莲潜根线虫扫描电镜观察

通过对莲潜根线虫进行扫描电镜观察,显示唇片为3枚,唇环4～5环.侧区有4条纵走刻纹,近尾末端偶有网纹.尾部缺失环纹4个以上.尾末端有一明显的尾尖突.交合伞不全包盖尾,至尾部约3/4处.     

莲潜根线虫扫描电镜观察

通过对莲潜根线虫进行扫描电镜观察，显示唇片为3枚，唇环4－5环。侧区有4条纵走刻纹，近尾末端偶有网纹。尾部缺失环纹4个以上，尾末端有一明显的尾尖突。交合伞不全包盖尾，至尾部约3／4处。     

大蛾卵跳小蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

【目的】明确大蛾卵跳小蜂雌雄成虫触角感受器的类型、数量和分布特征,为探究各感受器的内部结构、感受机制及相关功能提供基础。【方法】利用扫描电镜观察大蛾卵跳小蜂的触角结构、长度及触角感受器的形态特征;鉴定感受器的类型,统计触角背面和腹面不同类型感受器的数量、位置。通过独立样本t检验比较触角长度和同类感受器的长度、宽度、数量在雌、雄蜂间的差异;比较不同亚节上感受器的数量、分布密度在雌、雄蜂间的差异。【结果】大蛾卵跳小蜂触角呈膝状,雌蜂的触角总长[(806.79±4.30) μm]大于雄蜂触角总长[(781.13±7.13) μm]。雌蜂触角鞭节有9亚节,包括6索节和3棒节;雄蜂触角鞭节有7亚节,包括6索节和1棒节。雌、雄蜂触角上都着生7种类型感受器,分别为毛形感受器(TS)、刺形感受器(ChS)、钟形感受器(CaS)、板形感受器(PS)、乳状感受器(MS)、Böhm氏鬃毛(BB)、指形感受器(FS)。TS和FS都分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。雌蜂和雄蜂上TS的数量最多、分布最广,TSⅠ和TSⅡ在雌雄间的数量无显著差异。雌蜂ChS、FSⅠ的数量显著大于雄蜂相同类型的感器数量;雌蜂BB、FSⅡ的数量显著小于雄蜂相同类型的感器数量。PS、CaS、MS的数量在雌雄蜂间无显著差异。观察发现,从触角基部到端部,感受器类型和数量越来越多,密度越来越大。【结论】雌、雄蜂触角感受器的总量较为接近,但不同感受器数量、大小和分布存在差异,具有明显的性二型现象;跳小蜂科昆虫中存在钟形感受器;大蛾卵跳小蜂的触角鞭节可能在寄主定位、识别、产卵等过程中起到更重要的作用。     

透射电镜在气溶胶单颗粒分析中的应用

透射电镜（TEM）具有很高的分辨率和放大率,可以同时提供形貌、成分、结构信息,非常适宜于对气溶胶细颗粒和超细颗粒等的研究。简述了国内外用TEM对大气气溶胶单颗粒分析的研究及其现状,主要围绕TEM对城市大气气溶胶、海洋气溶胶、燃烧烟尘和机动车废气的研究等方面进行了论述。介绍了作者利用TEM对北京市大气气溶胶的初步研究,提出了今后开展大气可吸入颗粒物的TEM研究的几点建议。     

Scanning tunnelling microscopy of Z-DNA

Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials at the atomic level, and is potentially one of the most powerful techniques for probing biomolecular structure. Recent STM studies of calf thymus DNA and poly(rA).poly(rU) have shown that the helical pitch and periodic alternation of major and minor grooves can be visualized and reliably measured. Here we present the first STM images of poly(dG-me5dC).poly(dG-me5dC) in the Z-form. Both the general appearance of the fibres and measurements of helical parameters are in good agreement with models derived from X-ray diffraction.     

Nature of biological electron transfer.

Powerful first-order analysis of intraprotein electron transfer is developed from electron-transfer measurements both in biological and in chemical systems. A variation of 20 A in the distance between donors and acceptors in protein changes the electron-transfer rate by 10(12)-fold. Protein presents a uniform electronic barrier to electron tunnelling and a uniform nuclear characteristic frequency, properties similar to an organic glass. Selection of distance, free energy and reorganization energy are sufficient to define rate and directional specificity of biological electron transfer, meeting physiological requirements in diverse systems.     

电子显微镜时代与纳米地球科学

光学显微镜的广泛运用,扩展了观察认识地球固体物质组成、结构、构造的视野,促使地球科学从简单描述走向理论研究,催生了地球科学的第一次革命;21世纪地球科学研究全面向地球表层转移,迫切需要认识地球物质纪录的纳米尺度信息;现代电子显微镜在地球科学中的广泛运用,催生了纳米地球科学的诞生。纳米地球科学诞生推动地球科学家将从纳米尺度解读过去所未知的固体地球演代过程的信息;纳米地球科学的兴起将引起地球科学的一场新的革命。     

Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy.

A 7-A resolution map of the purple membrane has been obtained by electron microscopy of tilted, unstained specimens. The protein in the membrane contains seven, closely packed, alpha-helical segments which extend roughly perpendicular to the plane of the membrane for most of its width. Lipid bilayer regions fill the spaces between the protein molecules.     

电子碰撞K壳层电离截面的理论研究

基于相对论的电子离子碰撞的K壳层的电离截面理论,计算了原子C、Al、Ca、Ti、Cu、Ge、Mo、Ag、Au、Pb电子离子碰撞电离截面,并分析了其随入射电子能量和电子温度的变化趋势,所得的计算结果和其它理论值和近期的文献实验数值进行了比较,计算结果可为Kα光子产额与超热电子数额和能量模拟提供原子参数.     

Electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated biological material

The electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated specimens has the potential to allow biological material to be examined in conditions very similar to the native state, and so has excited considerable interest. Although not all of the problems associated with the method have been solved, the technique has already provided important insights into macromolecular structure and assembly and promises to be a powerful tool for investigating the structure of cellular components and their interactions.