西施舌稚贝与仿刺参幼参混养的研究

在控制水温25℃下,设置5组壳长(4.83±0.14)mm,质量(0.041±0.004)g的西施舌稚贝,每组249粒,分别混养湿质量(0.524±0.010)g的仿刺参5,10,15,20头,设无刺参的西施舌单养组作为对照.经30d的饲养,各组西施舌成活率均较高,在89%以上.混养西施舌壳长的生长较单养有显著差异(P<0.05),混养组间西施舌壳长差异不显著(P>0.05).H15西施舌壳长增长最多为(9.03±0.21)mm,西施舌的质量生长方面,单养和混养以及混养组间都差异极显著(P<0.01).H15西施舌增重最大为(0.490±0.107)g,混养的刺参成活率为100%,至实验结束,H05和H10组刺参质量呈先增长后下降的趋势;H15则持续增长;H20一直呈现负增长.     

西施舌人工育苗及稚贝培育技术的研究

选择野生 3龄西施舌 ,采取人工育肥、刺激产卵、选优培育、盘架式立体采苗、盘架式立体培育稚贝等技术工艺 ,培育出体长 3 .1～ 7.2mm幼贝 2 0 0 .9× 1 0 4粒 ,平均 3 .5 45× 1 0 4粒 /m2 .2 0 0 0年 9月2 6日 ,在陆上高位池 ,蓄养平均体长 9.8mm ,平均体重 0 .2 g的幼贝 2 0 .6× 1 0 4粒 ,以单细胞藻类为饵料 ,2 0 0 1年 7月 1日培育成功 ,平均体长 3 9.0 5mm ,平均体重 9.87g的 1龄西施舌幼贝 3 .1 0 5× 1 0 4粒 ,成活率为1 5 .0 7% .     

西施舌稚贝对3种微藻选择性及摄食率研究

对西施舌稚贝的摄食率及藻类选择性变化进行研究.结果表明,西施舌稚贝对直径11.2 μm四爿藻具有较高的选择性,而对云霄微型藻和牟氏角毛藻的摄食率均偏低.西施舌稚贝对四爿藻的摄食率在第5 h时达到最高值(174.928×10-5mg·h-1).当西施舌稚贝分别摄食3种藻类时,在适宜的藻类密度范围内,摄食率均随着藻类密度的增大而迅速增加,当藻类密度达到一定值后,摄食率呈下降趋势.西施舌稚贝摄食率与藻类密度之间关系适用二次多项式表示.     

水产养殖水体好氧同时硝化-反硝化脱氮的研究

利用筛选和分离的7株脱氮微生物，在好氧条件下将氨氮转化为亚硝酸氮，随即在好氧反硝化茵的作用下还原为氮气排放．将上述菌株固定在PVA凝胶膜中，研究了水产养殖水体中氨氮、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮在PVA凝胶膜中的扩散性能和转化脱氮过程，结果表明，氨氮、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮在PVA浓度为15％，细胞浓度为40g／L凝胶膜中，扩散系数分别为0．55m^2／s，0．46m^2／s，0．45m^2／s．整个生物脱氮过程历时较短，36h内对200mg／L的氨氮去除率达99％，而且无中间产物亚硝酸氮的积累，固定化微生物生长的适宜pH范围为7～9，最适温度为30℃；与游离的硝化细菌和反硝化细菌相比，固定化硝化茵是游离硝化茵对氨氧化速率的70％，固定化反硝化茵是游离反硝化茵对亚硝酸氮还原速率的74％．经过20d的连续处理，固定化微生物的稳定性远大于游离微生物，28d后，游离微生物在反应器内的浓度几乎为零，而固定化微生物的浓度和活性几乎不变．     

几种常用絮凝剂对饵料微藻的絮凝效应

采用3种常用絮凝剂明矾、氯化铁及甲壳素和3种饵料微藻球等鞭金藻、扁藻及塔胞藻,研究絮凝剂浓缩效应及其对藻细胞的影响.测定了絮凝剂对藻细胞的絮凝速率、形态变化及对双壳贝类西施舌的饵料效果.结果表明:明矾、氯化铁对扁藻及塔胞藻的絮凝速率较快(≤60min),而球等鞭金藻在120min以上才可基本完成沉淀;甲壳素对扁藻、塔胞藻及球等鞭金藻絮凝均不理想;所用絮凝剂质量浓度越大藻细胞絮凝速度越快,但藻细胞越容易形成大藻团,不利于藻细胞的重新培养;综合考虑絮凝用时、絮凝剂质量浓度及对藻细的损伤的影响,对于扁藻、塔胞藻而言,明矾最佳作用质量浓度分别为160,120mg·L-1,氯化铁最佳作用质量浓度均为40mg·L-1;而球等鞭金藻明矾为200mg·L-1,氯化铁为80mg·L-1,絮凝后的藻细胞形态未发生明显形变或破裂;用絮凝后的塔胞藻、球等鞭金藻投喂西施舌幼虫及稚贝,效果与普通藻无明显差异,表明絮凝后的塔胞藻、球等鞭金藻不影响西施舌的幼体生长,可应用于贝类人工育苗.     

枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对罗氏沼虾养殖池塘水质的影响

采用枯草芽孢杆菌制剂,对养殖中后期的罗氏沼虾池塘进行了改善水质的试验。通过测定水体的溶解氧、pH、化学需氧量、氨氮和亚硝酸态氮等水质指标,来评价池塘的水质变化。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对于水体中溶解氧含量和pH值的影响不明显(P>0.05),但能显著降低水体的化学需氧量(P<0.05);使用枯草芽孢杆菌制剂后,氨氮的最大降解率为59.61%,亚硝酸态氮的最大降解率为86.70%,说明它有明显降低水体氨氮和亚硝酸态氮含量的作用(P<0.05)。     

多因子对墨吉明对虾氮磷代谢的影响

对不同条件下的墨吉明对虾氮磷代谢进行了相关实验。实验结果表明:温度、体质量、盐度、p H、摄食状态和光照条件都对墨吉明对虾磷、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮和氨氮代谢影响显著。在20~30℃范围内,随温度升高,墨吉明对虾磷、亚硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率均显著升高;硝酸氮代谢率在25℃条件下最大;磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮代谢率随体质量增加而减慢,氨氮代谢加快;盐度在10~30范围内,随盐度升高,磷、亚硝酸氮代谢率提高,硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率下降;p H在7.5~9.0范围内,随p H值升高,磷代谢水平明显下降,氨氮代谢率显著升高,亚硝酸氮代谢率在p H 8.5时出现最大值(0.451±0.039)μg/(g·h);硝酸氮代谢率在p H 8.0时有最小值(1.364±0.028)μg/(g·h);饱食状态下墨吉明对虾磷、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率相对于饥饿组分别提高了33.85%、68.07%、233.81%、72.22%;正常光照条件下墨吉明对虾磷、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率相对于遮光组分别提高了130.79%、37.58%、120.23%、103.93%。     

官厅水库水体及底泥中硝化功能细菌的群落多样性研究

为了探讨水生生态系统中生物脱氮的硝化功能菌群(氨氮氧化细菌和亚硝酸氮氧化细菌)在水体和底泥样品中群落多样性的差异,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对官厅水库的水体和底泥微生物群落进行了检测.结果表明:不同采样点的水体中进行硝化微生物优势菌群相似,底泥中进行硝化微生物优势菌群也类似,但水层和底泥中的优势硝化菌群相比有明显差异,环境变化导致群落结构发生了演替.多样性分析显示:氨氮氧化细菌在水层和表层底泥样品的多样性水平差异不大,而亚硝酸氮氧化细菌在底泥中的多样性与水层相比明显降低,表明对外界供氧量响应显著.     

一株高效亚硝化芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及脱氮特性研究

从养殖水体底泥中分离到一株对水体氨氮具有良好脱除功能的菌株Y907,在实验室条件下,48h可使水体中的氨氮消解50%以上,72h消解90%以上.经表型观察、生理生化鉴定和16srDNA测序,鉴定菌株Y907为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium).采用密闭生物反应器,以氨氮为唯一氮源,Y907为唯一微生物,进行了脱氮特性研究.结果表明,25℃下培养48h,氨氮质量浓度从85.0mg/L下降为62.185mg/L,总氮从85.0mg/L下降为81.328mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮在水体中有少量积累,菌体浓度随时间延长而升高,密闭容器上层气体中氮气和二氧化碳含量有所升高,氧气含量下降.说明Y907对水体氨氮的脱除有3条途经:一是被微生物利用,转化为菌体蛋白或其他组织成分;二是转化为少量的亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮;三是转化为氮气释放到大气中.     

三角帆蚌对精养鱼塘水体主要水质因子的调控

利用三角帆蚌作为调控水质的生物过滤材料,建立蚌单养与鱼蚌混养的两种生物调控系统并与当地传统的精养鱼塘养殖系统模式作同步比较,分析了三角帆蚌对水体的主要水质因子变化及鱼产量的影响.养殖6个月后,鱼蚌混养生物调控系统水质优良,其中,鱼蚌混养水体中单胞藻总数为340万个/ml,蓝藻与绿藻数量之比（蓝绿比）为1：1.8,DO值为7.5mg/L,氨氮为2.42mg/L,总氮为2.76mg/L,磷酸磷为0.06mg/L,总磷为0.11mg/L,COD为36.0mg/L,悬浮物为30.2mg/L,蚌成活率为75.0%,鱼类成活率为71.0%.蚌单养的水体中单胞藻总数为86万个/mL,蓝绿比为2.1：1,DO值为7.5 mg/L,氨氮为2.00mg/L,总氮为2.14 mg/L,磷酸磷为0.04mg/L,总磷为0.07 mg/L,COD为20.0 mg/L,悬浮物为8.0 mg/L,蚌成活率为85.0%.但其蓝绿比则表现为蓝藻爆发型.作为无蚌对照组的养鱼系统中,水质逐渐恶化,鱼类生长受到抑制,易发生病害,鱼类成活率仅为58.8%.研究结果表明：鱼蚌混养系统可有效地改良水质,提高鱼类的存活率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to