苯乙烯反应挤出过程模拟及数值计算

在SHL-Ф35型自洁式、同向旋转双螺杆挤出机上进行了以丁基锂为引发剂的阴离子聚合苯乙烯反应挤出实验。采用静态实验法得到物料在螺杆结构中的填充度分布,在此基础上用平板模型对反应挤出过程进行了模拟。对沿螺杆轴向反应转化率,以及反应热、耗散热、机筒导热等热传递现象所致的温升进行了数值计算,计算结果与苯乙烯反应挤出实验结果比较,符合良好。     

四氢呋喃对反应挤出苯乙烯/异戊二烯共聚物微观结构的影响

为研究极性调节剂对反应挤出苯乙烯类共聚物微观结构的影响,以双螺杆挤出机为反应器,有机锂为引发剂,四氢呋喃（THF）为极性调节剂,采用苯乙烯/异戊二烯（S/I）混合单体一次加料反应挤出技术合成了S/I共聚物,1H-NMR、GPC、DMA和TEM的分析结果表明：THF提高了共聚物的3,4-结构异戊二烯含量,使分散相尺寸变得细小且均匀,两相相容性提高;共聚物链段中长嵌段聚苯乙烯含量较少,并与大量分布较均匀的聚苯乙烯短嵌段、聚异戊二烯短嵌段以及无规共聚的苯乙烯单元共同组成完整的分子链。     

两亲性三嵌段共聚物的合成及其自组装行为

本研究采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法实现聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸叔丁酯、苯乙烯的聚合,合成出两亲性三嵌段PEO-PAA-PS共聚物。考察聚合过程中单体配比、引发剂、催化剂、反应温度等因素对两亲性三嵌段共聚物合成的影响,并得出最优的合成路线。探索两亲性三嵌段共聚物的在水中的自组装行为。考察共聚物结构和组成、共聚物浓度、共溶剂等对两亲性三嵌段共聚物自组装行为的影响。     

二苯甲酮封端制备大分子自由基引发剂及引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合研究

采用阴离子聚合的方法,以二苯甲酮为封端剂,合成了聚丁二烯大分子自由基引发剂;利用核磁共振仪对聚丁二烯大分子引发剂的结构进行了表征,并根据核磁共振氢谱中苯环特征峰面积计算封端效率。结果表明,低温有利于封端反应,30℃下封端效率为38.3%。进一步,利用聚丁二烯大分子引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）自由基聚合,制备了聚丁二烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物,考察了反应温度和反应时间对PB-PMMA嵌段共聚的影响。结果表明,85℃下反应5h共聚物产率相对较高,分布较窄。     

有机氨钙催化合成乙交酯ε-己内酯AB型嵌段共聚物

以有机配体氨钙为催化剂，采用分段加入聚合单体的方法，先合成具有活性的PCL，然后用PCL作为大分子引发剂，引发了乙交酯和ε-己内酯的开环聚合，形成了一系列乙交酯和ε-己内酯的AB型嵌段共聚物．用核磁、GPC、DSC及黏度法对嵌段共聚物进行了表征，确定了嵌段共聚物的结构．研究了嵌段共聚物的热力学性能和结晶性．     

基团转移聚合新引发剂：苄硫基三甲基硅烷

报道一种基团转移聚合新引发剂－苄硫基三甲基硅烷，并对其制备方法进行改进，实现了一步合成且得率较高。新引发剂贮存稳定性好且有较高的引发活性，能引发丙烯腈暴聚，以也使丙烯酸酯类单体在高得率下快速聚合，但引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合速度较慢。率也较低，还用新引发剂合成了二元嵌段共聚物及Ａ－Ｂ－Ｃ型三元嵌段共聚物。探讨了新发剂引发各类单体基团转移聚合的机理。并将新引发剂与最常用基团转移聚合引发剂进行活性比较。     

PEO-PPO可聚合型大分子乳化剂的合成及应用

甲醇为起始剂,与萘钾反应转化为醇钾,以醇钾为引发剂依次引发环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)阴离子开环聚合,合成环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷(PEO-PPO)两嵌段共聚物,然后用甲基丙烯酰氯(MAC)为封端剂对该嵌段共聚物进行封端,得到可聚合型大分子乳化剂(PEO-PPO-MA),其中聚环氧乙烷部分为亲水链段,聚环氧丙烷部分为疏水链段。采用GPC1、H-NMR对PEO-PPO-MA的结构进行了表征,并用表面张力法测定了PEO-PPO-MA的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值。以合成的可聚合型大分子聚合物作为乳化剂直接进行苯乙烯的乳液聚合,研究了加料方式对乳液聚合的影响。结果表明,聚合所得乳液粒径均匀,且在加入乙醇、MgSO4及冻融条件下均具有很好的稳定性。     

苯乙烯-丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯三嵌段共聚物的阴离子聚合及其表征

以正丁基锂为引发剂,1,1-二苯基乙烯为戴帽剂,2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基锂为络合剂,在环己烷、四氢呋喃混合溶剂中,采用阴离子聚合法,于-70 ℃～-40 ℃合成了非极性-极性的三嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚丁二烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(S-B-MMA),并借用GPC、1H-NMR、DSC、TEM、IR等仪器对共聚物进行了表征.结果表明,所得产物具备较窄的分子量分布(及微观相分离结构.     

原子转移自由基聚合制备嵌段共聚物的研究进展

对原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法嵌段共聚物的合成进行了全面的综述。ATRP法嵌段共聚物的合成可分为三种方法:将ATRP得到的聚合物分离后作为大分子引发剂,引发第二单体的ATRP;端官能团聚合物末端化学改性后引入ATRP引发剂官能团,而后作为大分子引发剂引发第二单体的ATRP;其它活性聚合方法得到的活性聚合物链用带有官能团的化合物封端后作为大分子引发剂引发第二单体的ATRP。     

嵌段共聚物聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯的合成和表征

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为引发剂在辛酸亚锡催化下引发己酸内酯开环聚合,制备PCL(聚己内酯)-PEG-PCL两亲三嵌段共聚物(PECL).采用红外光谱、体积排阻色谱及核磁共振对该共聚物进行表征,结果表明所合成共聚物具有预期结构.采用差热分析和原子力显微镜研究聚合物的微相分离结构;利用动态光散射测定了共聚物在水中自组装生成的纳米聚集体的粒径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that