油田采出水电渗析脱盐预处理的超滤实验

采用截留相对分子质量为10×104的聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜组件,对大庆油田采出水电渗析脱盐进行预处理.实验结果表明,超滤适宜的膜面流速是3.0～3.5 m/s,跨膜压差0.30～0.35 MPa,工作温度35～40℃.超滤能降低浊度达95%,对油及悬浮物的去除率超过90%.超滤能满足电渗析预处理的要求.     

吸附预处理对缓解超滤膜污染的试验研究

以鄱阳湖原水为研究对象,考察了PAC吸附预处理对超滤膜处理出水的水质、膜通量变化和膜截留性能的影响,并探讨了不同条件下引起膜污染的污染物种类。结果表明,吸附预处理可以提高膜通量,缓解膜污染,处理后的原水中TOC的去除率大约为40%,提高了吸附-超滤组合工艺对有机物的去除效果。当增加吸附预处理,膜通量下降幅度明显减小,相比鄱阳湖原水直接进行超滤处理时的膜通量,能提升20%以上。在最佳吸附预处理条件下,超滤膜主要截留了鄱阳湖原水中的色氨酸、溶解性微生物产物和一部分腐殖酸,说明类蛋白质是引起膜通量下降的主要污染物。因此,采用吸附-超滤组合工艺可以提高超滤膜过水通量,缓解膜污染。     

超滤-纳滤双膜工艺深度净化饮用水效能试验研究

采用超滤-纳滤(UF-NF)双膜工艺对给水厂滤后水进行深度净化,研究UF-NF双膜工艺对水中各种污染物的去除效果。研究结果表明:UF-NF双膜工艺对各项指标均有很好的去除效果,超滤预处理能充分保证纳滤膜的稳定运行;UF-NF双膜工艺对常见微量有机污染物苯和苯乙烯的去除率分别为98.73%~99.07%和99.58%~99.75%,出水平均值分别为3.060μg/L和1.792μg/L;对常见重金属锌和镉的去除率分别为99.22%~99.34%和99.16%~99.34%,出水平均值分别为0.025 mg/L和0.201μg/L。UF-NF双膜工艺出水中常量污染物、微量有机物、重金属等指标均远低于GB 5749—2006"生活饮用水卫生标准"的限值,饮用水品质得到显著改善,能全面提高和保证居民生活饮用水的安全性。     

处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的膜的污染控制与清洗研究

用膜法处理垃圾渗滤液，对膜的污染控制与清洗的研究表明：超滤预处理、调节pH值、冲洗、添加阻垢荆等方法都能够在一定程度上减轻无机纳滤膜的污染状况。其中，超滤预处理和调节pH值的影响大于冲洗和添加阻垢剂的影响。常温下，采用水洗十酸洗＋碱洗＋酸洗的综合化学清洗方法能使超滤膜通量恢复到新膜通量的97．8％；采用水洗＋酸洗＋酸洗的方法能使纳滤膜通量恢复到新膜通量的98．5％，并有良好的重复性。     

混凝-超滤处理低温低浊受污染水试验研究

以某市江水为研究对象,考察混凝-超滤组合工艺处理低温低浊受污染水的效果,比较不同混凝预处理形式对超滤膜膜通量的影响以及膜滤出水水质的变化.结果表明,混凝预处理可以减缓膜污染,改善膜通量,可将出水的浊度控制在0.2 ntu以下,提高了组合工艺对有机物的去除效果.当混凝剂投加量为30 mg/L时,混凝-超滤组合工艺对UV254和DOC的总去除率分别达到56.5%和39.0%.混凝后直接膜滤对超滤膜膜通量的影响最小,在60 m in内通量下降了11.5%,对UV254和DOC去除率效果最好,平均去除率为37.5%和32.9%.因此采用在线混凝-UF组合工艺可以更明显地改善低温低浊水的处理效果.     

南美白对虾养殖海水陶瓷膜超滤和絮凝超滤研究

以渤海黄骅地区南美白对虾养殖用海水为研究对象,通过陶瓷膜超滤和絮凝超滤处理研究,摸索出陶瓷膜超滤养殖用海水工艺条件.①对于普通汪子砂滤海水(TOC=18.55～20.05 mg/L),保持膜通量134 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1)时超滤,20 min恒流运行,跨膜压差0.04～0.062 MPa;当膜通量保持223 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),跨膜压差0.10～0.12 MPa,12 s反洗可以恢复膜通量.经陶瓷膜超滤后TOC去除率47.16%,UV254去除率1.10%,弧菌去除率100%.②对于有机物丰富汪子砂滤海水(TOC=55.0～59.16 mg/L),超滤处理时,保持膜通量31 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),10 min恒流运行,跨膜压差从0.14 MPa迅速升至0.20～0.21 MPa.经陶瓷膜超滤后TOC去除率74.49%,UV254去除率32.80%,弧菌去除率100%.③有机物丰富汪子砂滤海水,通过PAC絮凝预处理,PAC添加量45 mg/L,搅拌絮凝时间20 min.保持膜通量105 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),20 min恒流量运行、12 s反洗,跨膜压差0.05～0.056 MPa;保持膜通量200 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),跨膜压差0.11～0.13 MPa.絮凝预处理有效减缓膜污染和提高了膜通量.     

超滤技术在反渗透海水淡化预处理中的应用

该文介绍了超滤技术,分析了超滤技术应用于海水淡化预处理的技术优势,考察了超滤系统在反渗透海水淡化预处理工程中的运行情况.实验采用50 ku和10 ku聚砜中空纤维膜组件,讨论了超滤膜孔径、操作压力、过滤时间对预处理出水浊度、COD(Cr)和膜过滤通量的影响,分析了超滤系统出水污染指数(SDI)随时间的变化情况.     

粉末活性炭-超滤膜工艺净化松花江水

为了研究超滤(UF)技术对地表水的处理效果,建造了一座120吨/天的中试规模的膜处理水厂.以松花江水为水源,用粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附作为超滤的预处理工艺,组成了PAC-UF系统.结果表明:PAC-UF工艺的出水浊度在0.15NTU左右,而且不受进水浊度的影响;原水不经过PAC吸附直接超滤时,膜出水有机物浓度和膜进水有机物浓度存在线性关系;UF对UV254的平均去除率在10%左右,对溶解性有机碳(DOC)的平均去除率在8%左右;加入PAC吸附后对有机物的去除有明显提高.     

活性炭联合陶瓷膜超滤纯化香菇多糖

为了改善香菇多糖精制工艺及降低生产成本,以45%香菇多糖粗品为原料,利用陶瓷膜超滤对其进行纯化精制。结果表明,4.5mg/mL的香菇多糖粗品溶液用1%活性炭作预处理,超滤温度为40℃,超滤压力为0.2MPa,膜面流速为4.5m/s时纯化效果最优。蛋白质的脱除率可达81%,多糖粗品脱色率达90.9%,精制得香菇多糖的纯度为89.7%,回收率77.6%。     

发酵牛骨粉中小分子胶原多肽的超滤分离

应用超滤技术对发酵牛骨粉多肽进行分离,研究了超滤系统几个主要参数对膜通量的影响。确定了以下各超滤膜最佳的操作工艺参数。截留分子量(MWCO)10 kDa:多肽浓度为30 g/L、压力0.20~0.22 MPa、最佳料液温度30~35℃、pH值控制在6.0~7.0、运行周期为50 m in,膜透过速率为1.24 mL/m in;MWCO 6 kDa和4 kDa:多肽浓度为40 g/L、压力为0.20~0.22 MPa、温度低于45℃、自然pH值,运行周期为60 m in,膜透过速率为1.44 mL/m in和1.18 mL/m in;MWCO 2 kDa:多肽浓度为30 g/L、压力0.20~0.22 MPa、温度低于45℃、自然pH值,运行周期为50 m in,膜透过速率为1.01 mL/m in。超滤分离后分子量(MW)大于10 kDa和小于2 kDa的胶原多肽所占比例较多,分别为34.45%和33.94%。针对MWCO 10 kDa膜研究表明:随着超滤体积不断增加,膜透过速率不断下降;同时发酵液的水解度与总蛋白和总肽的透过率成正相关关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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