电磁永磁混合结构排斥力的特性

在永磁体上加上螺线管的这种结构称为电磁永磁混合结构,这种结构可以调节部分磁场强度,从而调节所受力的大小。本文对混合结构与单体永磁体之间产生的排斥力分别进行了等效计算法和数值计算法计算,并进行了比较,结果表明等效计算法虽简单、易理解,但它是基于磁路的计算,因此计算误差太大。而数值计算法中的有限单元法虽繁锁,但它是其于有限元件分析,精确可靠。并利用ANSYS分别对混合式和纯电磁铁进行有限元分析,通过对比证明了混合悬浮系统在排斥力方面的优越性。     

一种排斥式磁悬浮平台的磁场设计方法

本文提出了一种排斥式磁悬浮平台的磁场设计方法。本方法选用电磁永磁混合单体,通过优化设计的排列组合方式形成产生排斥力的基底磁阵。由仿真结果可以看到均匀且成周期性的磁场分布。     

核磁共振全直径岩心分析仪磁体的研制

采用核磁共振进行石油岩心分析，可以从一块岩样中得到孔隙度(总孔隙度、有效孔隙度、粘土束缚水孔隙度等)、自由流体指数(可动流体百分数)、孔径分布以及渗透率等多种参数，具有无损检测、一机多参数、一样多参数的显优点．我国油田以陆相沉积油田为主，其主要特点是储层存在严重的非均质性，所以采用核磁共振全直径岩心分析非常有必要性，和核磁共振标准岩心分析同样重要，磁体是核磁共振岩心分析仪的核心部件，这种磁体相对体积较小，有效气隙大，重量轻．在设计磁体时，首先要根据经验初步确定磁体类型和结构尺寸，然后再用有限元方法进行计算，得出准确的尺寸，装配完的磁体通过无源匀场使磁体的均匀度达到要求，磁场的均匀度和FID(free induction decay)信号衰减程度密切相关，FID衰减的越快，说明磁体均匀度越差，磁体经调试完毕后，使用煤油和四氯化碳模拟孔隙介质组成的标准样做FID测试，通过磁体的测试，可知磁体的均匀度、磁场场强的温度稳定性、磁体的总体稳定性良好，完全可以给核磁共振全直径岩心分析仪营造一个合适的匀场环境。     

用直线段电流磁场公式计算水冷磁体磁场

水冷磁体设计,须计算水冷磁体产生的磁场以获得磁体磁场的空间分布,使设计出的磁体满足实验要求.水冷磁体磁场计算在工程上常用的计算方法是椭圆积分法.此方法计算的水冷磁体的磁场均匀度比实际做成的磁体产生的磁场均匀度偏高.原因之一是磁体上的电流路径并不是工程上假设的闭合圆环路径,而是与之等半径的螺旋线状的路径.这是工程理论计算...     

A young massive planet in a star-disk system

There is a general consensus that planets form within disks of dust and gas around newly born stars. Details of their formation process, however, are still a matter of ongoing debate. The timescale of planet formation remains unclear, so the detection of planets around young stars with protoplanetary disks is potentially of great interest. Hitherto, no such planet has been found. Here we report the detection of a planet of mass (9.8+/-3.3)M(Jupiter) around TW Hydrae (TW Hya), a nearby young star with an age of only 8-10 Myr that is surrounded by a well-studied circumstellar disk. It orbits the star with a period of 3.56 days at 0.04 au, inside the inner rim of the disk. This demonstrates that planets can form within 10 Myr, before the disk has been dissipated by stellar winds and radiation.     

Current-induced resonance and mass determination of a single magnetic domain wall

A magnetic domain wall (DW) is a spatially localized change of magnetization configuration in a magnet. This topological object has been predicted to behave at low energy as a composite particle with finite mass. This particle will couple directly with electric currents as well as magnetic fields, and its manipulation using electric currents is of particular interest with regard to the development of high-density magnetic memories. The DW mass sets the ultimate operation speed of these devices, but has yet to be determined experimentally. Here we report the direct observation of the dynamics of a single DW in a ferromagnetic nanowire, which demonstrates that such a topological particle has a very small but finite mass of 6.6 x 10(-23) kg. This measurement was realized by preparing a tunable DW potential in the nanowire, and detecting the resonance motion of the DW induced by an oscillating current. The resonance also allows low-current operation, which is crucial in device applications; a DW displacement of 10 microm was induced by a current density of 10(10) A m(-2).     

盆锥式螺管电磁铁动态特性的数值分析

本文以磁场数值计算为基础,取电压源的盆锥式螺管电磁铁为研究对象,采用多元函数的插值过程,将有限元素法与电磁铁动特性微分方程组的求解相联系,从而提出了一种计算电压源电磁铁动特性的数值计算方法。该方法对于几何参数及导磁体材料不变的电磁铁,只要建立数据网格函数,就可方便地计算不同激磁电压或任意反力函数的电磁铁动特性,大幅度地减少了计算工作量。用本文提出的方法计算了盆锥式螺管电磁铁的动特性,计算数据与实验结果比较一致,文中还对不同负载时的电磁铁进行了动态分析。     

齿谐波励磁的混合励磁永磁同步发电机

将电机中固有的齿谐波磁场在转子绕组中感应的齿谐波电动势应用于混合励磁永磁同步电机的励磁中,不仅可以提高材料的利用率,而且便于实现电机的无刷化。该文分析了齿谐波磁场的产生机理及它在转子绕组中感应齿谐波电动势的情况,在此基础上提出了一种新型的基于齿谐波磁场励磁的混合励磁永磁同步发电机。为了验证齿谐波励磁的混合励磁的可行性,试制了一台齿谐波励磁的混合励磁永磁同步发电机。实验结果表明:齿谐波磁场在转子绕组中感应的齿谐波电动势可以用于实现混合励磁永磁同步电机气隙磁场的调节。     

Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways

In nature, self-assembling and disassembling complexes of proteins and nucleic acids bound to a variety of ligands perform intricate and diverse dynamic functions. In contrast, attempts to rationally encode structure and function into synthetic amino acid and nucleic acid sequences have largely focused on engineering molecules that self-assemble into prescribed target structures, rather than on engineering transient system dynamics. To design systems that perform dynamic functions without human intervention, it is necessary to encode within the biopolymer sequences the reaction pathways by which self-assembly occurs. Nucleic acids show promise as a design medium for engineering dynamic functions, including catalytic hybridization, triggered self-assembly and molecular computation. Here, we program diverse molecular self-assembly and disassembly pathways using a 'reaction graph' abstraction to specify complementarity relationships between modular domains in a versatile DNA hairpin motif. Molecular programs are executed for a variety of dynamic functions: catalytic formation of branched junctions, autocatalytic duplex formation by a cross-catalytic circuit, nucleated dendritic growth of a binary molecular 'tree', and autonomous locomotion of a bipedal walker.     

铁磁质磁滞回线的动态测量

本文介绍了如何利用示波器观察和测量铁磁质的动态磁滞回线、剩磁、矫顽力等．并通过实验说明了铁磁质的磁化特性不仅与材料自身性质有关．还与磁化场的波形及频率有关．     

一种新型混合励磁分段转子开关磁阻电机

分段转子开关磁阻电机磁路短、损耗小,但功率密度低。在该电机的定子槽口增设12块永磁体,构成一种新型12/8极混合励磁分段转子开关磁阻电机。介绍混合励磁分段转子开关磁阻电机的拓扑结构和工作原理,建立电机的数学模型,分析永磁体的工作模式,并用等效磁路法验证其增磁作用。使用有限元法仿真其静态和动态特性,分析永磁体厚度对电机的影响、在不同电流下永磁体转矩与总转矩的占比关系。与传统分段转子开关磁阻电机进行对比,混合励磁分段转子开关磁阻电机的平均转矩提高10.7%,转矩脉动减少11.1%。     

交流永磁同步电机的反馈线性化位置控制

提出了交流永磁同步电机多目标输出跟踪控制的一般方法,利用微分几何中的微分同胚转换,先将永磁同步电机的非线性模型转换为与之反馈等价的线性模型,再采用线性系统中成熟的极点配置的方法对虚拟的电机线性系统进行控制器的设计.该方法实现了转子位置和转子磁链的动态解耦,将多输入多输出强耦合非线性的永磁同步电机系统分解成了两个独立的单输入单输出的子系统.在此基础之上提出了带干扰随动的位置伺服控制器的设计方法,不但实现了位置的动态跟踪控制,而且还能对扰动进行动态跟踪补偿.仿真结果证实了其有效性和优越性.     

基于EKF的永磁同步电机的磁链在线监测

在永磁同步电动机中,永磁同步电动机的性能、效率和稳定性受到永磁体磁性的直接影响．为保证永磁同步电机的高鲁棒性,需要对永磁同步电动机中的永磁体信息进行实时在线监测．本文选择旋转坐标系下的定子电流和永磁体磁链为状态变量,建立一个能够实时提供准确永磁体磁链信息的EKF（扩展卡尔曼滤波器）系统．仿真结果验证了该算法的可用性并表明EKF滤波系统能准确地在线监测出磁链信息．     

软,硬双相永磁体中的静磁作用

从磁性粒子的静磁场出发,分析计算了由软,硬磁性两相粒子随机混合的双相磁体中的静磁作用,计算得出：取向的硬磁粒子施加于磁体中软磁相上的静磁场,在磁化方向上的分量为１个正值,它正比于硬磁相的体积分数及其饱和磁化强度,其作用将提高软磁相的矫顽力。     

用分子电流观点推导磁库仑定律

在已知磁铁之分子电流生于铁外的磁场强度 ,恰好就是它的等效磁荷生于铁外的磁场的基础上 ,证明细长永久磁铁的分子电流所受外磁场的总合力 ,也恰好等于它的等效磁荷所受外磁场作用力 ,推出等效“点磁荷”的库仑定律 ,并揭示了磁极间相互作用的实质     

Magnetic properties and thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with Dy-Ni additive

A sintered(Nd_(0.8)Pr_(0.2))_(30.7)FebalB_(0.98)Cu_(0.2) magnet with 3% intergranular Dy_(85)Ni_(15) additive is prepared to study the magnetic properties and thermal stability of the Nd-Fe-B magnet. The results show that the magnet with or without additive obtains its optimum comprehensive magnetic properties at the sintering temperature of 1 030 ℃ and 1 040 ℃, respectively. The maximum coercivity of the magnet with additive reaches 15.16 k Oe, while that of the magnet without additive is just 11.88 k Oe. Further investigation on microstructure indicates that the grains of the magnet with additive form a modified "core shell" structure. Adding Dy_(85)Ni_(15) can significantly enhance the coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnet and thus decrease its coercivity temperature coefficient.     

永磁电机不平衡磁拉力及脉动转矩相位调谐分析

为了揭示永磁电机的电磁激励规律，根据该电机的机械及电磁对称性，采用叠加方法研究了槽极组合对不平衡磁拉力及脉动转矩的影响，揭示了槽极组合与径向及切向磁拉力之间的刚体相位调谐规律，澄清了现有文献结论之间的分歧．解析结果表明：最大公因子大于1的槽极组合可有效抑制径向磁拉力．有限元仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性．该研究提供了一种可有效预测和抑制磁致振动的相位调谐方法，同时为该类电机的动态设计提供了依据．     

直接冷却超导磁储能磁体加载实验与热分析

阐述了35 kJ高温超导磁储能系统及其实验装置,通过对直接传导冷却超导磁储能磁体进行电流加载实验,对磁体进行了动态热分析.研究表明:在变流器对超导磁储能磁体充放磁储能过程中,磁滞损耗是功率损耗的主要部分,对磁体温升影响最大;减小变流器直流侧频率有利于抑制磁体温升.基于热稳定性分析了导冷结构的优化因素,指出直接冷却导冷结构应强化关键部位(磁体上部)的传热,以减小磁体轴向温差.     

磁场调制型磁齿轮机构转矩特性有限元分析

磁场调制型磁齿轮机构是一种新型磁齿轮装置,在对其基本结构和工作原理进行分析的基础上,利用Ansoft Maxwell软件建立了该机构的有限元模型。通过数值计算,分析了气隙厚度、调磁环厚度、永磁体厚度、磁极对数、轴向长度和偏心距对外转子最大输出转矩和转矩密度的影响规律。结果表明:构件偏心对磁齿轮机构转矩特性及转矩密度影响很小,其它参数对磁齿轮机构的输出转矩及转矩密度均有较大影响。此研究可以为磁齿轮系统参数优化提供依据,同时也为该机构的动态仿真奠定基础。     

The magnetic nature of disk accretion onto black holes

Although disk accretion onto compact objects-white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes-is central to much of high-energy astrophysics, the mechanisms that enable this process have remained observationally difficult to determine. Accretion disks must transfer angular momentum in order for matter to travel radially inward onto the compact object. Internal viscosity from magnetic processes and disk winds can both in principle transfer angular momentum, but hitherto we lacked evidence that either occurs. Here we report that an X-ray-absorbing wind discovered in an observation of the stellar-mass black hole binary GRO J1655 - 40 (ref. 6) must be powered by a magnetic process that can also drive accretion through the disk. Detailed spectral analysis and modelling of the wind shows that it can only be powered by pressure generated by magnetic viscosity internal to the disk or magnetocentrifugal forces. This result demonstrates that disk accretion onto black holes is a fundamentally magnetic process.