磁控溅射表面镀膜对Nd2Fe14B稀土永磁体抗腐蚀性能的影响

在Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体表面,采用磁控溅射（直流+射频）技术制备了Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜。并通过中性盐雾试验、腐蚀失重计算、电化学腐蚀试验、金相观察等方式,对比研究了不同表面处理对Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体抗腐蚀性能的影响,并构建了腐蚀模型。研究发现：Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜和Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜均有效地提高了Nd₂Fe₁₄B稀土永磁体基体耐中性盐雾腐蚀和电化学腐蚀的能力;Ti/Al/Ni三元合金薄膜较Ti/Ni,Ti/Al和Al/Ni等二元合金薄膜有更优良的综合耐腐蚀性能,其磁控溅射工艺参数为：Ar流量60 sccm,基片温度常温,Ni,Al,Ti的溅射功率都为250 W,基片转速20 r·min^-1,镀膜均速0.3 nm·s^-1,总计溅射时间1 h。     

热处理工艺对高弹高导Cu-Ni-Al合金组织与性能的影响

利用力学与电学性能测试、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金的时效过程进行了观察和研究;分析了Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金的组织和性能,分别比较了Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al和Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金在3种形变热处理工艺下的力学和电学性能.性能试验结果表明:Ti的加入能够提高合金的硬度,而对导电率影响不大,经过工艺3试验后,Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al和Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金的维氏硬度分别达到243、317,导电率分别达到19.1%IACS、21.0%IACS.TEM观察结果表明:Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金时效过程中的主要强化过程是γ'相(Ni₃Al)的连续沉淀.     

Cu-Ni-Al系合金铸态组织研究

对Cu-Ni-Al系合金的铸态组织进行研究,使企业更好地认识和了解Cu-Ni-Al系列合金,进而更好地开发利用该合金.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,对Cu-Ni-Al和Cu-Ni-Al-Ti合金进行观察和分析.结果表明：Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金铸态组织中枝晶组织与偏析区（Ni₃Al）界限十分明显,且枝晶组织比较粗大.而Ti的加入促使Ni和Cu的分布变得均匀,并且Ti的加入使合金中有魏氏体产生,致使合金的力学性能降低,减小了合金的变形能力,导致Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金在热轧时有开裂的现象发生.并且能谱分析显示Ni₃Al存在于枝晶中和枝晶间,说明Ni₃Ti的稳定性较好,在高温时就有Al₃Ti形成,在固溶扩散过程中,Ni₃Ti被排挤到枝晶之间,形成第二相.     

NaBH4还原改性TiO2(B)及光催化性能研究

以TiCl₄为原料,在（CH₂OH）₂溶液中通过一步水热法制备单斜相二氧化钛[TiO₂(B)]。使用不同质量含量NaBH₄对TiO₂(B)进行还原改性,调控其内含Ti³⁺的浓度,合成了含Ti³⁺的TiO₂(B)-NaBH₄X样品。采用X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffraction,XRD）、拉曼光谱仪（Raman spectroscopy）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪（UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,UV-DRS）、X射线光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS）对材料进行表征。改性后TiO₂(B)-NaBH₄X样品保持其原有晶体结构,并未发生相变,仅有结晶度的改变。原始TiO₂(B)禁带宽度为3.15 eV,通过改性,Ti³⁺的存在改变了禁带宽度,成功地将禁带宽度降低到2.82 eV,将吸光区域扩展到可见光区域。通过可见光光催化分解水制氢与可见光降解甲基橙试验,确立了TiO₂(B)-NaBH₄3样品有最好的可见光光催化活性,产氢速率达到0.58 μmol·h^-1·g^-1,6 h降解率达到40%。     

带约束的增长曲线模型中的可容许线性估计

 对于带约束的增长曲线模型Y=X₁ΘX₂+ε,ε~(0,σ²V I_q),tr(X′₂Θ′X′1NX₁ΘX₂)≤σ²,讨论了可估函数KΘL的可容许性在矩阵损失函数(d-KΘL)(d-KΘL)′下得到了DYF+C线性可容许的充要条件.     

微量Co对Cu-0.2Be合金组织性能的影响

采用大气熔铸工艺制备不同Co含量的Cu-0.2Be-XCo合金（X=0、0.5%、1.0%,质量分数）,采用维氏硬度计、金属电导率测试仪及金相显微镜对合金的性能及组织进行测试.结果表明：随着Co含量的增加,铸态Cu-0.2Be-XCo合金的中心等轴晶区域逐渐扩大、粗大柱状晶区域减小,晶粒明显细化;Co的添加提高了铸态合金硬度,但同时降低了导电率,Cu-0.2Be-1.0Co合金的硬度较Cu-0.2Be合金增加23.5%,而导电率降低39.9%.合金经950℃×1 h固溶+460℃不同时间时效后,Cu-0.2Be合金导电率及硬度随时效时间基本不发生变化,Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金及Cu-0.2Be-1.0Co合金导电率及硬度在时效初期（0~2 h）急剧升高,中期（2~4 h）缓慢增加,后期（4~8 h）趋于稳定.时效态Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金的综合性能较佳,经460℃×2 h时效,导电率为57.1%IACS,硬度（HV）为243.     

GH105合金元素含量对析出相的影响

采用Thermo-Calc及JMatPro软件,对GH105合金在600～1 600℃的相图进行计算,并对C,Cr,Co,Mo,Zr,Ti,Al以及微量B对GH105合金主要析出相MC,M₂₃C₆,M₃B₂,μ,σ和γ''的影响进行探究。结果表明：C的增加提高了M₂₃C₆和MC相的析出量和M₂₃C₆相的析出温度,降低了σ相的析出量和析出温度,同时μ相的析出温度明显下降;Cr的增加显著提高了σ相的析出量和析出温度;Co的增加提高了μ相和σ相的析出量和析出温度,降低了M₂₃C₆相的析出量和析出温度;Mo的增加显著提高了μ相和σ相的析出量和析出温度;Zr的增加提高了σ相的析出量和析出温度,提高了MC相的析出量,降低了M₂₃C₆相的析出量和析出温度;B的增加显著提高了M₃B₂相的析出量;Al,Ti和m（Al）：m（Ti）的增加,提高了γ''相的析出量,其中Al和m（Al）：m（Ti）相的增加还提高了γ''相的析出温度。     

保E*关系且方向保序严格部分一一变换半群的秩

设X为有限集合,E为X上的等价关系,令SOPI_E^*(X)为X 上的所有保E^*关系且方向保序严格部分一一变换构成的半群. 为了讨论此变换半群的秩,引入了新的等价关系从而得到新的等价类. 通过对等价类的分析得到了半群SOPI_E^*(X)的秩.     

红树林人工湿地生态养殖黄鳍鲷形态性状对体质量的影响

为了解红树林人工湿地生态养殖黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）形态性状对生长发育的影响及内在联系,采用相关性分析、主成分分析、通径分析及多元回归分析对其常规形态指标进行研究。结果显示,黄鳍鲷体质量（Y）与各形态性状间均呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,体高（X₆）与体质量（Y）的相关性系数最大（0.937）,头长（X₂）与体质量（Y）的相关性系数最小（0.549）。主成分分析发现黄鳍鲷主要表现为整体结构的协同生长发育。通径分析表明体高（X₆）对体质量（Y）的直接作用最大（0.424）,其后依次为体长（X₈）、尾柄高（X₇）和躯干长（X₃）。决定系数显示,体高（X₆）和体长（X₈）对体质量（Y）的共同决定系数最大（0.223）,表明体高和体长可以较好地表征体质量;体高（X₆）、体长（X₈）、尾柄高（X₇）和躯干长（X₃）4个性状共同决定系数的总和为0.954,表明这4个性状是影响体质量的主要性状。通过逐步回归分析建立多元回归方程：Y=-244.020+22.019X₆+6.892X₈+35.383X₇+5.535X₃。以上结果表明,红树林人工湿地生境生长的黄鳍鲷在养殖及选育过程中应以体高、体长、尾柄高和躯干长作为主要测量形态指标。     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25,0.5,0.75,原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析,采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明,铸态下,FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加,合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加,导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高,应变量降低;且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl/TiAl joints brazed with a newly developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr quaternary filler alloy

A novel Ti-Ni-Nb-Zr quaternary filler alloy with the composition of Ti-(19～25)Ni-(15～25)(Nb+Zr)(wt.%) was designed.The filler alloy was composed of(Ti,Nb)ss,(Ti,Zr,Nb)ss+(Ti,Zr)₂Ni,α-Ti and Ti₂Ni phases.It was fabricated into filler foil with a thickness of about 45 μm by a rapid solidification technique.The results indicate that the liquidus temperature of the Ti-Ni-Nb-Zr brazing alloy was about 978℃,and the brazing alloy presented excellent wettability on TiAl substrate.T...     

Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.     

Cu-Al-Ni形状记忆合金中马氏体的稳定化

本文用电阻法研究了铜基形状记忆合金的马氏体稳定化现象．实验结果表明：Ｃｕ－１２Ａ１－４Ｎｉ记忆合金具有较明显的稳定化倾向，稳定化的同时，合金的记忆能力发生衰退。     

Influence of nickel and copper on liquid structure of CuAINi shape memory alloys

Liquid structure of molten pure Cu, Cu-12Al, Cu-12Al-4Ni (mass fraction, %) alloys has been investigated using the X-ray diffraction method. It is found that the main peak of the structure factor of pure Cu is symmetrical. In the front of main peak, the curve takes on a shape of parabola, whereas a distinct pre-peak has been found around a scattering vector magnitude of 18.5 nm^-1 in the structure factor of the liquid Cu-12Al alloy. This pre-peak increases its intensity with the addition of Ni in the liquid Cu-12Al-4Ni alloy. The appearance of a pre-peak is a mark of the mediate-range order. Based on Daken-Gurry theory and according to mutual interaction between unlike atoms, the analysis of correlation between different composition and liquid structure was done: the strong interaction exists between Cu and Ni, so Cu-Al can form strong chemical bond which causes compound-forming behavior. Therefore, the medium-range size clusters can form in melt. The presence of the pre-peak corresponds to these clusters. The addition of Ni can strengthen the interaction between unlike atoms and increase the sizes of clusters, thus result in the height of pre-peak increasing.     

Influence of nickel and copper on liquid structure of CuAlNi shape memory alloys

Liquid structure of molten pure Cu, Cu-12Al, Cu-12Al-4Ni (mass fraction, %) alloys has been investigated using the X-ray diffraction method. It is found that the main peak of the structure factor of pure Cu is symmetrical. In the front of main peak, the curve takes on a shape of parabola, whereas a distinct pre-peak has been found around a scattering vector magnitude of 18.5 nm^?1 in the structure factor of the liquid Cu-12Al alloy. This pre-peak increases its intensity with the addition of Ni in the liquid Cu-12Al-4Ni alloy. The appearance of a pre-peak is a mark of the mediate-range order. Based on Daken-Gurry theory and according to mutual interaction between unlike atoms, the analysis of correlation between different composition and liquid structure was done: the strong interaction exists between Cu and Ni, so Cu-Al can form strong chemical bond which causes compound-forming behavior. Therefore, the medium-range size clusters can form in melt. The presence of the pre-peak corresponds to these clusters. The addition of Ni can strengthen the interaction between unlike atoms and increase the sizes of clusters, thus result in the height of pre-peak increasing.     

Electrolytic reduction of mixed solid oxides in molten salts for energy efficient production of the TiNi alloy

Fast and energy efficient technologies for material production are essential for the sustainable develop- ment of human society. The TiNi alloy is an important intelligent material[1], having high abrasive resistance, superior elasticity and good shape me…     

Al含量对Fe-Al合金中微观缺陷和价电子密度的影响

测量Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ和Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金的正电子寿命谱参数,计算合金基体和缺陷处的价电子密度。Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ和Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金基体的价电子密度（ｎｂ）分别为４１０×１０－２ａｕ和２３６×１０－２ａｕ,表明当Ａｌ和Ｆｅ结合形成Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ或Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金时,Ａｌ原子提供价电子与Ｆｅ原子的３ｄ电子形成局域的共价键,Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ和Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金中金属键和共价键共存。两种合金均有开空间大的缺陷,晶界缺陷处价电子密度（ｎｄ）〔１３２×１０－３ａｕ（Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ）,４７０×１０－３ａｕ（Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ）〕比基体的低,表明晶界处的键合力较弱。Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金晶界缺陷的开空间比Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ的大。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti_2AlNb/TiAl brazed joint using newly-developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr filler alloy

Joining of Ti_2AlNb alloy to TiAl intermetallics was conducted by the newly-developed Ti–Ni–Nb–Zr brazing filler alloy.The microstructure evolution of the joints was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).The macro-micro mechanical properties were studied by shear test and nano-indentation test.Typical interfacial microstructures across the brazing seam were Ti_2AlNb substrate,α_2-Ti_3Al+β-Ti,γ-TiAl+Ti_2Ni+TiNi+α_2-Ti_3Al,α_2-Ti_3Al+β-Ti,TiAl substrate.The Ti_2Ni phase were firstly dissolved in the joints brazed at 1000°C for 10 min and then precipitated after a prolonged holding time of 15 min.The nano-indentation test revealed that Ti_2Ni phase exhibited the highest hardness of 12.60 GPa.The joints brazed at 1000°C/15 min presented the maximum shear strength of271 MPa.The dissolution and precipitation behavior of Ti_2Ni phase was also discussed.