氯化汞对小白鼠卵巢损伤的显微镜及超微结构研究

对氯化汞染毒小白鼠卵巢进行了显微和超微结构研究。结果表明,氯化汞对小白鼠卵巢发育有明显的毒性作用,主要表现出卵巢内发育的卵泡（原始卵泡、生长卵泡、成熟卵泡）数量随剂量的增高依次性减少,而闭锁卵泡的数量则相反,为依次性增高。超微结构显示,从中剂量组开始,卵照相结构表现出病理学变化,主要表现为卵细胞核膜皱缩,染色质凝聚,胞质内线粒体肿胀、变形,外膜和内嵴受损,次级溶酶体及残余小体增多等现象。     

姬菇多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠的肝组织超微结构的影响

目的:研究以热水浸提法从姬菇中提取的姬菇多糖(PCNP)对酒精所致的急性损伤小鼠肝组织超微结构的影响.方法:84只小鼠被随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(150 mg/kg.bw)、多糖各剂量组((100、200、400)mg/kg.bw).连续灌胃30 d后,给予浓度为50%的乙醇溶液,建立动物急性肝损伤模型.12 h后,小鼠脱臼处死,取肝脏制成超薄切片,电镜观察肝组织超微结构的变化.结果:模型组细胞核的核膜不规则、呈锯齿状,线粒体畸形、嵴不清楚、糖原增多、出现空泡,内质网扩张、其膜上附着的核糖体脱失,细胞核周围脂滴数明显增多、胆管微绒毛脱失;姬菇多糖组肝细胞核膜凹凸不平,线粒体肿胀、线粒体内糖原沉积较少,内质网扩张不明显,细胞内脂滴减少.结论:姬菇多糖对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的肝细胞具有保护作用.     

针刺对缺血再灌心肌超微结构损伤的保护作用

家兔经戊巴比妥钠麻醉,开胸结扎冠脉左室支20min松结再灌5min后,缺血区心肌细胞超微结构呈现明显损伤:细胞水肿、线粒体嵴结构破坏基质中甚至出现无定形致密小体、肌原纤维排列紊乱乃至挛缩或断裂、细胞核染色质凝聚、细胞质糖元颗粒减少或消失等。心内膜下层细胞超微结构损伤程度较心外膜下层严重。缺血和再灌期于“内关”相应部位施加电针治疗的动物,其心肌细胞超微结构损伤明显减轻,表现为不出现细胞水肿或程度较轻、正常线粒体增多、肌原纤维挛缩或断裂减少,细胞核染色质解聚等。由于心外膜下层缺血区超微结构损伤较轻,电针的这种保护作用更为明显。     

荔枝雌花发育过程中花药败育的超微结构观察

应用扫描电镜、透射电镜和DAPI荧光染色方法对荔枝雌花发育过程中花药败育进行了研究,结果发现:败育的花药在减数分裂之前其药壁细胞即开始解体,减数分裂后,药壁组织发生细胞程序性死亡,导致对营养物质竞争力的减弱;发生凋亡的细胞,细胞核染色质固缩,其电子密度高于正常,核仁消失,染色质趋边化的双层核膜降解,有的核变形而凹陷,核膜破裂,在核膜破裂处可见到由核物质组成的凋亡小体.正在凋亡的细胞中,几乎都可观察到细胞核周围有许多线粒体,一些线粒体变形拉长,嵴肿胀,有的线粒体发生缢缩,线粒体膜降解而变得模糊,有的已破裂.表明线粒体与细胞凋亡可能有直接的关系.     

圆口铜鱼早期卵母细胞发生的超微结构

用透射电镜观察了圆口铜鱼早期卵母细胞超微结构,发现:第1时相,卵原细胞呈圆形,细胞核较大,核仁1个,由纤维中心、致密纤维组分、颗粒组分组成;核内异染色质少,常染色质多;细胞质中有1~2个核仁样体,线粒体数量少,其基质电子密度低,嵴不发达.第2时相,卵母细胞体积增大,核仁数目增多,形态上出现大小区别.早期细胞质中核仁样体增多,靠近核膜,不被线粒体包围;光面内质网较多,糖原颗粒均匀分布;线粒体出现聚集现象;中期线粒体包围核仁样体.晚期核仁样体由大变小,逐渐消失,细胞膜边缘开始形成胞质突起.第3时相,早期卵母细胞的细胞质形成大量突起,且越来越明显;中期放射带开始形成,滤泡细胞出现颗粒细胞和鞘膜细胞的分化,两种细胞的超微结构有显著差异;晚期卵母细胞周围胶原纤维发达,呈束状,鞘膜细胞扁平状,卵母细胞质中有丰富的细胞器.讨论了圆口铜鱼早期卵子发生的特点,并与铜鱼的卵子发生做了比较.     

骤冷与饥饿对小鼠肝脏影响的超微结构变化

目的:探讨骤冷与饥饿对小鼠肝脏的影响.方法:用透射电镜的方法研究饥饿及饥饿与骤冷时动物肝脏的影响.结果:饥饿小鼠肝细胞内糖原颗粒明显减少,线粒体电子密度较低.少数线粒体出现嵴断裂.空泡样变.饥饿后骤冷小鼠肝细胞内糖原颗粒完全消失.线粒体数目减少.电子密度明显降低,出现肿胀.空泡样变;枯否氏细胞增生.溶酶体增多.结论:骤冷与饥饿可导致肝脏功能不同程度的损害.     

芦柑子叶细胞脱分化及其线粒体变化

用光镜和电镜观察芦柑子叶在脱分过程中的变化，结果表明，外植体脱分化由接触培养基切口处先启动，未培养的子叶薄壁细胞内充满足脂贮藏物，在脱分化过程中，贮藏物质逐渐减少直到消失，细胞核相对体积增加并常出现核膜内陷和核仁小泡，多聚核糖体与粗面内质网增加，线粒体在数量，形态，分布嵴的发达程序上随着细胞的脱分化进程发生规律性变化。     

三唑磷蓄积对日本(虫寻)4种组织超微结构的影响

首先根据急性毒性试验确定了三唑磷对日本?的安全浓度为 0.27 mg/L,然后采用透射电镜技术研究了该浓度下三唑磷蓄积对日本(虫寻)4种组织细胞(肌肉、鳃、肝胰脏和心脏)超微结构的影响.结果表明 :三唑磷对肌肉损伤的主要靶部位是线粒体和肌原纤维,表现为线粒体内嵴肿胀、空泡化,线粒体溶解,肌原纤维断裂,明暗带不清楚;鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿,细胞器溶解,角质层变薄,线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体,细胞核不规则,核膜肿胀突起;肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少、线粒体水肿解体、内质网扩张、脂肪滴增加;心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解,肌原纤维不规则,细胞核膜肿胀、突起,内质网溶解.鳃和肝胰脏中的变化要比肌肉和心脏明显.     

三唑磷蓄积对日本是4种组织超微结构的影响

首先根据急性毒性试验确定了三唑磷对日本?的安全浓度为 0.27 mg/L,然后采用透射电镜技术研究了该浓度下三唑磷蓄积对日本(虫寻)4种组织细胞(肌肉、鳃、肝胰脏和心脏)超微结构的影响.结果表明 三唑磷对肌肉损伤的主要靶部位是线粒体和肌原纤维,表现为线粒体内嵴肿胀、空泡化,线粒体溶解,肌原纤维断裂,明暗带不清楚;鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿,细胞器溶解,角质层变薄,线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体,细胞核不规则,核膜肿胀突起;肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少、线粒体水肿解体、内质网扩张、脂肪滴增加;心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解,肌原纤维不规则,细胞核膜肿胀、突起,内质网溶解.鳃和肝胰脏中的变化要比肌肉和心脏明显.     

PTPa基因敲除对小鼠海马CA1区突触可塑性的影响

通过PTPa基因敲除(knock out)小鼠来研究海马突触可塑性的变化,在海马schaffer collateral-CA1通路中采用场电位记录的方法研究发现,与Wild Type相比较,基因敲除小鼠的Long Term Potentiation(LTP)增强而Long Term Depression(LTD)受到抑制,去增强效应消失,θ频率诱导的LTP增强,但是其基本的突触传递性质并没有发生变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has