水稻马协细胞质雄性不育及其保持系线粒体体外热分析

以新选育出的水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ及其相应保持系协青早为材料,分别从它们黄化苗中提取线粒体。一方面于体外测定线粒体能量代谢谱,进行热化学分析,得到一系列热力学参数和动力学参数,建立起反映线粒体体外能量代谢模式的热动力学方程,通过对不育系和保持系的比较发现,不育系线粒体在能量释放大小,代谢时间,能量代谢阶段的复杂性上明显低于保持系,从而得出不育系线粒本能量代谢水平低,造成供能匮乏从而导致不育;同     

热分析法研究马协水稻花药的发育及败育过程

用热分析法研究了花粉不同育期马协保持系与不育系水稻花药的热分解过程，获得了花粉不同育期马协保持系与不育系水稻花药的ＴＧ／ＤＴＡ曲线初步探讨了马协水稻花药的热分解规律及发育过程中花药干物质含量与发育期的关系，计算了马协保持系水稻花药发育的表观动力学参数，建立了相应的动力学经验式，并讨论了马协不育系水稻花药的败育过程。     

普通小麦热激处理后育性变化和A、T型CMS品系不育机理的初探

用普通小麦的不育系和保持系为材料,经高温处理以后,提取其线粒体多肽和可溶性蛋白做SDS-PAGE分析,发现不育系与保持系在热激后其线粒体多肽的电泳图谱均有相互趋同的现象.育性不稳定的A型繁91小麦雄性不育系在热激后有明显的可育度提高现象.育性稳定的T型细胞质雄性不育(Cytoplasmic MaleSterility,CMS)品系及其保持系经短时间热激后没有明显育性变化.由未经热激处理的对照电泳分析可见,A型不育系、T型CMS品系花粉发育到单核期向双核期转变时,其线粒体多肽较其相应保持系明显减少,表明到此时期不育系细胞的线粒体结构与功能已明显丧失.     

普通小麦热激处理后育性变化和A、T型CMS品系不育机理的初探

用普通小麦的不育系和保持系为材料,经高温处理以后,提取其线粒体多肽和可溶性蛋白做SDS-PAGE分析,发现不育系与保持系在热激后其线粒体多肽的电泳图谱均有相互趋同的现象.育性不稳定的A型繁91小麦雄性不育系在热激后有明显的可育度提高现象.育性稳定的T型细胞质雄性不育(CytoplasmicMaleSterility,CMS)品系及其保持系经短时间热激后没有明显育性变化.由未经热激处理的对照电泳分析可见,A型不育系、T型CMS品系花粉发育到单核期向双核期转变时,其线粒体多肽较其相应保持系明显减少,表明到此时期不育系细胞的线粒体结构与功能已明显丧失.     

普通小麦T型CMS保持系mtDNA基因文库的构建

研究证明，小麦细胞质雄性不育（CytoplasmicMaleSterile，CMS）与mtDNA有密切的关系．因此，构建保持系线粒体DNA的基因文库应该有助于发现“育性”基因，进一步研究细胞质雄性不育的不育机理及创建工程恢复系，推进小麦杂种优势利用的进程．本文以普通小麦（T．aestivum）T型CMS细胞质雄性不育系75－3369A及其保持系75－3369B为材料，构建了保持系线粒体DNA基因文库，并应用保持系线粒体基因文库的部分重组子转化相应不育系，探讨保持系线粒体DNA与育性恢复的关系．线粒体DNA提取于75－3369B的黄化苗，经测定纯度适合于构建基…     

水稻细胞质雄性不育系小孢子发育过程中的同工酶分析

以新选育出的籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ有其相应保持系马协Ｂ为材料,分别取不育系和保持系处于花粉母细胞形成期、减数分裂４分体时期、单核期、２核期、３核期的花药进行过氧化物酶同工酶、细胞色素氧化酶同工酶电泳分析及酶活性测定分析。不育系与相应保持系比较发现,不育系过氧化物酶同工酶电泳酶谱带型丰富,酶活性较高;细胞色素氧化酶同工酶电泳酶电泳酶谱带型较小,酶活性较低。这现象是从单核期花药开始表现,并随发     

普通小麦热激处理后育性变化和A,T型CMS品？…

用普通小麦的不育系和保持系为材料,经高温处理以后,提取其线粒体多肽和可溶性蛋白做ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,发现不育系与保持系在热激后其线粒体多肽的电泳图谱均有相互趋同的现象。     

马协细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体能量释放特征

测定了马协细胞质雄性不育系马其保持系水稻线粒体能量释放热谱和ＤＳＣ曲线,探讨了它们在恒温和变温条件下能量释放规律和特性。结果表明马协细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体在其能量释放过程中放热量较大,能垒较高且机制较为复杂,故其能量释放速率则较其可育系小。     

水稻线粒体atp6基因的克隆及其结构分析

以玉米线粒体ａｔｐ６基因为探针所作的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂文结果显示，水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育系与其保持系（珍汕９７Ａ，Ｂ）的ａｔｐ６基因存在结构上的差异。不育系只有一个ａｔｐ６基因拷贝，而相应的保持系却有两个拷贝．从保持系线粒体ＤＮＡ的Ｌａｍｄａ ＥＭＢＬ３基因文库中筛选出了以上两个ａｔｐ６基因克隆，并根据制作的物理图谱将它们分别定位在２．７５ｋｂ的ＰｓｔＩ／ＰｖｕⅡ和１．６３ｋｂ的Ｓａｌ／ＥｃｏＲ     

罗卜（Raphanus sativus L．）雄性不育系小孢子发生中的酶细胞化学初探

采用酶细胞化学技术探讨了萝卜雄性不育系６４Ａ小孢子发生不同阶段中琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）的定位及其活性的变化情况．结果表明ＳＤＨ活性反应物主要分布于线粒体的内膜和嵴．保持系６４Ｂ小孢子发生过程中，线粒体的ＳＤＨ反应一直存在，随着小孢子发育其活性还有所增强．在不育系中，单核早期小孢子的线粒体ＳＤＨ活性较明显；单核晚期时小孢子内线粒体减少，其ＳＤＨ活性也渐弱．以后，小孢子的发育受阻，以致相当于二胞花粉时期的不育系花药内已无花粉．     

Discovery of mitochondrial chimeric-gene associated with cytoplasmic male sterility of HL-rice

The mitochondrial genome libraries of HL-type sterile line (A) and maintainer line (B) have been constructed. Mitochondrial gene, atp6 , was used to screen libraries, due to the different Southern and Northern blot results between sterile and maintainer line. Sequencing analysis of positive clones proved that there were two copies of atp6 gene in sterile line and only one in maintainer line. One copy of atp6in sterile line was same to that in maintainer line; the other showed different flanking sequence from the 49th nucleotide downstream of the termination codon of atp6 gene. A new chimeric gene, orfH79 , was found in the region. orfH79 had homology to mitochondrial gene coxⅡ and orfH79, and was special to HL-sterile cytoplasm.     

小麦AL型胞质不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析

采用AL型细胞质雄性不育系AL18A及保持系18B和恢复系99AR144-1配置杂交组合,利用得到的F1、F2世代以及测交群体aBC1、bBC1和cBC1,对小麦AL型胞质不育系育性恢复基因的遗传行为进行了分析.结果表明,99AR144-1对AL18A的育性由2对主效核基因控制,F2代育性分离表现为15∶1,2对基因具重叠累加遗传效应;bBC1群体分离偏离3∶1.由此初步认为,AL型细胞质背景可能影响恢复基因通过雌配子正常传递.     

小粒野生稻型细胞质雄性不育系的创建及其恢保关系鉴定

小野1A是由小粒野生稻(Oryza minuta Presl.)中天然不育株与Y58S/内香B杂种后代优秀单株经多代回交转育而成。由于该雄性不育细胞质来自小粒野生稻,称为XY型雄性不育细胞质。恢保关系鉴定结果表明,XY型细胞质雄性不育系与野败型(WA)、印尼水田谷型(ID)、K型和红莲型(HL)细胞质雄性不育系的恢保关系不同,WA型、ID型、K型和HL型的保持系和恢复系中部分可以作为XY型雄性不育细胞质的保持系,部分可以作为XY型雄性不育细胞质的恢复系。XY型雄性不育细胞质突破了WA型、ID型、K型和HL型等雄性不育细胞质的恢保关系,扩大了保持系育种范围,可以用品质优良的栽培品种培育出高标准优质米不育系。由此可见,XY型雄性不育细胞质的发掘,不仅丰富了杂交稻细胞质遗传多样性,而且为培育高标准优质米不育系、进而实质性提高杂交稻稻米品质开辟了一条崭新的育种途径。     

红莲型水稻不育系与保持系线粒体DNA酶切分析

为研究红莲型水稻细胞质雄性不育的分子基础，我们提取纯化了红莲型水稻丛广４１Ａ和丛广４１Ｂ的线粒体ＤＮＡ，采用限制性内切酶酶切片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）方法比较了红莲型不育系和保持系线粒体ＤＮＡ酶切图谱，发现两者之间存在一定的差异，部分支持了细胞质雄性不育与线粒体ＤＮＡ有关的结论。     

Studies of the energy release of mitochondria from sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile rice by differential scanning calorimetry

The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) curves of the mitochondria isolated from two varieties of sporophyte cytoplasmic male sterile and their fertile lines of Yie Bai and Ma Xie type rice have been determined. The curves show that the energy is released continuously as temperature rise to 70°C. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the energy release of the mitochondria have been obtained. The presented results showed that the mitochondria from cytoplasmic male sterile rice released more heat and they had higher energy barrier, less rate, and more complicated mechanism than that of their fertile lines in the energy release process. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Biography: Zhou Pei-jiang (1956-), male, PhD, Associate professor. Current resarch interest is in biophysical chemistry and environmental ecological chemistry     

Breeding double low super hybrids with dominant genic male sterility three lines in Brassica napus

A double low homozygous two-type sterile line ZY-2AB, its near-isogenic temporary maintainer line ZY-4, and the full sterile line ZY-3 derived from the cross of ZY-2A with ZY-4, were developed to breed three-line dominant GMS hybrid in Brassica napus. Three years data showed that the ratios of sterile and fertile plants fit the expected 1 ： 1 ratio in ZY-2AB, and the 1：0 ratio in ZY-3, respectively. Some double low super hybrid combinations were screened out when the full sterile line ZY-3 was used as female parent, among which the combination 01Z24 increased 36.88 percent more yield than control and the conbination 98Z131 has been passed through the Sichuan Provincial Regional Test and registered in Sichuan Province. Two years data showed that the agronomic performance of the two-line hybrids derived from crosses of ZY-2A with restorer lines versus that of the three-line hybrids produced by ZY-3 was not different for any of the nine most important agronomic characteristics, revealing that near-isogenic line of homozygous two-type line was used as temporary maintainer could effectively avoid the disadvantage of threeway cross hybrid in breeding three-line dominant GMS hybrid.     

杂交稻及其三系叶片衰老过程中叶绿体的变化

研究了杂交稻及其三系叶片衰老过程中叶绿体数量和结构的变化。     

长链脂肪酸体系固—液相变动力学参数的求解

用Kinssinger和Ozawa法处理长链脂肪酸体系固－液相变的DSC数据,估算出其相变反应的动力学参数,两种动力学计算结果均显示,长链脂肪酸固－液相变的表观活化能与（平均）分子量有关。