制冷背心用于隔绝式防护服中的传热模型研究

采用芯材为石蜡，壁材为密胺树脂，相变温度为35.66℃，相变潜热为158.7J/g的微胶囊相变材料制备制冷背心原理样衣，与隔绝式防护服配套使用，并委托中国人民解放军北京防化研究院生理评价试验中心对制冷背心进行生理评价试验。在室温36℃，相对湿度60%的条件下，测定穿着隔绝式防护服配有制冷背心前后的人体胸温、手温、腿温和肛温等参数随穿着时间的变化关系；结合人体产热，散热经验式与伍德科克人体散热理论建立模型，探讨人体穿着隔绝式防护服配有制冷背心前后人体平均体温随穿着时间的变化关系，并对如何提高人体着装舒适度和延长隔绝式防护服穿着生理时限进行综合分析。结果表明：穿着隔绝式防护服配有制冷背心前后，人体胸温、背温、手温、腿温和肛温明显下降；通过建模计算分析，穿着隔绝式防护服配有制冷背心前后的人体平均体温随穿着时间的变化关系计算值与实验测试结果吻合，变化趋势一致；在相同条件下，穿着配有制冷背心的隔绝式防护服过程中，人体体温较穿着未配有制冷背心的隔绝式防护服有所下降，上升幅度较小。     

汽车乘员舱内温度场的数值仿真及试验研究

建立了自然暴晒下汽车乘员舱内的温度场-流场模型,考虑车身传热、车内空气流动和人体散热的影响,对乘员舱内传热过程进行模拟计算.通过暴晒升温试验和制冷降温试验分析制冷模式关闭和开启2种工况下乘员舱温度动态变化规律.仿真结果表明,在制冷工况下前排的冷却效果比后排好,但垂直方向上局部温度差异较大,人体表面存在较大温差.试验结果与仿真结果较吻合,并发现前、后排的热不均匀性在冷却风作用下有不同程度的改善,在制冷初始阶段(10min内)乘员舱的温度变化较为剧烈,对人体热舒适性影响大.研究成果对优化空调设计和提高汽车的乘员热舒适性有重要意义.     

有限温度下轻介子的质量

研究有限温度下强子质量谱随温度的演化对于深入理解有限温量子色动力学和夸克胶子等离子体的性质至关重要,特别对它们的研究有助于人们确定QCD手征相变的阶和相变温度.线性σ模型是研究零温和有限温强子性质的重要有效场论模型之一,在U（2）×U（2）线性σ模型下,使用有限温场论的实时公式计算了轻介子σ、π、a、η的质量随温度变化的情况.计算结果表明,π、a、η介子的质量随着温度的升高而增加;σ介子的质量随温度的升高而下降.从质量谱上没有看到手征对称性恢复的迹象.     

工业大麻秆芯材料的吸温和散温性能

研究大麻秆芯粉随着外界环境温度的变化,自动地调节本身的吸温和散温速率的性质,并分别考察环境温度、温差、大麻秆芯纤维粉的堆积密度和粒度等对秆芯粉的吸温速率和散温速率的影响.结果表明,吸温和散温速率随着大麻秆芯粉粒度的减小、环境温度和温差的升高而变快.在待测物质本身温度小于35℃时,同等粒度下的大麻秆芯粉较普通木粉吸得快;在大于35℃之后,同等粒度下大麻秆芯粉较普通木粉散得快.通过对400目大麻秆芯粉在环境温度为37℃(吸温)和19℃(散温)的吸温和散温速率随温差变化的曲线,以及在环境温度为2℃(散温)和37℃(吸温)的散温和吸温速率随温差变化的曲线研究,可知大麻秆芯粉具有冬暖夏凉的功效.     

静电场作用下电介质电热效应的热力学机理

以电热效应为基础的固体制冷技术在微电子器件散热等方面有重要的应用.文中将极化能引入热力学基本微分方程,导出了静电场作用下系统的热容、温度、熵和热流量等随外场变化的计算公式,并选用钛酸钡的实验数据验证热力学理论公式,发现这些热力学理论计算式与文献资料提供的实验结果相符.研究表明,电偶极矩随外界温度发生变化是产生电热效应的基础,且介电常数的温度变化率越大,电热效应越明显,因此巨电热效应的研究方向应该是寻找介电常数随温度的剧烈变化区域.     

一种电子散热用小型涡流管性能的试验研究

提出了一种应用于小功率电子散热的小型涡流管,设计建立了涡流管性能试验装置系统。针对进气压力P0、冷气流率μ对其冷却性能的影响进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,在P0=0．3—0．6MPa,μ=0．27—0．72范围内,涡流管的制冷效应及制冷量随P0的增大而增大,而制冷效率随P0的增大而减小;制冷效应、制冷量和制冷效率都随μ的变化而变化,且在μ为0—1的范围内都有极大值。     

跳高起跳阶段摆动腿技术的三维运动学分析--以中国优秀男运动员为例

在背越式跳高的起跳阶段中,由于摆动腿的质量大,摆动半径长,其动作速度与幅度对起跳阶段起着重要的作用．采用三维运动学分析方法研究摆动腿在起跳过程中的摆动技术,旨在找出中国优秀男子背越式跳高运动员摆动腿在起跳过程中的运动学参数、变化特点及其对起跳效果的影响,为进一步完善起跳技术理论、指导运动训练和教学提供理论依据．     

人体降温装置的研制

在高温环境下,人的生理功能尤其是体温调节、水盐代谢、血液循环等功能都会出现异常改变。如果温度超出人体承受范围,并且没有采取有效的控制措施,在这种高温环境下,对人的身体健康和正常工作都造成巨大的影响,严重的甚至导致猝死。而如何在没有空调或者其它制冷设备的条件下,利用人体降温装置降低温度,成为了各国科研人员都在研制的焦点。本文主要通过对循环式人体降温装置和新型的人体降温系统—液冷式降温背心这两种人体降温装置进行介绍,阐释它们的基本原理和方法,并进行总结,突出它们的特点。     

热浪对小鼠体温的影响及四氢生物蝶呤的保护作用

通过给予小鼠热浪刺激,检测热浪过程前后健康小鼠与ApoE小鼠血浆ET-1、NO及体温的变化。探讨热浪对小鼠体温的影响及BH4在热浪过程中对小鼠的保护机理。利用气象环境模拟箱模拟一次南京市2001年7月的热浪过程,将雄性健康、ApoE小鼠各18只分为对照组,热浪组,热浪BH4组,并将2实验组放入气候箱,每日测量小鼠体重、肛温,并于模拟结束后,检测血管ET-1和NO的含量。结果是热浪刺激使得小鼠体温升高(P<0.01),NO水平上升(P<0.01);ApoE小鼠的体温普遍略高于健康小鼠,NO水平更低(P<0.01),体温上升更加明显(P<0.01)。BH4组小鼠体温变化较对照组没有统计学意义(P>0.05),而血浆NO水平高于未给予BH4的热浪组小鼠。说明热浪刺激使得小鼠NO/ET-1平衡偏向于血管扩张因素,体温上升。ApoE小鼠更易受到热浪的影响,是高温热浪易致冠心病人中暑的可能机理之一。BH4可增加机体散热效率,保护小鼠不易受到热浪影响,对ApoE小鼠的作用尤为显著。     

钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(0.775)Eu_(0.025)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3的磁性和磁卡效应

采用传统的固相反应法制备了多晶样品La_(0.775)Eu_(0.025)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3,通过测量样品的XRD谱线、磁化强度随温度的变化曲线(M-T)、等温磁化曲线(M-H),重点研究了样品的的磁性和磁卡效应.研究发现:样品的晶体结构为立方钙钛矿结构,其空间群为Pbnm.该样品在15-340 K温区内表现为铁磁特征,340-364 K温区内表现出类Griffiths相特征,364-400 K温区内表现出顺磁特征.临界行为分析表明该样品与平均场模型拟合较好.样品在居里温度T_c=290 K附近,系统发生二级相变,在7 T外场下,样品的最大等温磁熵变值为2.60 J/(kg·K),磁制冷功率为439.40 J/kg,因此,该材料具有室温下实现磁制冷的潜能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that