河流复氧系数研究

氧传输理论因存在不确定的参数而不能用来预测河流复氧系数，以双膜理论为出发点，从水流紊动结构角度上推导了液膜厚度δ的表达式，并用实测资料拟合了其中的比例系数，从而使含参数δ的传质理论模型能够用于预测河流复氧作用。     

紊动水体中气液传质过程分析

在实验水槽中，通过测量水体中溶解氧浓度的变化，研究不同搅拌速度、搅拌头处于不同水深情况下的复氧过程，以及紊动水体中中性盐和有机物对复氧的影响，并在表面传质系数分析的基础上，摸拟计算复氧系数k2与水深H的关系。结果表明，水体内溶解氧量不仅取决于水气介面传质速率，而且也与水体内氧的扩散有关，紊动水体的复氧过程更与表面紊动动能有关；中性盐的存在对复氧影响较小，而葡萄糖则明显降低复氧速度。     

新组合填料塔中亏氧清水与餐厅污水的氧传递

根据污水处理所用填料的技术特征，自行开发研制了一种新型组合填料，通过平行实验测定了亏氧清水中该组合填料和其他3种填料塔的氧液相体积传质系数，并进行了比较，结果表明该组合填料具有优良的氧传递性能，对实验结果进行回归分析，得到4种填料氧传质系数的计算式。其计算值与实测值基本吻合，最后对同种填料在相同操作条件下，对亏氧清水和餐厅污水中的氧传递实测结果进行了比较，结果表明餐厅污水中的氧传质系数小于亏氧清水中的氧传质系数。     

水体大气复氧能力研究综述

大气复氧是水体中溶解氧的一个重要来源,复氧能力的研究是正确确定水中溶解氧浓度的一个重要课题.通过对大气复氧理论简要分析,指出水体中存在大量气泡情况下,如大坝泄洪下游水体或波浪破碎水体中,不仅需考虑自由液面质量传输,更需考虑气泡界面传质.概括了水体自由界面传质和气泡界面传质计算公式,指出目前还没有一个公式对所有河流水体有较好适用性,而误差较小的公式,也可能漏掉了一个或多个主要的影响因素.引入水体中溶解氧的"有效"饱和浓度和气泡穿透水体的"有效"水深两个参数,指出水中溶解氧的饱和浓度与水深相关,水深越大,溶解氧的"有效"饱和浓度越大,水体中溶解氧浓度愈有可能超饱和.     

潮汐河流溶解氧数学模型的探讨

本文根据河流一维水质对流扩散方程和潮汐河流的特征,建立了潮汐河流潮变溶解氧数学模型.该模型考虑了有机污染物质的碳化和硝化耗氧过程,通过模拟实测的溶解氧,确定了由流速和水深表达的复氧系数公式中的有关参数.计算值与实测值的比较结果表明,本模型能较好地模拟黄浦江潮汐过程中溶解氧的时空变化过程,对进一步探讨潮汐河流的水质变化规律有一定的参考价值.     

苏州河水质模型的研究

本文在分析了苏州河水污染特点后,提出二种适合于潮汐河流的水质模型.该模型由DO-CBOD-NBOD等成分组成,并考虑到平流输运、物质分散、碳化耗氧、硝化耗氧、吸附沉降、大气复氧和底质耗氧等几项作用.并用河流实测资料率定各项参数,从而建立各参数的计算公式.经模型验证,本模型基本上满足了水质规划的需要,唯有些问题尚须作深入的研究.     

ALR中表面活性物质对氧气液传质影响

在气升式内环流反应实验装置中，添加乙醇和乙酸异戊酯作为表面活性物质考察了氧的气液传质性能．结果表明，在纯水和添加表面活性物质的情况下，较大气速范围内，氧的气液体积传质系数随气速提高而增加．添加表面活性物质可强化气液传质．两种物质的浓度对体积传质系数也有一定影响，且其影响在气速较高的情况下更为显著．提出乙醇分子在界面形成单分子层从而形成电荷分布的观点，并以此观点对乙醇影响氧的气液传质性能进行了分析，同时对添加乙酸异戊酯时体积传质系数出现峰值的情况进行了讨论．     

松花江流域水环境BOD-DO模拟及参数分析

为了准确模拟、预测和评价松花江流域河流水环境系统行为,利用O'Connor水质模型建立了松花江河段BOD-DO之间的响应关系.通过水团追踪监测试验方法获得了大量数据,识别模型参数、灵敏度分析和模型验证.结果表明:试验确定的松花江佳木斯段模型参数取值合理,其精度可以满足水质模拟的要求;对佳木斯段BOD-DO模型参数进行了温度参数修正;参数灵敏性分析显示:大气复氧系数和NBOD衰减系数对模型预测结果影响较大,CBOD耗氧系数次之,NBOD总衰减速率和CBOD总衰减速率灵敏度最低.松花江佳木斯江段的实测结果证明了BOD-DO模型和相应参数的有效性和可靠性.     

泄水建筑物水流掺气复氧数值模拟

为了深入地认识泄水建筑物掺气水流的复氧过程,该文应用水气两相流混合模型计算了包括水垫塘在内的泄水建筑物水体的掺气浓度、流速、紊动粘性系数等特征参数。应用气泡界面传质理论建立了掺气水流的溶解氧对流扩散方程。不同试验工况的结果验证了掺气复氧数学模型的合理性和可靠性,表明该模型符合坝身泄流的特点,充分体现了过坝水流对大气的卷吸与紊动混掺。     

变压吸附富氧过程的数学模拟

依据ＰＳＡ（ＰｒｅｓｓｕｒｅＳｗｉｎｇＡｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ）变压吸附富氧过程进行了数学模拟，建立了稳态的数学模型。采用折线方程近似描述氮组合等温吸咐；采用了隐式差分法求解传质速度方程。模拟结果得到了设计的最佳参数和对富氧产品影响的主要参数。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to