光降解柠檬酸酸洗废水的机理

针对高浓度柠檬酸酸洗废水的光降解过程,以水杨酸为羟基自由基(·OH)捕获剂,通过紫外分光光度法检测产物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸在510 nm处的吸光度,以证实·OH的存在。以对苯二甲酸为·OH捕获剂,315 nm为激发波长,利用荧光分光光度法测定2-羟基对苯二甲酸在425 nm处的荧光强度,间接测定柠檬酸酸洗废水中·OH的浓度。检测结果表明:利用1stopt v1.5软件中的拟牛顿法和通用全局优化法对试验结果进行拟合,得出决定因数DC=0.993 2,说明水杨酸的光解过程较好地符合两步一级反应模型,证实光降解过程中有·OH产生。对苯二甲酸浓度为4×10~(-5)mol/L时,荧光强度与反应时间线性关系较好(R~2=0.999 8),即光照过程中·OH的浓度约为4×10~(-5)mol/L。     

Fenton光催化降解草甘膦生产废水研究

以Fenton（Fe^3＋／H2O2）光催化降解草甘膦废水,跟踪体系化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD）,研究了不同条件下（光源、试剂浓度和酸度等）废水光催化氧化特性及光催化反应条件．探讨了在太阳光及紫外光照射条件下Fenton试剂组分Fe^3＋与H2O2不同投料比、投料量、介质酸度对光催化降解废水的影响．结果表明,利用太阳光、紫外光能显著提高废水降解速率;太阳光照射条件下,Fe^3＋/H2O2为1：10投量比,pH=3时,对废水COD降解效果最佳,COD去除率达82％．     

柔性纤维负载TiO_2光催化反应器的设计

以柔性纤维负载TiO_2为光催化剂,在有效增加光辐射体积结构的基础上,根据流动方式与反应动力学原理,分别设计平板式、筒式以及金字塔式3种不同结构的光催化反应器,光照面积与反应物体积之比(A/V值)依次是0.606cm~(-1),0.727cm~(-1),0.454cm~(-1).处理动态水产养殖废水结果表明,当曝气量为0.35L/min,pH=6.7,进水流量Q=2×10~4 cm~3/h,氨氮初始质量浓度分别为9.6mg/L,58.7mg/L与93.5mg/L情况下,连续运行12h,筒式光催化反应器对氨氮的降解率均达到80%以上,筒式光催化反应器结构设计更优以及对氨氮的降解效率更高.     

复合TiO2光催化氧化含黑索今废水的试验研究

利用TiO2光催化氧化技术(UV/TiO2)、复合H2O2的TiO2光催化氧化技术(UV/TiO2/H2O2)、复合Fenton的TiO2光催化氧化技术(UV/TiO2/Fenton),在循环式浆态床反应器中于低压汞灯模式下对黑索今生产混合废水样品的COD降解及脱色过程进行了对比研究. 结果表明:脱色及COD的去除效率依次为UV/TiO2/Fenton＞UV/TiO2/H2O2＞UV/TiO2. 废水的初始浓度对以上技术的处理效果有很大影响,当反应系统的入水COD值低于2 g/L时,在180 min内其COD值都可达标,色度去除也可在90 min内达标.     

MnO_2催化臭氧氧化模拟草酸废水

比较了单独臭氧氧化、MnO_2催化剂吸附和MnO_2催化臭氧氧化3个体系对模拟草酸废水COD的去除效果,考察催化剂投加量对COD去除率的影响,并建立和验证了草酸氧化降解中的独立反应式.实验结果表明:单独臭氧氧化、MnO_2催化剂吸附和MnO_2催化臭氧氧化3个体系对模拟草酸废水COD的去除率分别为4.94%、20.83%和44.44%.MnO_2催化剂最佳投加量为0.500 g/L时,COD(草酸初始质量浓度500 mg/L,初始COD质量浓度89 mg/L,反应时间1 h)的去除率高达85.87%,由于MnO_2催化O_3产生·OH,MnO_2/O_3体系对模拟草酸废水COD的去除率明显提高.依据化学计量矩阵方法,验证并确立了草酸氧化降解过程的独立反应式.动力学理论计算和实验结果均表明,MnO_2催化臭氧氧化模拟草酸废水COD的降解过程符合准一级动力学方程(R~20.9).     

硫掺杂TiO2光催化处理模拟废水Cr( VI)和2-萘酚

采用自制的S/Ti O2作为光催化剂,在可见光下进行光催化降解2-萘酚和还原Cr(VI)的实验。考察了S/Ti O2投加量、2-萘酚初始浓度和p H值对2-萘酚降解光催化性能的影响及Cr(VI)~2-萘酚混合体系光催化反应的研究。结果表明:S/Ti O2投加量为2.0 g/L,2-萘酚溶液初始浓度18.75 mg/L,p H值为6~7时2-萘酚光催化降解效果最好;混合体系中的2-萘酚的降解率及Cr(VI)还原率均较相应的单一体系高,Cr(VI)的还原与2-萘酚的氧化之间产生了协同效应。Cr(VI)和2-萘酚的光催化反应均为拟一级反应动力学。     

硫掺杂TiO2光催化处理模拟废水Cr(Ⅵ)和2-萘酚

采用自制的S/TiO2作为光催化剂,在可见光下进行光催化降解2-萘酚和还原Cr(Ⅵ)的实验.考察了S/TiO2投加量、2-萘酚初始浓度和pH值对2-萘酚降解光催化性能的影响及Cr(Ⅵ)～2-萘酚混合体系光催化反应的研究.结果表明:S/TiO2投加量为2.0 g/L,2-萘酚溶液初始浓度18.75 mg/L,pH值为6～7时2-萘酚光催化降解效果最好;混合体系中的2-萘酚的降解率及Cr(Ⅵ)还原率均较相应的单一体系高,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原与2-萘酚的氧化之间产生了协同效应.Cr(Ⅵ)和2-萘酚的光催化反应均为拟一级反应动力学.     

POMs/TiO2复合催化剂光催化降解染料废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法表面修饰TiO2制备了几种POMs/TiO2复合光催化剂,考察了催化剂在紫外光照射下对模拟染料废水(茜素红溶液)的光催化降解行为.结果表明:POMs/TiO2复合催化剂较纯TiO2光催化降解茜素红活性明显提高,其中复合催化剂Cr3OSiW12/TiO2光催化降解模拟染料废水(茜素红溶液)效果最佳.反应最佳条件:催化剂为Cr3OSiW12/TiO2,多酸质量分数为0.5%,催化剂用量为15 mg,茜素红溶液浓度为0.1mmol/L.茜素红降解质量分数可达74.6%.     

四(4-磺基苯基)卟啉自组装催化剂的制备及其可见光光催化性能研究

本文以四(4-磺基苯基)卟啉(TPPS)与硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)为原料制备了卟啉自组装催化剂(Zn-TPPS-Zn),利用紫外可见光谱对其进行光化学表征.在可见光下(λ≥420nm)照射下,以光催化降解染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)为探针反应,探讨了Zn-TPPS-Zn光催化过程中活化O2对RhB的光催化降解活性.实验表明,RhB光催化降解的最佳条件为:pH 6.89、催化剂投加量0.33g/L.催化剂循环实验表明Zn-TPPS-Zn在可见光下对RhB的降解具有一定的稳定性,但还需进一步改善.通过跟踪测定Zn-TPPS-Zn/RhB/Vis光催化反应体系中氧化物种(H2O2和·OH)相对含量的变化,表明其光催化反应主要涉及羟基自由基(·OH)历程.     

Cu_2O光催化氧化处理甲基橙废水的效能分析

在太阳光下采用Cu2O光催化剂处理不同质量浓度的甲基橙废水.实验结果表明,Cu2O光催化可以高效降解甲基橙.在反应6 h后,COD质量浓度为392.05 mg/L的甲基橙废水COD降至17mg/L以下,去除率高达95.7%;随着质量浓度的升高,COD去除率略有下降,当COD质量浓度为1264.2 mg/L时,COD去除率降至87%.Cu2O降解甲基橙的最佳投加量为0.6 g Cu2O/g甲基橙.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.