Phospholipid catabolism in some organs of rabbit during aseptic autolysis

Riassunto Gli autori hanno studiato il comportamento del fosfolipidi durante 1'autolisi aseptica di cuore, rene e fegato di coniglio. Dai risultati ottenuti concludono che si ha attività fosfolipasica in tutti e tre gli organi considerati verso le lecitine endogene del tessuto, attività difficilmente evidenziabile in vivo con altre tecniche.     

Effects of D-penicillamine on some oxidative enzymes of rat organs in vivo

Summary In the liver of neonate rats and in tissues of adult rats a study was made of the effect of D-penicillamine treatment in vivo on the enzymes of peroxide metabolism, lipid peroxidation and other components. It was found that D-penicillamine primarily acts by decreasing lipid peroxidation, thus stabilizing the membrane.Properties of enzymes. Serial publication Part XVI.Acknowledgment. We should like to take the opportunity to express our thanks to the Directorate of Knoll AG, Ludwigshafen. FRG, for the kind gift of Metalcaptase^®.     

Activity of some enzymes in experimental hypertension in the rabbit

Zusammenfassung Bei durch Nierenarterien-Drosselung nach kontralateraler Nephrektomie chronisch hypertonischen Kaninchen wird mit Antirenin regelmässig eine bestimmte hypotensive Wirkung erzeugt. Auffallend niedrige Reninblutwerte, stark herabgesetzte Monoaminoxydase-Aktivität und deutlich gesteigerte Dopadecarboxylase-Aktivität sind charakteristisch. Der Befund zeigt die Bedeutung der Niere in der Erzeugung der Blutdruckamine im Laufe einer chronischen Hypertonie.

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This investigation was aided in part by grants from the Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army (no. DA-49-007-MD-429), and from the National Health Institute, United States Public Health Service (no. H-444 (C 10)).     

Sex chromatin as a marker in some rabbit cells

Zusammenfassung In frisch isolierten Kaninchenfibroblasten-und Leukocyten kann kein Geschlechtsdimorphismus festgestellt werden. Nach einigen Tagen Zellkultivierung findet man in 84–93% (durchschnittlich 91,5%) der weiblichen Fibroblasten den Geschlechtschromatinkörper. Nur 0–2% (durchschnittlich 0,5%) der männlichen Fibroblasten weisen ein dem Geschlechtschromatinkörper ähnliches Gebilde auf. In Leukocytenkulturen sind die entsprechenden Zahlen 82–90% (durchschnittlich 89%) für weibliche, 0–1% (durchschnittlich 0,3%) für männliche Zellen. Diese Daten lassen den Geschlechtschromatinkörper als brauchbaren Zellmarkierer beim Kaninchen erscheinen.     

Effect of rabbit antiserum to ovine LH on reproductive organs in male hamsters and guinea-pigs

Summary Administration of rabbit antiserum to ovine luteinizing hormone to immature hamsters and guinea-pigs resulted in a significant decrease in the weights of testes, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate.The author wishes to thank Prof. N.R. Moudgal for his interest and Family Planning Foundation for financial assistance.     

Effect of some drugs on the chemotaxis of rabbit neutrophils in vitro

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über den Einfluss 20 bekannter Substanzen auf die chemotaktische Wanderung von Kaninchenexsudatzellen, vorab Neutrophilen, werden dargelegt. Im Chemotaxistest nach Boyden wurden die Leukozyten zusammen mit Substanz inkubiert und die Veränderung ihrer gerichteten Wanderungsfähigkeit gemessen. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse werden kurz besprochen.     

The 5-Hydroxytryptamine content of the brain and some other organs of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) during activity and hibernation

Zusammenfassung Der 5-Hydroxytryptamingehalt des Igelhirns während der kalten Jahreszeit und besonders während des Winterschlafs war stets höher als mitten im Sommer. Die grösste Zunahme wurde in den Grosshirnhemisphären gefunden. Mechanismus und physiologische Bedeutung der Änderung wurde diskutiert und dabei angenommen, dass diese im Zusammenhang mit einer autonomen Regelung des Hibernationszustandes stehe.     

Changes in heart rate levels during avoidance conditioning in the rabbit

Summary During avoidance conditioning heart rate levels tend to increase or to decrease according to their initial values and these changes are not related to learning or performance of the task.     

Biochemical changes in some acrosomal enzymes of spermatozoa during maturation

Summary Goat spermatozoal hyaluronidase and acrosin show significantly increased activities during transition from caput to cauda epididymis. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreases during spermatozoal transport through epididymis.Acknowledgment. The work was supported by World Health Organization, Geneva (Project No. 76238).     

Biochemical changes in some acrosomal enzymes of spermatozoa during maturation

Goat spermatozoal hyaluronidase and acrosin show significantly increased activities during transition from caput to cauda epididymis. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreases during spermatozoal transport through epididymis.     

Catheptic activity in the cerebral tissue of the rabbit during allergic encephalomyelitis

Zusammenfassung Gehirnhomogenate von Kaninchen mit experimenteller allergischer Encephalomyelitis weisen eine deutlich erhöhte katheptische Aktivität auf, wahrscheinlich als Folge des allergischen Entzündungsprozesses.     

Uterine fluid proteins bind sperm cholesterol during capacitation in the rabbit

Summary Cholesterol from rabbit sperm cells was bound by uterine fluid proteins following intrauterine insemination into ovulating does. Serum albumin has been identified as a uterine sterol acceptor. Progesterone administration suppressed binding and elevated the concentration of cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein. Uterine fluid cholesterol affinity, therefore, correlated with sperm capacitation activity in utero.I thank N. V. Davis for her assistance during this study. Financial support was received from N.I.H. grant HD 16238.     

Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Increased catabolite concentrations in serum are associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging. The first catabolic step in KP is primarily controlled by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Following this first step, the KP has two major branches, one branch is mediated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and is responsible for the formation of 3-HK, 3-HAA, and quinolinic acid (QA); and another branch is controlled by kynurenine amino-transferase (KAT), which generates KA. Uncontrolled Trp catabolism has been demonstrated in distinct CVD, thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which regulates KP enzyme expression and activity is paramount. This review highlights the recent advances on the effect of KP enzyme expression and activity in different tissues on the pathological mechanisms of specific CVD, KP is an inflammatory sensor and modulator in the cardiovascular system, and KP catabolites act as the potential biomarkers for CVD initiation and progression. Moreover, the biochemical features of critical KP enzymes and principles of enzyme inhibitor development are briefly summarized, as well as the therapeutic potential of KP enzyme inhibitors against CVD is briefly discussed.     

Blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) of the whole body and some organs of the rat

Summary Methods are described for estimation of blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) in the whole body and in some organs with⁵¹Cr,¹⁴C-thiocyanate and³H-inulin. A mean blood volume of 47 ml/kg, a thiocyanate space of 350 ml/kg and a inulin space of 288 ml/kg were determined in the rat. The corresponding values of organs are shown in figures 1–3.