金属元素对类水滑石物质阴离子交换性能的影响

采用非稳态混合共沉淀法合成了金属元素组成分别为Mg—Fe，Mg—Fe—Al，Mg—Al，Cu—Mg—Al和Zn-Mg—Al的5个类水滑石(HTlc)样品，二价金属和三价金属的原料摩尔配比均为2：1，分析测定了样品的化学组成、晶型和SO4^2-对层间阴离子(Cl^-和OH^-)的交换量，考察了第三种金属元素种类对阴离子交换容量的影响．结果表明，在二元HTlc样品中加入第三种金属元素后，HTlc中Cl^-的含量明显增加，而OH^-的含量明显减小．Cl^-比OH^-容易被交换．第三种金属元素的加入可明显提高Cl^-交换容量，而OH^-交换容量的数值则基本降低；使Cl^-和OH^-交换率有增加的趋势．所研究样品的总阴离子交换容量主要由Cl^-交换容量决定，第三种金属元素可增加HTlc的总阴离子交换容量．     

Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的结构、磁致伸缩和MÖssbauer研究

系统研究了室温下Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.35)合金中金属Al替代Fe对晶体结构、磁致伸缩、内禀磁致伸缩、各向异性和自旋重取向的影响.结果发现,x＜0.4时,Tb0 3Dy0 7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95完全保持MgCu2立方Laves相结构,晶格常数α随Al含量x的增加而增大.磁致伸缩测量发现,随着替代量x的增加磁致伸缩减小,x＞0.15时超磁致伸缩效应消失;x＜0.15时磁致伸缩在低场下(H≤40 kA/m)有小幅增加,高场下迅速减小,而且易趋于饱和,说明添加少量Al有助于减小磁晶各向异性.内禀磁致伸缩λ111随Al替代量x的增加大幅度降低.M(o)ssbauer效应表明,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的易磁化方向随成分和温度在{110}面逐渐偏离了立方晶体的主对称轴,即自旋重取向.室温下,当x=0.15时,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金中出现了少量非磁性相;x＞0.15时,合金完全呈顺磁性;而77K温度下x=0.2时合金仍然呈磁性相.在室温和77K温度时,超精细场Hhf均随Al元素的增加而减小,而同质异能移IS随Al元素的增加而增加.     

Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的结构、磁致伸缩和M(o)ssbauer研究

系统研究了室温下Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.35)合金中金属Al替代Fe对晶体结构、磁致伸缩、内禀磁致伸缩、各向异性和自旋重取向的影响.结果发现,x＜0.4时,Tb0 3Dy0 7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95完全保持MgCu2立方Laves相结构,晶格常数α随Al含量x的增加而增大.磁致伸缩测量发现,随着替代量x的增加磁致伸缩减小,x＞0.15时超磁致伸缩效应消失;x＜0.15时磁致伸缩在低场下(H≤40 kA/m)有小幅增加,高场下迅速减小,而且易趋于饱和,说明添加少量Al有助于减小磁晶各向异性.内禀磁致伸缩λ111随Al替代量x的增加大幅度降低.M(o)ssbauer效应表明,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金的易磁化方向随成分和温度在{110}面逐渐偏离了立方晶体的主对称轴,即自旋重取向.室温下,当x=0.15时,Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金中出现了少量非磁性相;x＞0.15时,合金完全呈顺磁性;而77K温度下x=0.2时合金仍然呈磁性相.在室温和77K温度时,超精细场Hhf均随Al元素的增加而减小,而同质异能移IS随Al元素的增加而增加.     

过饱和沉淀法合成Zn-Al类水滑石及其表征

分别用高、低过饱和沉淀法合成了n（Zn）／n（Al）=2：1的Zn—Al类水滑石（HTlc）,并用XRD对所获得的水滑石样品进行了表征,结果表明：高过饱和沉淀法合成的水滑石的谱峰比低过饱和沉淀法合成的水滑石的谱峰更尖锐,说明高过饱和沉淀法的结晶效果优于低过饱和沉淀法．基于此,利用高过饱和沉淀法合成了一系列的Zn-Al-HTlc,并通过XRD,IR和TG进行了表征,研究了样品中的n（Al）／n（zn＋Al）,即x对Zn-Al-HTlc化学组成、晶体结构的影响．当0．25≤x≤0．51时可得到单一的Zn-Al-Cl-HTlc相;x≤0．25时有ZnO杂质相出现;x值对晶胞参数a和c的影响不大．     

Zr/Al基柱撑蒙脱石的热行为

采用X线衍射分析、红外光谱分析以及氮气吸附-脱附分析等方法对Zr/Al基柱撑蒙脱石及其热处理(300～700 ℃)产物进行研究.研究结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,Zr/Al基柱撑蒙脱石的结晶程度变差;柱撑蒙脱石层间聚羟基阳离子柱撑剂发生脱水脱羟基反应,柱撑剂中的质子进入Al-O八面体层,与Si-O-Al键反应形成了Si-OH和Al-OH键;在500 ℃时,Zr/Al基柱撑蒙脱石热稳定性较强;当温度达到600 ℃以上时,柱撑蒙脱石脱水脱羟基本完全,比表面积大幅度减小,层结构遭到严重破坏,(001)面网间距从1.927 8 nm减小至 1.385 2 nm,比表面积从177.90 m2/g减小到85.19 m2/g,而平均介孔孔径则从4.172 nm增至8.592 nm.     

ZnO对堇青石体系的结构与红外辐射性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备名义组成为Mg2(1-x)Zn2xAl4Si5O18(x=0-0.6)的红外辐射材料，测试了样品的红外辐射性能，并用XRD、IR等方法研究了体系的结构．研究结果表明，x≤0．3时，可得到六方结构的堇青石固溶体，x=0．2时，样品的红外辐射性能最佳，其法向全波段的辐射率达到0．89，8～14μm波段的辐射率达到0．91以上．x＞0．2时样品的红外辐射性能随x的增大而降低，x≥0．4时样品中主要形成(Mg1-xZnx)Al2O4尖晶石固溶体和方石英．     

硫酸对乌兰林格膨润土的活化研究及产品表征

采用硫酸对乌兰林格膨润土(WZB)进行活化研究,并对活性白土产品进行了化学成分、红外光谱(IR)及氮气吸附技术表征分析,表明活化过程中蒙脱石层间Na 、Ca2 溶出较快,而八面体中的Mg2 、Al3 、Fe3 溶出较慢,且溶出难易程度依次为Al3 、Fe3 、Mg2 ;随着加酸量的增加,414cm-1与1639 cm-1附近的峰逐渐降低;产品的总孔容、比表面积及平均孔径分别从0.1206mL/g、117.5m2/g和4.104nm增加到0.2983mL/g、203.3m2/g和5.869 nm,呈现出先增大后降低的规律性变化趋势.     

Fe100—xCux纳米合金材料的结构研究

利用XAFS方法研究机械合金化方法制备的Fe10 0 -xCux(x =0、1 0、2 0、40、6 0、70、80、1 0 0 ,x为原子百分比 )合金中Fe、Cu原子的局域环境结构随组成的变化 .对于Fe10 0 -xCux 二元混合物 ,当x 40时 ,Fe原子的近邻配位结构从bcc转变为fcc ,但Cu原子的近邻结构保持其fcc不变 ;与之相反 ,当x 2 0时 ,Fe原子的近邻配位保持bcc结构而Cu原子的近邻配位结构从fcc转变为bcc结构 .XAFS结果还表明fcc结构的Fe10 0 -xCux 中Fe的无序因子σ ( 0 0 0 99nm)比bcc结构的Fe10 0 -xCux 中的σ ( 0 0 0 81nm)大得多 ;并且在同一机械合金化Fe10 0 -xCux(x 40 )样品中Fe原子的σ ( 0 0 0 99nm)比Cu原子的σ ( 0 0 0 89nm)大 .这表明机械合金化的Fe10 0 -xCux 样品中Fe和Cu原子可以有相同的局域结构环境但不是均匀的过饱和固溶体 ,而是fcc或bcc合金相同时存在Fe富集区和Cu富集区 .     

Waugh型锰钼杂多酸层柱化合物的合成及性能

以ZnAl-TA、MgAl-TA为前驱体,用离子交换法将Waugh结构的杂多阴离子[MnMo9O32]6-嵌入Zn—Al型和Mg—Al型阴离子粘土层间,合成了大层间距的新型层柱状化合物[Zn0.66Al0.34(OH)2]·0.055[Mn1.04Mo9.00O32]·0.01TA·0.5H2O和[Mg0.59Al0.41(OH)2]·0.059[Mn1.02Mo9.00O32]·0.03TA·0.7H2O.通过XFS、XRD、IR和TG-DTA等手段研究了它们的结构和性质,以乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应为模型反应考察了新型层柱化合物的催化活性.     

Mg对Zn--11%Al合金镀层凝固组织及合金层生长的影响

将工业纯铁分别在510℃的Zn-11%Al、Zn-11%Al-1.5%Mg、Zn-11%Al-3%Mg和Zn-11%Al-4.5%Mg合金熔池中进行不同时间的热浸镀,使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等仪器设备,研究Mg含量对Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织和镀层中Fe-Al合金层生长的影响.结果表明：Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织由富Al相和Zn/Al二元共晶组成;随着Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg含量的增加,合金镀层的凝固组织中逐渐出现Zn/Al/MgZn2三元共晶、块状 MgZn2相和Al/MgZn2二元共晶.四种合金镀层中合金层主要由Fe2 Al5 Znx和FeAl3 Znx相组成,合金层的厚度随浸镀时间的增加而增加,Mg含量的增加使Fe-Al合金层生长速率指数和生长速率降低.在Zn-11%Al合金镀层中Fe-Al合金层形成的初期,可形成致密稳定的Fe-Al化合物层;热浸镀120 s后,扩散通道的移动使Fe-Al化合物层失稳破裂. Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg元素可明显推迟液Zn进入镀层中Fe-Al合金层的时间,使Fe-Al合金层更加稳定和致密.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has