转基因根茎叶中StGLO1基因的表达量变化,验证过表达StGLO1烟草在干旱胁迫下的响应。结果表明:StGLO1(GenBank登录号XM_006348318.2)基因CDS为1 116 bp,编码371个氨基酸;干旱胁迫下,转StGLO1基因烟草的生长优于野生型,转基因烟草StGLO1基因的表达量在叶片中最高;转基因烟草中的游离脯氨酸、CAT、POD的含量高于野生型,达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。该结果为进一步研究马铃薯干旱胁迫响应机制有一定参考价值,也丰富了马铃薯抗旱育种的基因资源。     

植物抗逆分子机制研究进展

随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,植物抗逆性机制成为当前研究的热点,对植物适应逆境机制的研究从生理水平步入分子水平,研究的目的在于从分子水平上解释植物适应逆境的机制及获得各种抗逆基因,用于作物的抗逆育种。在各种非生物胁迫逆境中,干旱胁迫、盐胁迫、低温胁迫对植物的影响尤为突出。本文就植物在抵御干旱、盐、低温胁迫等三方面的分子机制研究进展作以概述。     

珠眉海棠（Malus zumi Mats）盐应答MzDREBb基因的克隆与功能研究

通过microarray（微列阵芯片）分析,从珠眉海棠盐胁迫cDNA文库中分离得到盐诱导的MzDREBb基因全长cDNA序列,研究苹果属植物DREB转录因子在胁迫中的作用。结果表明：MzDREBb全长1 185bp,开放阅读框共714bp,5′-UTR和3′-UTR的长度分别是121和350bp;MzDREBb编码237个氨基酸,有一个AP2/ERF结构域;系统分类将MzDREBb归入DREB家族的A-5亚组;MzDREBb定位在细胞核中,具有转录激活活性;半定量RT-PCR表明MzDREBb基因受到盐诱导。超表达MzDREBb基因的拟南芥耐盐能力增强。以上结果表明MzDREBb基因在盐胁迫应答中起重要作用。     

天山雪莲PsbO基因的克隆、原核表达及其烟草中的遗传转化

从已建立的天山雪莲抗寒cDNA文库中筛选克隆了雪莲的PsbO基因,发现该基因全长1145bp,编码329个氨基酸。通过构建原核表达载体在大肠杆菌中成功获得表达,同时构建了植物表达载体,转化烟草,并获得了部分转基因植株。     

用mRNA差异显示技术分离盐胁迫下小麦耐盐相关cDNA

目的用mRNA差异显示技术分离小麦盐胁迫应答cDNA,为进一步研究小麦耐盐机理奠定基础。方法将小麦(Triticum aesticum L.)耐盐品系宝丰7228r种子分别置于含NaC l 0‰和12‰的Hoagland培养液中生长,7d后分别取叶片,提取总RNA并分离出其中的mRNA,通过锚锭引物O ligo dT10GC反转录和9个10核苷酸随机引物进行PCR扩增。结果DDRT-PCR结果显示,有4个差异DNA片段只在盐胁迫的小麦耐盐品系基因组中表达,而在对照中没有出现。这4个差异cDNA片段分别命名为ts01(260 bp),ts02(330 bp),ts03(420 bp),ts04(600 bp)。4个差异cD-NA片段的RNA杂交结果显示,只有ts04存在明显差异,在盐胁迫条件下有杂交斑点而在对照中没有杂交斑点,其余3个cDNA片段在盐胁迫和对照中都没有杂交斑点。进一步将ts04克隆并进行DNA序列测定及同源性分析。结论ts04可能是耐盐相关cDNA片段,该片段核酸序列与麦属抗性相关的肌动蛋白基因有23%同源。     

斧翅沙芥蔗糖转运蛋白基因PdSUT4的克隆与表达分析

通过5′和3′cDNA末端快速扩增方法获得PdSUT4基因序列,利用生物信息学软件预测蛋白质理化性质、结构域和亚细胞定位等分子特性,同时用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进行PdSUT4基因表达模式分析.结果表明,从斧翅沙芥克隆得到的PdSUT4基因cDNA全长为2005 bp,开放阅读框1536 bp,编码511氨基酸,相对分子质量为55087.44,等电点为9.26,PdSUT4蛋白含有12个跨膜结构域,具有高等植物蔗糖/H~+共转运家族和协助扩散超家族的保守结构域,与多种植物SUT4基因编码的蛋白有较高的一致性;干旱胁迫下斧翅沙芥PdSUT4基因表达量迅速升高.PdSUT4基因的克隆与表达分析为进一步研究该基因在斧翅沙芥生长发育、逆境生理的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

金发草GDP-D-甘露糖焦磷酸化酶基因的克隆及功能分析

通过RACE-PCR技术克隆得到金发草GMP基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为PpGMPase(GenBank序列号:KF586841).该基因开放阅读框长度为1086bp,编码361个氨基酸,分子式为C1787H2874N474O509S17;DNA序列由4个外显子和3个内含子组成;该基因与玉米、水稻、猕猴桃、烟草、拟南芥、番木薯等植物GMP基因具有较高的同源性,与二穗短柄草亲缘关系最近.采用荧光定量PCR方法对该基因响应非生物胁迫(盐、干旱和冷胁迫)的表达模式进行分析,结果表明:在高盐、干旱及低温胁迫后GMP基因的表达量都有显著性增加,并且其催化产物抗坏血酸含量也随之增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the