鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3油层组物源及沉积体系

对鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区上三叠统延长组长3油层组砂岩开展了碎屑组分、岩屑类型、重矿物组分等分析,结果表明：研究区西部富含长石、沉积岩碎屑和石榴子石,南部富含岩屑（特别是火山岩碎屑）和电气石,东北部富含石英、变质岩碎屑和锆石。碎屑组分的 Dickin-son 三角图解显示,南部物源区构造背景主要为再旋回造山带,西部除再旋回造山带外,还有来自基底隆起的物源。西部可能为近物源、坡度较大、沉积物成熟度较低的陡坡型辫状河三角洲,南部可能为远物源、坡度较小、沉积物成熟度较高的缓坡型辫状河三角洲,二者大致呈南西－北东向展布,交汇于镇167－庆25－镇268－镇255－西85井一线以东。     

太原西山太原组砂岩特征及其地质意义

以太原西山晚古生界石炭系太原组下部石英砂岩及晋祠砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩的岩石学、矿物学和重矿物进行分析,揭示太原组下部两层砂岩的碎屑端元组成特征。两层砂岩体的碎屑颗粒以岩浆岩型石英,沉积岩型石英,沉积岩岩屑和变质岩型石英为主;重矿物以稳定矿物和中等稳定矿物为主。该两层砂岩的物源区母岩组合都为沉积岩、变质岩和火成岩共存;且随着时间演化,物源母岩具有沉积岩比例相对降低而结晶岩比例相对增加的趋势。     

白音查干凹陷缓坡带多物源方向及其模式探讨

利用地震反射结构、沟谷展布特征及岩石碎屑中轻—重矿物组合类型等研究成果,探讨了白音查干凹陷缓坡带西部下白垩统多物源模式。研究结果表明:白音查干凹陷缓坡带下白垩统地震相呈东西分带的特点,西部和东部发育前积反射,中部反射振幅相对较弱;西部物源充足,扇体规模相对较大。砂岩中的重矿物组合及碎屑组份在平面上差异性明显,南部以岩屑砂岩为主,西部、东部为长石岩屑砂岩;西部岩屑以花岗片麻岩为主,东部以片岩等变质岩岩屑占优势,南部含碳酸盐内碎屑等。缓坡带西部存在3个方向的物源,分别是沿盆地长轴方向的西部物源、短轴的南部物源和东南部物源。在盆地演化的早期短轴物源占主导,中后期长轴物源影响较大。     

北祁连造山带泥盆纪老君山群物源及构造背景分析

北祁连在泥盆纪经俯冲碰撞造山作用使得古祁连山体整体抬升,并沿造山带北麓及山间盆地形成了巨厚碎屑沉积。本文以北祁连泥盆纪老君山群出露点碎屑岩为研究对象,通过碎屑岩的碎屑组分和地球化学特征分析,探讨其物源区特征和盆地类型。研究认为,北祁连西部剖面砂岩的石英含量4.2%~27.8%,长石含量4.9%~36.2%,岩屑含量非常高,达44.3%~90.3%,砂岩类型主要为岩屑砂岩,岩屑类型以基性-酸性火山岩屑为主,说明西部剖面碎屑岩具有岛弧火山岩特征;东部剖面砂岩的石英含量6.58%~76.12%,长石含量5.32%~24.12%,岩屑含量16.23%~75.45%,岩屑组分为沉积岩岩屑、火山岩岩屑和变质岩岩屑,说明东部碎屑岩的源岩复杂,符合碰撞造山带性质。老君山群碎屑岩化学特征指标为:Al2O3/SiO2值为0.115 2~0.243,K2O/Al2O3值为0.072 5~0.229 4,K2O/Na2O值为0.179~1.8105,LREE/HREE值为2.33~4.92,Eu/Eu*值为0.46~0.82,各项地化参数分布范围均较广,由物源判别图分析可知,研究区西部物源来自于岛弧,而东部物源来自造山带。因此,由碎屑岩物质组分及其地球化学特征可知,泥盆纪北祁连造山带西部老君山群的盆地类型是与俯冲岛弧相关的弧前盆地,而东部则是与碰撞造山有关的前陆盆地。     

东营凹陷北带古冲沟古近系多物源沉积模式

利用地震反射结构、碎屑组分以及聚类分析等方法,提出东营凹陷北部陡坡带东部Y920古冲沟沙河街组沙四上亚段多物源叠加模式。研究结果表明:沙四上亚段沉积时期,Y920冲沟呈西陡东缓的不对称箕状构造形态。地震相呈东西分带的特点,冲沟西部发育楔形反射、东部发育前积反射、中部发育透镜状反射。冲沟内砂岩充填物的碎屑矿物组成在平面上具有明显的差异性,冲沟西部砂岩的石英含量低、岩屑含量高,岩屑以火成岩岩屑为主;冲沟东部,砂岩的长石和岩屑含量均较高,岩屑以变质岩岩屑为主;中部长石和石英含量较高,岩屑含量较低,含有较多的灰岩岩屑。Y920古冲沟存在3个方向的物源,分别为自北向南、沿冲沟长轴方向的北部物源以及来自冲沟西部和东部的短轴、侧向物源。冲沟西部发育近岸水下扇沉积,东部扇体以扇三角洲为主。     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系储层砂体发育及其岩石学特征

根据薄片、扫描电镜和X-衍射等测试资料以及砂岩厚度统计,分析了吐哈盆地台北凹陷侏罗系储层砂体发育及其岩石学特征。研究区发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲和滨浅湖滩砂3种储集砂体,受控于南、北两大物源体系。储集岩主要是岩屑砂岩类,岩屑含量高,陆源杂基多,成分与结构成熟度均较低,但南、北物源砂体储集岩特征有明显差异。北物源主要是扇三角洲砂体,岩屑砂岩,储集性能差,属低-特低孔、低-特低渗型储集层;南物源主要是辫状河三角洲砂体,长石岩屑砂岩,储集性能较好,以低孔、低渗型储集层为主,部分中孔、中渗型储层。碎屑岩储层岩石学特征与储集性能关系密切,结合砂体发育对其研究,对寻找有利储集体具有重要意义。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段改则地区木嘎岗日群物源特征和形成环境

中生代木嘎岗日群作为班公湖-怒江缝合带的标志性构造-地层单元,其形成环境与班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋的消亡过程密切相关;但由于后期遭受强烈的构造剪切,对其原始沉积环境和构造属性的认识分歧较大。本文针对班公湖-怒江缝合带西段改则地区的木嘎岗日群,通过野外地质调查、砂岩薄片分析和碎屑组分统计,对其基本组成和碎屑物质来源进行分析,进而探讨其形成环境。木嘎岗日群主要由基质和岩块两部分构成,其中基质为一套深海复理石沉积,岩块主要为中基性火山岩岩块、大理岩化灰岩岩块以及由二者砾石构成的砾岩岩块。基质与岩块通常为构造接触,局部亦可见沉积接触关系。基质砂岩主要为岩屑石英砂岩类和岩屑长石砂岩类。岩屑石英砂岩类的碎屑组分以石英为主,磨圆度中等或中等偏差,分选性差,杂基的体积分数为2%～15%,表明其成分成熟度较高,结构成熟度较低;岩屑长石砂岩类的碎屑组分以长石和岩浆岩碎屑为主,分选性中等,磨圆度差,杂基的体积分数约10%,表明其成分成熟度中等,结构成熟度较低。碎屑组分Dickinson三角图解显示岩屑石英砂岩类在Qm-F-Lt图中主要落入再旋回造山带物源区,在Qp-Lv-Lsm图中主要落入碰撞缝合线及褶皱-逆冲带物源区,少量位于混合造山带物源区;岩屑长石砂岩类在Qm-F-Lt图中主要落入过渡弧物源区,在Qp-Lv-Lsm图中主要落入火山弧造山带物源区,少量位于混合造山带物源区。砂岩成分、结构和物源区构造背景判别一致表明,研究区木嘎岗日群基质砂岩的碎屑物质具有双物源供给的特点:岩屑石英砂岩类主要来自羌塘地体,岩屑长石砂岩类主要来自洋岛。综合前人研究结果,认为研究区木嘎岗日群是一套总体无序、局部有序且遭受强烈剪切变形的沉积混杂岩,形成于海沟外侧的大洋盆地。     

松潘-阿坝和西秦岭三叠系砂岩组分特征及其构造意义

根据采自松潘-阿坝和西秦岭地区的约180件三叠系砂岩样品的薄片观察和统计,利用Dickinson三角图解对其物源区背景进行了判别,在此基础上对三叠纪原型盆地性质进行了探讨.松潘-阿坝和西秦岭三叠系复理石砂岩以岩屑长石杂砂岩和长石岩屑杂砂岩为主,具有高杂基含量、低成分成熟度和低结构成熟度的特点,物源主要来自于碰撞造山带.若尔盖坳陷北部与洮河坳陷物源区相似,碎屑主要来自过渡再旋回、切割弧及二者的混合区,大洋物质多于大陆物质,显示源区具有成熟度和稳定度较差到中等构造背景.若尔盖坳陷南部和马尔康坳陷北部物源主要来自石英再旋回;但大洋物质少于大陆物质,源区具有成熟度和稳定度较高的构造背景.中三叠世拉丁晚期到晚三叠世卡尼期,松潘-阿坝地区为一残余海盆,向其提供物源的是北侧的东昆仑-秦岭造山带、东侧的大别造山带和东南侧的扬子古陆.     

元坝地区须三段沉积特征

通过地质、测井、地震资料对元坝地区须三段沉积相进行了深入细致的研究,结果表明:①元坝工区西部地层为砂岩与泥岩的不等厚互层,东部地层为底部厚套砂体与顶部泥岩的叠置层;纵向上五期砂组相互叠置.②须三段沉积时期龙门山北段、米仓山—大巴山同时为元坝工区提供物源.母岩的不同导致元坝工区发育2类砂岩,西部以钙屑砂砾岩为主,东部以岩屑石英砂岩为主.③元坝工区须三段西部发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,垂向上呈现三角洲前缘—三角洲平原向盆地内进积的沉积序列;东部发育曲流河沉积体系,呈现三角洲前缘向盆缘退积的沉积序列.     

百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段那读组砂岩碎屑组分及物源分析

在大量岩石薄片鉴定的基础上,对百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带东段古近系那读组砂岩的碎屑组分特征及其物源进行了详细分析。结果表明,那读组砂岩以高成分成熟度、低结构成熟度的细砂岩为主;骨架颗粒与重矿物的特征均显示出那读组砂岩的母岩以沉积岩为主,其次为变质岩,且属近物源沉积;其沉积物主要来自北东向和北西向两个方向的物源供给。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to