含硫天然气再燃还原NO的化学动力学数值研究

为实现含硫天然气在锅炉燃烧及其氮氧化物减排中的应用,从化学反应动力学角度,采用软件CHEMKIN-PRO和Leeds综合机理探究了CH_4/H_2S浓度、过量空气系数和停留时间对含硫天然气还原NO的影响规律。结果表明:随着CH_4浓度的增加,NO的还原率升高;但达到一定数值后,CH4浓度不再是影响NO还原率的主导因素。H_2S浓度增加有利于降低CH_4还原NO的温度,但对NO还原有一定的削弱作用。存在最佳的过量空气系数使CH_4/H_2S还原NO效率最高,NO还原效率曲线呈单峰分布,能够为含硫天然气再燃还原氮氧化物的工业应用提供一定的参考。     

城市生活污水排水管道H2S溢出特性的研究

 为控制城市生活污水排水管道中由厌氧微生物而产生的H₂S所引起的恶臭味,应先对产生恶臭味的H₂S气体进行监测,了解污水排水系统H₂S的产生特性.对学生宿舍区、居民区和餐饮区中3个检查井的H₂S溢出浓度进行现场监测,其结果通过Boltzmann函数的拟合回归分析以及正态分布的P-P图预测,表明城市生活污水排水管道中H₂S的溢出与时间具有较大的相关性,随时间的变化符合二项式时间曲线估计的回归;其溢出浓度近似服从于正态分布;在同一天里,随着流速增加,H₂S浓度越高;不同污水中H₂S的浓度明显不同.这些特性为城市污水排水管道中所产生的H₂S而引起的恶臭味的控制与治理提供依据.     

含H2S天然气井溢流过程动态模拟

考虑H₂S在井筒中的相态变化,建立了含H₂S气井井筒动态溢流模型,同时采用有限差分法对模型进行求解,结合四川某含H₂S天然气井现场数据模拟含H₂S天然气井溢流过程,并将模拟结果与不含H₂S气井进行对比分析。研究结果表明：随着温度和压力的降低,H₂S在上部地层井段发生相变并直接引起气体体积的膨胀。含气率的突增使钻井液池增量迅速增加,且在相同的溢流时间内,关井时刻钻井液池增量增加更明显。含H₂S气井井筒内气体膨胀更迅速,导致环空压力下降更快,环空流型转化更加迅速。此外,井底压力下降更快,关井套压迅速增加,进一步加剧了溢流程度。因此,含H₂S气井井喷预警时间急剧缩短,井控难度和井喷危险大大增加。     

南极Fildes半岛CH4浓度监测

在南极法尔兹半岛(FildesPeninsula)6个环境小区内采集了近地面气体样品,在室内分析了其中223个样品的CH4浓度,得出了这些小区内大气CH₄平均浓度;其中沿海潮间带藻类分布区、企鹅聚集区和人类活动区CH₄浓度显著高于全球CH₄平均浓度及其他无人区,表明这些区域可能是南极地区大气CH₄主要的源;而苔藓、地衣植被区CH₄浓度显著低于内陆冰盖区和全球大气CH4平均浓度,表明苔原植被区可能是南极大气CH₄重要的汇.还分析了苔藓植被区CH₄浓度的夏季变化,在夏季2个多月内该植被区CH₄浓度呈上升趋势;在相同的天气条件下,苔藓与地衣两不同植被区CH₄浓度变化趋势基本相同;但两者土壤CH₄通量存在明显的消长关系.     

不同酸介质对TiO2光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响

 研究了不同酸介质对TiO₂光催化还原低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响,发现在110 W紫外灯3、h照射条件下Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度低于20μg/mL时受空白影响大.通过在无TiO₂光催化剂的空白实验,表明在HCl介质中不用考虑空白带来的影响,而H₂SO₄,HNO₃,CH₃COOH均有不可忽略的影响.     

基于TDLAS技术判定猪肉挥发性盐基氮含量

挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量是猪肉新鲜度检测中的一项重要指标。为了检测猪肉变质过程中挥发出的硫化氢气体(H₂S)浓度,设计了一套基于激光气体检测技术(TDLAS)的气体检测系统,同时利用国标方法测量了相同环境下TVB-N的含量,并探究了新鲜猪肉在25℃,70% 相对湿度(RH)的环境下腐败过程中TVB-N与H₂S气体浓度的变化规律以及两者间的数量关系。结果表明,新鲜猪肉在变质过程中,TVB-N含量和H₂S浓度都逐渐增加,且不同时间点所测得H₂S浓度与TVB-N含量呈直线正相关(p<0.02)。因此,在猪肉变质过程中可以用TDLAS检测H₂S的方法来间接测量TVB-N含量,从而可以快速、无损、精准得到TVB-N含量,提高了肉质检测的效率。     

电子供体在2，4，6-三氯酚和硫酸盐同时降解中的作用

在不少工业废水中,往往同时存在2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）和硫酸盐等污染物。生物还原法是一种有效的方法,能同时去除水中的这些污染物。采用了丙酮酸（C₃H₄O₃）作为外源电子供体还原TCP和硫酸盐。当单独还原TCP或硫酸盐时,它们的还原速率随着C₃H₄O₃加入量的增加而增加。当TCP与硫酸盐共存时,加入相同量的C₃H₄O₃,由于TCP与硫酸盐还原菌对电子的竞争作用,导致它们的还原速率均有所降低。当C₃H₄O₃进一步增加时,这种对电子的竞争情况可以得到缓解。     

SiW11O39Fe(Ⅲ)(H2O)5-的电化学性质及电催化还原过氧化氢

 用循环伏安和交流阻抗等方法详细研究了SiW₁₁O₃₉Fe(Ⅲ)(H₂O)^5- (SiW₁₁Fe)的电化学性质和对H₂O₂ 还原的间接电催化作用,并与PW₁₁O₃₉Fe(Ⅲ)(H₂O)_4- (PW₁₁Fe)进行了比较,同时提出了电催化反应的机理。实验结果表明,与PW₁₁Fe 类似,SiW₁₁Fe在酸性水溶液中也有3对还原氧化伏安响应,分别归属于Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对和W-O骨架的还原氧化反应。但SiW₁₁Fe的3对还原氧化波的峰电位与PW₁₁Fe)相比明显负移,且均受溶液pH的影响。SiW₁₁Fe中Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对传递电子的可逆性比PW₁₁Fe的差,但同样对H₂O₂ 的还原具有明显的电催化作用,并受溶液pH的影响。随着溶液pH的增加,Fe波和W-O骨架波的还原氧化峰电位均负移,Fe波对H₂O₂ 还原的电催化活性降低甚至被完全抑制,相反,第一个W-O骨架波对H₂O₂ 的还原却有明显的电催化作用。     

ANN模型对自热式固定床气化的动态过程预测

在考虑气化炉顶部温度、中部温度、底部温度、空气流速、蒸气流速、反应时间以及生物炭添加量等多参数的情况下,建立自热式固定床气化过程合成气动态神经网络模型,以实现对气化过程中的气体浓度（H₂,CH₄,CO,CO₂)动态过程预测. 采用不同策略实现对网络参数选择与模型结构优化,同时通过嵌入适当数量的随机噪声来避免模型陷入局部最优. 模型对气化过程中H₂浓度变化曲线的预测决定系数（R²）达到0.8646.     

长江三角洲稻田CH4及N2O排放规律的数值模拟

建立了CH₄及N₂O排放数值模式,模式可以正确反映稻田CH₄及N₂O排放特征.数值分析证实了水稻生长期内CH₄及N₂O排放的消长关系,并揭示出CH₄与N₂O年际排放量的正相关关系.气象因子中,生长期平均气温与CH₄和N₂O排放间存在明显正相关.敏感分析表明温度升高后,生长期平均气温与CH₄和N₂O排放量之间的正相关关系将略有加强.反演了苏州地区近百年CH₄及N₂O排放状况,表明近期人类农业生产对温室效应具有巨大增进效应.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that