SPF级动物实验室改造初探

目的根据实验动物环境及设施国家标准（GB 14925-2001）的规定,建立符合我校实际情况的SPF级大、小鼠实验设施。方法在原有土建的基础上,利用普通级大、小鼠饲养室的空调净化系统,室内进行必要的装修和改造,饲养室内安装IVC、净化工作台及配套设备,使动物饲养和实验全过程达到SPF级。结果改造后的SPF级实验室的环境设施各项指标均符合GB 14925-2001的要求,已成功饲养SPF级SD和Wister大鼠,远交系小鼠（KM和ICR）,近交系小鼠（C57BL/6转基因鼠、BALB/C、BALB/c-nu裸鼠）共20批次。动物的生长健康状况良好,成活率接近100%。结论这种在初、中效过滤环境下的IVC配置,大大节省了运行的电费和维持费用,便于管理,非常适合于以动物实验为主的实验动物使用单位。     

相对洁净环境下使用IVC系统长期饲养SPF级大鼠的效果观察

目的在相对洁净环境下使用IVC系统,观察长期饲养SPF级大鼠的效果。方法(1)在洁净度10万级以内的实验室里放置IVC,建立了IVC屏障系统实验室;(2)将4周龄的SPF级SD大鼠随机分为2组,分别在IVC系统和传统的屏障系统环境内饲养7个月,并对在这两种环境条件下饲养的大鼠进行生长发育及部分血液学、血清生化、组织学对比实验。结果(1)在IVC系统中饲养的大鼠生长发育状况略优于传统屏障系统,且在快速生长期表现出显著差异。(2)分别在两种屏障系统中饲养7个月后的SD大鼠,其RBC、HGB、PLT、WBC、MO、LY、AST、AL、BUN、TP、ALB、GLU、T-BIL、Grea、T-CHO及脏器的组织切片无显著差异。结论大鼠在IVC系统中与传统的屏障系统中饲养所得出的数据无显著区别,因此使用IVC系统进行动物实验是可靠的。     

臭氧消毒方法在实验动物屏障环境运行中的应用

目的研究正确使用臭氧对实验动物屏障环境进行消毒的方法和浓度，达到既保证消毒效果、又保证屏障环境内实验动物及工作人员安全的目的。方法控制2个臭氧浓度在0．32mg／m3和0．21mg／m3的屏障环境，进行消毒效果对比实验；选用清洁级ICR小鼠进行正常的生产繁殖，观察不同浓度的臭氧消毒对小鼠产仔率、肺功能的影响，以及对空气中氨气浓度的影响。结果臭氧浓度为0．21mg／m^3和0．32mg／m^3时都达到了灭菌效果；臭氧浓度为0．32mg／m^3时动物的死胎率、肺部病变例数与对照组和臭氧浓度为0．21mg／m^3组有显著差异，氨气浓度下降85％；臭氧浓度为0．21mg／m^3时动物的死胎率、肺部病变例数与对照组没有显著差异，氨气浓度下降75％。结论实验动物屏障环境动态运行时，臭氧消毒最适合的剂量为0．21mg／m^3。     

独立通风笼盒(IVC)在动物实验中的应用

介绍独立通风笼盒(IVC)系统的国内外发展历程、构成和工作原理以及其在动物实验中的使用要求,各类安 全性研究表明IVC系统能够成为一种安全、节能、环保的动物实验新设备。另外,还对IVC系统在动物实验方面的 应用前景进行了展望。     

实验动物手术室使用臭氧和紫外线灭菌的效果观察

目的观察以肝、心、肾等器官移植为主的医学实验动物手术室,使用臭氧和紫外线的物理学方法灭菌的效果。方法在实验室运转后,用物理的臭氧和紫外灭菌与化学的2%戊二醛灭菌方法进行比较,用平皿菌落记数和物品表面微生物检测,重复消毒灭菌和检测各3 d,观测消毒灭菌效果。结果臭氧的泄漏不多,易于隔离和应用。两种方法的平皿菌落记数和物品表面微生物检测均达标。结论臭氧和紫外线物理灭菌方法在完成消毒后无残留物质,可进入缝隙,在实验动物手术室等存放大量仪器物品的实验室,用物理方法替代化学方法值得提倡。     

河南省独立通气笼具设备的应用与管理探讨

独立通气笼具（Individually Ventilated Cages,简称IVC）设备是目前国际上啮齿类实验动物广泛使用的新型节能环保型动物实验设备。该产品采用笼具水平的微隔离技术,通过在笼具内部输送经过高效过滤的空气以保证动物免受微生物的污染。IVC设备由主机、笼架和笼盒三部分组成,     

谈臭氧消毒在矿泉水生产中的应用

本文介绍臭氧消毒在矿泉水生产过程中的应用,并根据臭氧产率与臭氧发生器电压的关系,提出生产中适宜的臭氧投入量。     

臭氧引起的室内污染及消毒净化中存在的问题

结合国内外对臭氧引起的室内污染的研究进展,阐述了臭氧对室内空气的化学污染及臭氧氧化室内装饰材料带来的二次污染物,并且针对市售臭氧消毒净化器使用中存在的问题,提出了几点改进意见。     

清华大学生物馆IVC动物房的工艺设计

清华大学生物系基因组研究所,在校内改建SPF动物实验设施一处.对设计思路及改建实施方案、IVC笼具的特点及使用要求做了介绍,同时还总结了改建实验动物设施的经验.     

Sy-78,Sy-78-19型臭氧发生器试制成功

臭氧是一种性能优良的氧化剂和杀菌、消毒剂,广泛应用于饮用水的消毒、工业废水的处理和在化学合成工业中替代沿用的氧化剂,减少对环境的污染。臭氧的生产,大多采用无声放电法,它是目前唯一能较经济地大规模生产低浓度臭氧的方法。Sy—78、Sy—78—19型臭氧发生器是运用无声放电原理制成的卧管式发生器,它具有     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that