酸性媒介黄GG与[Coen2（OH）（OH）2）]^2＋的取代反应动力学…

用分光光度法研究ｃｉｓ－［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）（ＯＨ２）］（ＣｌＯ４）２（ｅｎ为乙二胺）与酸性媒介黄ＧＧ染料（２－羧基－５－［（４－苯磺酸基）偶氮基］苯甲酸）的取代反应动力学。用ｐＨ电位滴定法测定了［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）２］＾＋、［Ｃｏｅｎ２（ＯＨ）（ＯＨ２）］＾２＋６０℃时的加质子反应平衡常数。用分光光度法测得６０℃时染料的酸解离常数。６０℃，离子强度为０．１ｍｏｌ／ｋｇ ＮａＣｌＯ４时，各络合质点     

2—芳基乙烯基苯并恶唑的催化合成和紫外光谱的取代基效应

在ＫＦ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载型固体大催化下，２－甲基苯并恶唑和芳香醛发生缩合反应，高产率地合成了２－芳基乙烯基苯并恶唑，测定了产物在１５种溶剂中的紫外光谱，其最大吸收频率与Ｈａｍｍｅｒｔｔ取代基常数之间存在良好的线性关系。     

N－（β－叠氮乙基）－2，4，6－三硝基苯胺的合成

以２，４，６－三硝基氯苯（苦基氯）或２，４，６－三硝基苯甲硝胺（特屈儿）为基质，通过亲核取代反应，用三种方法合成了Ｎ－（β－叠氯乙基）－２，４，６－三硝基苯胺，并以红外、氢核磁、化学电离质谱及元素分析鉴定了此化合物的结构．在所采用的三种方法中，以方法（Ⅱ）为优，工艺简便，反应时间短，产品得率高．     

苯酚钠对2—NO2—TPP及其金属配合物的亲核取代

研究了苯酚钠对２－ＮＯ２－５,１０,１５,２０－四苯基卟啉（２－ＮＯ２－ＴＰＰ）１及其铜（Ⅱ）、镍（Ⅱ）３,铁（Ⅲ）４、钴（Ⅱ）５等金属配合物的亲核取代,在苯酚中反应,主要产物分别为２－（２－羟基苯基）－５,１０,１５,２０－四苯基卟啉６（４４％）及相应金属配合的７（５０％）、８（５２％）、９（５１％）、１０（５１％）,２－（４－羟基苯基）－５,１０,１５,２０－四苯基卟啉１１（３３％）及相应金属     

2—溴羧酸气相热消除反应及其取代基效应的理论研究

用半经验分子轨道方法ＡＭ１对２－溴－丙酸与２－溴－３－甲基－丁酸的气相热消除反应的微观机理进行了细致的讨论，同时研究了不同取代基对α－溴代酸气相热消除反应的影响。研究结果表明：α－溴代酸气相热消除反应的机理均为２步反应，具有五元环过渡态的第一步过程是整个反应的速控步骤，这与实验工作者的预测一致，计算的取代基效应与有机电子论的预测相一致。     

卟啉环上的亲核取代：2.溶剂对2—NO2—TPPCu（Ⅱ）与苯？…

研究了溶剂对２－ＮＯ２－５,１０,１５,２０－四苯基卟啉铜（２－ＮＯ２－ＴＴＰＣｕ（Ⅱ）１与苯酚钠反应的影响,发现反应速度、产物分布与所用溶剂有很大关系。在苯酚中反应,主要产物为碳碳键相连的产物２－（２－羟基苯基）－ＴＰＰＣｕ（Ⅱ２（５０％）和２－（４－在苯甲腈、ＤＭＳＯ、ＤＭＦ和吡啶中反应,４的产率分别为５５％、５２％、４７％和１１．７％。实验结果说明,在反应中存在ＳＲＮ１和ＳＮＡｒ的竞争,质子     

dl－2，3－二氰基－2，3－二（3，4－二甲氧基苯基）丁二酸二乙酯的晶体和分子结构

用Ｘ射线晶体结构测定和分析了ｄｌ－２，３－二氰基－２，３－二（３，４－二甲氧基苯基）丁二酸二乙酯的分子和晶体结构。晶体学数据为Ｃ（２６）Ｈ（２８）Ｎ２Ｏ８，Ｍｒ＝４９６．５２，空间群Ｐｌ，ａ＝１２．０４７（１）Ａ，ｂ＝１３．２７１（１）Ａ，ｃ＝８．７２８（２）Ａ，α＝９０．７１（１）°，β＝１０８．８１（１）°，γ＝８４．８７（１）°，Ｖ＝１　３１５．４（２）Ａ３，Ｚ＝２，Ｄｃ＝１．２５４ｇ．ｃｍ（－３）．计算表明分子内有许多非键连原子间距小于ｖａｎｄｅｒＷａａｌｓ半径和，基团间的空间排斥作用使两苄碳原子间的σ键键长较正常的碳－碳单键键长明显增长，且分子内苯环上取代基的电子效应对上述σ键的变化亦有较大影响．     

溴素的有机化学：Ⅳ.单取代苯甲酸多溴代芳酯的合成

报导合成了四种新的单取代苯甲酸多溴代芳酯：４－溴苯甲酸－２’，４’，６’－三溴苯酯，双（４－溴苯甲酸）－２’，３’，５’６’－四溴－１’，４’－苯二酯，双（４－羟基苯甲酸）－２’，３’５’，６’－四溴－１’，４’－苯二酯和双（２－羟基苯甲酸）－２’，３’５’６’－四溴－１’，４’－苯二酯。     

N—取代三氯乙酰胺合成取代脲类除草剂的研究

在碱性条件下，以Ｎ－取代三氯乙酰胺与２种胺反应，合成了８种取代脲类除草剂。     

3－氨基－1，2，4－三唑与苦基氯的亲核取代反应动力学研究

测定了３－氨基－１，２，４－三唑参与的亲核取代反应动力学，并对相应中间体进行了分离和结构测定，给出了相应的反应历程．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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